-          Unsworth, N., Fukuda, K., Awh, E., & Vogel, E. K. (2014). Working memory and fluid intelligence: Capacity, attention control, and secondary memory retrieval. Cognitive Psychology,71, 1-26. doi:- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.01.003

 

-          Mayr, U., Kuhns, D., & Hubbard, J. (2014). Long-term memory and the control of attentional control. Cognitive Psychology,72, 1-26. doi:- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.02.001

 

-          Reingold, E. M., Reichle, E. D., Glaholt, M. G., & Sheridan, H. (2012). Direct lexical control of eye movements in reading: Evidence from a survival analysis of fixation durations. Cognitive Psychology,65, 177-206. doi:- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.03.001

 

 

Choose one ritual. Explore cognitive processes.

-primarily expose to the stimulus

-Muslim expose to the term of Solat since childhood – we recognize what is Solat, how to do it, what time of Solat.

-Kids identify the solat when they looking at the parent or older people

-Giving careful attention to every little details in surah that we cite- accuracy on Quranic verse

STM-storing information in brief period of time(when start to learn Solat) before the information transfer to LTM by doing rehearsal processes 

LTM- retrieve processes the information the way of performing Solat

-Memorizing process occur when we want to memorize the surah that we want to cite in Solat


One cognitive study related to our task as khalifah 

Decision making

-          Selecting strategies to spread dakwah efficiently.

-          Associative and rule based reasoning in choosing the right behavior(amar ma'aruf nahi munkar)

III, H. L., & Pyc, M. A. (2012). Inexpensive techniques to improve education: Applying cognitive psychology to enchance educational practice. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition.

Molouki, S., & Bartels, D. M. (2017). Personal change and the continuity of the self. Cognitive Psychology.

Suarez-Pellicioni, M., Nunez-Pena, M. I., & Colome, A. (2015). Math anxiety: A review of its cognitive consequences, psyhophysiological correlates, and brain bases. Cognitive Affect Behavior Neuroscience.

One islamic ritual and cognitive process:

SOLAT

Attention
1) Bottleneck Theory
    - Select information when some information processing stage become overloaded.
Example: During solat in crowded places and noisy.
 
Concentration 
- Investing mental effort in one or more task.
Example: focus in solat and trying to read surah with the meaning.
To do that, mental effort are needed- the amount of mental capacity required to perform a task.

2) Deutsch-Norman Memory
    - Often refer as late-selection models. Words that are heard are recognized but quickly forgotten unless it is important.
Example: In solat, where places are very crowded, many things can be heard. So, selection are made to make sure still focus in solat.
::

Definition: refrain from eating and drinking and the things that can break the fast from dawn to sunset with intentions.

1. Explore the cognitive processes of fasting:

2. Related study:

In Ramadhan, the act of fasting is wajib to be performed by the muslims. The reasons of commandment of fasting can be divided into several aspects: 1)As to comply with command from Allah 2) to improve the spiritual state through fulfilling the recommended actions and abstaining from what is prohibited. 3) self-reflection (muhasabah)

Aim: to examine the impact of fasting on human attention and problem solving skills.

Target participant: university students.

Design: between subject design. The samples are split into two different group to answer 1 set of mathematical question which consist of 20 questions to be solved in 10minutes. 1st group is instructed to fast on the day of the test while the other group is given a set of lunch right before the test.

The group with higher score is said to have a better attention and problem solving skills.

*the questions based on the syllabus that they previously learned, participants are from the same level of study and course. The physiological state and the acquired knowledge of participants might serve as a confounding variables in the study, but could be overcome through random selection and pre-test of the mathematical questions before the study is conducted.

3. Cognitive study related to the task as khalifah:

Metacognition: the selection of strategies from processing information such as the selection of the study strategies to prepare for exams.

As khalifah, we should know the right way on dealing with our daily problems, because different problem requires different approach. Knowing the strategies on how to become a good khalifah is needed for fulfilling the command of Allah as to conduct one’s self accordingly with the shariah, and on how to contribute for the betterment of ummah. 

This can be justified from one of the hadith that mentioned the story of muaz ibn jabal for exercise his own reasoning (ijtihad) to solve the matter which cant be found either in quran or sunnah. Hence, the selection of the strategies is needed for conduct oneself as a khalifah. 

 Task 2 : Choose 1 ritual

Fasting (Sawm)

Sawm and how it influence student’s productivity.
- To study how the act of sawm influenced the productivity of students especially in terms of their studies and attention given in class.

Task 3: Cognitive study related to our task as khalifas

Exposure to Quran recitation and student’s anger control.
- Students are gathered in a room (lab settings) and they will be exposed to several verses of the Quran for a few minutes. They will need to involve themselves in the experiment 5 times a week, for one month. 
- They will then be tested with a situation that will aggravate their anger. The reaction of the students towards such situation will be recorded. 

Stroebe, Wolfgang; van Koningsbruggen, Guido M.; Papies, Esther K.; Aarts, Henk

Psychological Review, Vol 120(1), Jan 2013, 110-138.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030849



TASK 1
One related study that we should study related to cognition in these religious practices.

1. The person who are fasting will pay their attention on fasting with doing the good deeds and feel calm. For example, zikir, do tahajjud, tarawikh in ramadan, read Quran, do sunah and prohibit the bad things.

2. From neuropsychological test, that Ramadan fasting affects cognitive function but not homogenously. Ramadan had positive influence on performance in the domains of psychomotor function/processing
speed and attention. Its marked decrease in values of diastolic blood pressure during Ramadan
as compared to values obtained from healthy individuals before Ramadan. Since glucose is an essential substrate
of central nervous system, cognitive activity is related to glucose metabolism.



TASK 2: CHOOSE 1 RITUAL
(FASTING)

One cognitive study related to our task as a khalifah.

As a khalifah we need to control our emotion during fasting likes be patient, control our desire and etc.

 

Unsworth N., Fukuda K., Awh E., Vogel K.E. (2014). Working memory and fluid intelligence: Capacity, attention control, and secondary memory retrieval. Cognitive Psychology, 71, 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.01.003

Solah and Cognitive process

1. Attention:
To attain khusyu' in Solah, ones must give their full focus on what they recite in Solah.

2. Memory:
The need of recite certain verses while performing prayers need the memory to be able to retrieve.

 

Points in the abstract:

Points in the method section:

2. Daunic, A. P. (2015). Developing Social-emotional Vocabulary to support Self-regulation for Young Children at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Problems. Int J Sch Cog Psychol 2:143. doi:10.4172/2469-9837.1000143

Points in the abstract:

Points in the method section:

3. Wanless, S. B., Scharphorn, L., Chiu, Y. JI., Chen, F. M., Chen, J. L. (2015). Taiwanese Preschool and Elementary Teacher’s Beliefs about Discipline, Students, and Teaching Practices . Int J Sch Cog Psychol 2:134. doi:10.4172/2469-9837.1000134

Points in the abstract:

Points in the method section:

2. Khairuz Zaadi Bin Khairol Annuar (1529917)

3. Mohamad Syafeq Bin Zainal Amin (1527985)