https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j Made with the strength to succeed en-us 2020-02-27 00:44:28 UTC 2026-02-12 03:04:38 UTC hello@padlet.com cydne123 https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451136932   - controls and coordinates activity of all bodily systems
_ Voluntary and involuntary control]]> 2020-02-27 01:17:01 UTC https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451136932 cydne123 https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451141240 Central nervous system (CNS)- Brain and spinal cord
- receives and interprets sensory info.
- initiates motor response
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
  - afferent nerves- sensory impulses  towards CNS
- efferent nerves- motor impulses away from CNS
- Cranial and spinal nerves
             2 Divisions of PNS
- Somatic Nervous system
  - nerves branch from cranial and spinal motor nerves
 -voluntary control by cerebral cortex
- Autonomic nervous system (visceral)
 -cranial and spinal  motor nerves innervate cardiac and smooth muscle
- involuntary
-regulated by the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
-autorythimicity
-homeostasis for the body by regulating the speed at which organs work




]]> 2020-02-27 01:29:54 UTC https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451141240 cydne123 https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451147549 -Made up of ganglia
 -preganglionic -from the spinal cord
-post ganglionic- to the organ
 Subdivisions of ANS
- Sympathetic nervous system
        fight flight or fright!!
(adrenergic)- lots of energy!
-whole body stimulus
-regulates activity of organs and gland during physical and mental stress (i.e.- heart brain and lungs)
-ganglia are far from effector organ
-Adrenal medulla release epinephrine(EPI) or norepinephrine (NE) to receptors and produce sympathetic responses.
NT : ACH (cholinergic) released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings- both systems!
        EPI (adenergic) acts on adergenic receptors ,produced by adernal medulla
       NE (adrenergic) released at post ganglionic nerve endings , synthesized by dopamine
 dopamine (DA) symathetic and CNS neurotransmitter, precursor to NE
 stimulates: alpha, beta and dopaminergic
Sympathetic effects!
  -vasoconstriction
  -vasodilation
  -release of EPI and NE
-increases heart rate,conduction and contractility
  -bronchodilation
  -mydriasis
- decreases digestion and slows GI motility and secretions
-relaxation of the bladder
- Urinary sphincter contraction- decreases urination
Sympathetic receptors
 -Alpha 1- on glands smooth muscles,eyes and most artieries and veins
  -smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction (increased BP) drug ex. ephedrine-
-dialation of pupils  (mydriasis)
       DRUG -alpha 1 adergenic agonist
Phenylephrine- Vasoconstriction of nasal passage (decongestant)

-Alpha 2- relaxation/inhibition(parasymphatetic response)
   -decreases contraction of smooth muscle (vasodilation (lowers BP)
   DRUG-  -Adrenergic blocking drugs- binds to alpha 1 receptors and blocks them
-relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodialtion of blood vessels and decrease BP( EX:terazosin)
increases urine flow by relaxation of ureters (EX: prazosin)
 -Beta 1 (one heart!)
  -location heart
  -increased force of contraction, heart rate and conduction DRUG:dobutamine
  -Blocker-Atenolol (for hypertention, decreases BP)
- Beta 2 - located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries and coronary arteries
   -smooth muscle relaxation
  -bronchodialation
  -uterine relaxation
  -relaxationtion of coronary arteries and skeletal muscle blood vessels
(stimulated by EPI only!!!)
  DRUGS: nadolol (corgard)
 
 





]]> 2020-02-27 01:49:24 UTC https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451147549 cydne123 https://padlet.com/cydne123/w3y5h6de3w4j/wish/451176333   - restoration of energy stores, balance
  - stimulates one specific body part or system
  -NT is ACH at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings
 PNS effects!
pretty much the opposite of sympathetic
- decresed heart rate,conduction and contractility
-miosis
-bronchoconstriction
-increased digestion
-urinary bladder contraction and urinary sphincter relaxation (increased urination and defecation)
 -RECEPTORS!!
- Muscarinic -located on cardic, smooth muscle,glands
  -decreased heart rate, bronchoconstriction, increased digestion
increated urination
-nicotinic (Nn)- at gland of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves
 -nicotinic 2(Nm)
  -somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle
  - will contract muscle if stimulated
NT of PNS
- NT is released at ganglia (ACH)
 and also at postganglionic nerve ending

DRUGS:
 Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetic
(CS)
-Acetylcholine- used for miosis/cataracts  (pupil constriction)




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