Overall, the services in the Longston Centre was said to the the worst of the three, scoring only 5.8, while Peveril Centre was rated to have the best services of the three centres, scoring 8.3. Marchbank Centre takes second place, scoring 7.2 on the table.

All the aspects of services also followed this ranking. Booking appointments in Peveril Centre was significantly higher than the other centres, scoring 9.1 compared to 5.2 and 7.8 of Longston and Marchbank Centres, respectively. Doctors’ services in Peveril was 8.7, and compared to 8.0 of Longston Centre, the distance was significantly smaller. As for care for children, Longston Centre scored 6.3, very far from Peveril’s 7.5 score. As for pharmacy, Longston scored a 5.1, while Peveril scored a 6.3. And finally, when it came to responding to concerns, Longston scored a meagre 4.3, very far from Peveril and Marchbank’s 9.6 and 6.5, respectively.

It is true that scientific research and development into agriculture has benefitted our world greatly. First, it has lifted many from the prospect of starvation. For example, the Green Revolution in India during the 1960s, or the research into rice species in China, has lifted billions of people from the threat of starvation. Second, it has liberated people from manual labor in agriculture. In farms today, we can see that not many people have to work in a farm anymore, as we now have machines that could serve us, which is a product of scientific research. Because of this, a lot has been freed from the hard labor that agriculture traditionally requires, leaving a lot with the time they want to pursue other interests. 

However, scientific developments in agriculture have their downsides as well. First, certain products that was used in farming, like pesticides, could have major consequences to humans and the environment. In many places, like rural Vietnam, it has been reported that cancer rates has risen ever since the people started using pesticides. Or the fact that pesticide bottles that was not properly disposed of have polluted countless rivers and land, killing countless organisms and aquatic creatures, destroying the ecosystem. Second was the uncertainty in eating products that was produced as a result of scientific research, such as GMOs, especially when they could alter our genes and such. Third is the fact that many has lost their jobs as a result of scientific research, especially through automation. It is true that with automation, many has been liberated from manual labor that agriculture demands, but also many more does not have the qualifications to pursue other interests, and so they, in a twist of irony, starve to death because they could not make any money to feed themselves due to not having the qualifications to work in other occupations.

In conclusion, while scientific developments in farming certainly has bring major benefits, it also brought a lot of downsides that creates major problems to human society and the environment.

The given table portrays how five different areas of service were judged by attenders of three seperate health centres. Overall, Peveril Centre ranks the highest in score, followed by Marchbank Centre and Longston Centre. 

Firstly, the patients evaluated the Peveril Centre with the highest overall score of 8.3. More specifically, its response to concerns and booking appoinments service were rated the best, with the score of 9.6 and 9.1 respectively, higher than any other service ranking on the table and the only ones rated above 9. In contrast, patients are the most unsatisfied with its pharmacy, only giving it a 6.3. Secondly, Marchbank Centre was ranked the second highest with the overall score of 7.2. Notably, its doctor service is the best according to patients, giving it an 8.4, fitting the trend of this service being rated 8 or above in all three health centres. Similar to Peveril Centre, its pharmacy is rated the lowest, only being 5.8.

On the other hand, Longston Centre has the worst performance in service according to patients, with the lowest overall score of 5.8. In detail, it received the highest evaluation for doctors’ service, being an 8, still lower than the scores given to the two other centres in the same aspect. Its second lowest ranked aspect of service is pharmacy, only receiving a little above 5, alike Marchbank Centre. Its lowest performing service however, is response to concern, only scoring a mere 4.3 from patients. 

Task 2:

In this modern age, we are no longer strangers to scientific advances in agriculture, which have made considerable changes for the farming industry. Some people state that this always provide huge benefits, and I only partly agree with this. While advantages to farming are definitely significant, there also lies disadvantages that goes with scientific development. 

Firstly, developing new methods, technology, and pesticides in farming help with economic benefits. Farmers are able to boost their crops’ quality while limiting manual labor work and human error, maximising efficiency in growing and harvesting crops. For example, in the past, crops could not survive in extreme weather conditions, needed the perfect dirt and to be hand-picked by the farmers. Now, thanks to genetic modifying and crop-harvesting machines along with automatic sprayers, crops have become more resilient, grew more abundant, and need less care from human farmers. This means not only is crop productivity enhanced, but they also have better tastes, attracting more customers. Secondly, these scientific developments also help with the social benefits. Farmers are able to benefit from needing less manual workers, gaining more knowledge as well as creating more jobs in the agriciltural science industry. For example, more job positions will be open as scientists, engineers, technicians and more will be needed to develop machines, pesticides, new farming methods for farmers which will better employment and income rates. Some might say this will also reduce job opportunities as the amount of farmers needed will decrease with technology replacing their positions, but I think the amount of jobs gained will outweigh the number of jobs lost. 

On the other hand, scientific developments also bring disadvanntages, especially when considering environmental damage. Machine and chemical engineering and production will most definitely need to be done in factories and laboratories, which might release harmful fumes and poisons into the environment, causing pollution. For example, production of machine parts can produce harmful fumes in the air and cause air pollution, as well as usage of upgraded fertilizers can cause heavy land pollution, which leads to water pollution which might harm the ecosystem. This means further environmental and economic costs will be required to fix this, lest people and wildlife on earth suffer from its consequences. Additionally, human health can also be endangered by scientific changes in everyday food. Genetically modified crops and meat can show certain threats for the human body, as some methods and products are not yet proven to be safe and can affect the body’s health and functionality. For example, high ranking officials are often not given geneticallly modified food for fear of unsafety. This shows the uncertainty and immaturity of these scientific methods, though advances have been made, there are still aspects needed for further testing. 

