Word formation by Ульяна Казмирская https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc Made with an open mind en-us 2021-02-26 07:33:25 UTC 2021-02-26 08:12:10 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4d8.png There are four main kinds of word formation: ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244302874 2021-02-26 07:35:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244302874 Prefixes ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244303243 We add prefixes before the base or stem of a word.]]> 2021-02-26 07:35:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244303243 Conversion ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244303800 Conversion involves the change of a word from one word class to another. ]]> 2021-02-26 07:36:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244303800 Suffixes ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244306848 We add suffixes after the base or stem of a word. The main purpose of a suffix is to show what class of word it is.]]> 2021-02-26 07:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244306848 Compounds ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244307974 When we use compounding, we link together two or more bases to create a new word.
Normally, the first item identifies a key feature of the second word.]]> 2021-02-26 07:38:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244307974 Examples ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244310101 monorail, monolingual
mono- means ‘one’
multipurpose, multicultural
multi- means ‘many’
unusual, undemocratic
un- means ‘not’ or ‘opposite to’]]> 2021-02-26 07:40:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244310101 Example ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244317593 terrorism, sexism
-ism and -dom are used to form nouns
employer, actor
-er and -or are used to form nouns to describe people who do things
widen, simplify
-en and -ify are used to form verbs
reasonable, unprofitable
-able is used to form adjectives
unhappily, naturally
-ly is a common suffix used to form adverbs]]> 2021-02-26 07:44:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244317593 Examples ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244324558 For example, the verbs to email and to microwave are formed from the nouns email and microwave.

Can you text her? (verb from noun text, meaning to send a text-message)
They are always jetting somewhere. (verb from noun jet)
If you’re not careful, some downloads can damage your computer. (noun from verb download)
OK, so the meeting’s on Tuesday. That’s a definite. (noun from adjective)

We also use conversion when we change a proper noun into a common noun:

Has anybody seen my Dickens? (copy of a book by Dickens)

]]> 2021-02-26 07:48:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244324558 Examples ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244335212 For example, the two bases back and ache can combine to form the compound noun backache, and the two bases post and card combine to form the compound noun postcard.

Compounds are found in all word classes. The most common types of compounds are:
Nouns: car park, rock band
Adjectives: heartbreaking, sugar-free, airsick
Verbs: oven-bake, baby-sit, chain-smoke
Adverbs: good-naturedly, nevertheless
]]> 2021-02-26 07:54:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244335212 Abbreviation ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244344742 Abbreviation involves shortening a word. We do this in three main ways: clipping, acronyms and blends.]]> 2021-02-26 07:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244344742 Examples ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244347661
We use clipping when we shorten or ‘clip’ one or more syllables from a word. We also commonly clip proper names for people:
ad: advertisement, advert
lab: laboratory
Matt: Matthew

Acronyms are a type of abbreviation formed when the initial letters of two or more words are combined in a way that produces consonant and vowel sequences found in words. Acronyms are normally pronounced as words:
RAM: RAM is a term used to describe a computer’s memory.

Initials are similar to acronyms but are pronounced as sets of letters, not as words:
WHO: World Health Organisation, pronounced W–H–O
CD: compact disc, pronounced C–D

We form blends when we combine parts of existing words to form a new word:
blog: blend of web and log
motel: blend of motor and hotel
smog: blend of smoke and fog
]]> 2021-02-26 08:00:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244347661 Back-formation ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244352307 We form words with back-formation when we remove part of a word, usually something which we think is a suffix (or occasionally a prefix). We do this commonly when we form verbs from nouns.]]> 2021-02-26 08:03:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244352307 Examples ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244354479
For example: to liaise (back-formed from the noun liaison); to intuit (back-formed from the noun intuition), to enthuse (back-formed from the noun enthusiasm):

Can you liaise with Tim and agree a time for the meeting, please?

She’s always enthusing about her new teacher.

]]> 2021-02-26 08:04:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244354479 Loan words and new words ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244357901 Loan words are words that are borrowed from other languages.

Some prefixes are commonly used to create new words.]]> 2021-02-26 08:06:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244357901 Examples ulya4269 https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244359292 Loan words:  some recent loan words for food taken from other languages include: sushi, tapas, chapatti, pizza.

New words:
In modern English the prefix e- is used to create new words that are connected with the Internet and the use of the Internet:
e-bank, e-cards, e-commerce, e-learning
Almost any noun may potentially combine with any other noun to form new noun compounds (e.g. computer virus, carbon footprint, quality time).
]]> 2021-02-26 08:07:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ulya4269/w1zsniex5t4s46hc/wish/1244359292