In conclusion, though scientific developments bring certain advantages in economic and social aspects, they are not always beneficial as environmental damage and threats to human health still exists due to its need of further improvements. 

Reading: 37/40 Practice test 1

The table illustrates the average of the patient's evaluation of services at three health centers in different aspects of services. 

Overall, as can be clearly seen from the chart, the Peveril Centre was the highest in the average of evaluation points while the opposite belonged to Longston Centre among three health centers. 

In Longston, the Doctor’s service stood at 8.0 points was the highest evaluation by patients. This was followed by care of children, at 6.3 points. In contrast, booking appointments, pharmacy and response to concerns was below the overall average at 5.2, 5.2, 4.3 respectively.

In Peveril Centre, accounting for 9.6 out of 10 scores, the figure for patients evaluating response to concerns was the highest in the average of assessment points. In Marchbank, Doctor’s service was assessed the highest points among four different types of service. In contrast, Pharmacy received the lowest points in both health centers (Peveril and Marchbank) at 6.3 and 6.5 respectively.

TASK 2:

Nowadays, the world has had changed into the modern technology community, which are leading to scientific developments in agriculture which always bring major benefits to society. In my viewpoint, I agree with this opinion for many reasons that will be mentioned in the content of the following essay. 

On the one hand, some people argue that scientific developments in farming can have many drawbacks rather than benefits. For example, it is using a lot of limited natural resources in each area to improve crop yield. Because of that people in some countries are facing with many problems such as environmental and shortage problems. Moreover, the improvement in agricultural can cause disease development due to chemicals in food. For instance, some persons who eat these kinds of food can cause some issues in their body. 

On the other hand, it is more comfortable for farmers to use technology for their works. With these methods, they do not have to spend all days working outside in the sun. They can control the machine from their house and the apparatus will do their work for them. They receive the same outcomes at the end with the help of modern equipment. Therefore, changing the method from human labor to modern equipment makes the process finished easier and faster. For example, using a tractor to harvest vegetables take only a hour while it takes a day for using a famers. 

In conclusion, I strongly agree with this statement because although it still causes disadvantages for people, these disadvantages are really insignificant compared to the positive effects it has brought to farmers when helping them to complete their jobs faster and easier. 

Reading Practice Test 1: 30/40

To begin with, with the technical assistance of science, people nowadays can modify the genes of plants which enhance their strength and the ability to greatly adapt to the vital alterations of environment. For example, the plants may be provided with the capability to protect themselves from virus infection and other destruction related to insects, which consequently benefits farmers in the economics field. In terms of society, the advancement in agricultural technology holds the key to solving starvation. To be more specific, the increase in the productivity and quality of farming products can notably help humans to meet the extremely high demand for food while minimizing the production cost at the same time.

On the other hand, utilizing technology in agriculture does have some particular disadvantages, especially when it comes to the environment. It is obvious that excessive fertilizer usage can negatively affect nature, resulting in soil and water pollution which may lead to a shortage of water in many regions. Furthermore, since farmers tend to use chemical additives to preserve products, many fruits and vegetables once regarded as healthy for humans now cause various food-borne diseases, even contributing to a higher rate of disability in children. 

Conclusively, although the advancement of scientific farming can deal with severe famine and boost the immunity of plants, it can dramatically impact on the environment in a negative way.

When it comes to booking appointments, Marchbank Centre scored a relatively good point - 7.8, compared to the average point of 5.3 of Longston Centre. Both of those points were lower than the 9.1 of Peveril Centre, however. Regarding the doctors’service, the score range of the three centres was rather small, which means the points given were nearly the same - 8.0, 8.7 and 8.4 respectively. For the childcare service, the rates for Peveril and Marchbank (7.5 and 7.3 orderly) were a bit higher than that of Longston Centre (6.3). In the aspect of pharmacy service, all the three centres got a neutral review - 5.1, 6.3 and 5.8. The obvious range occurred once again in the centres’ response to concerns area. While the rates were bad to average for Longston(4.3) and upper average for Marchbank (6.5), those of Peveril were close to excellent (9.6).

With the specific evaluations for each centre provided, it is understandable that the overall score of Longston Centre was only 5.8, much lower than that of Marchbank (7.2) and especially Peveril Centre (8.3)

To begin with, using technology is certainly have social benefits. In former times, the images of an ox or a tractor controlled by farmers on the fields have been common to people for such a long time, but seeing an irrigation may be new to lots of farmers, especially those in developing countries. Thus, when using these novel systems, farmers will have to get accustomed to a new range of knowledge that then enhance their skills. Moreover, it is certain that everything wil have points needed fixing, so this will definitely encourage scientists to think of new invetions that improve that drawback. Another reason for the utilization of technical achievements in farming is economic advantages. The products when grown by human seems to not have the same quality, but when the access to technology in country-side and agricultural areas are widespread, products are more welcoming and prices are also higher, which benefits farmers greatly. What is more, it is reported that since the fourth industrial revolution, rising productivity was one of the obvious effects that helped people continue on this path.

However, this is not always the case. New types of pesticides are established, which means the worse problems of water and land pollutions. Additionally, lives of residents around those regions are at risk. It is recorded that cancer rate in those areas is much higher than that in towns, cities. Therefore, solutions are neccesary and need proposing as soon as possible.

In summary, I think scientific developments in farming always result in major benefits because of its social and economic effects, but pollution issues are also existed if it is not well processed.

Overall, it is notable that the Peveril center receives the highest average score, followed by Marchbank and Longston center. Additionally, doctors’ service is relatively top-ranked among the other five categories.

To begin with, the gap between the assessment of the three health institutes in terms of booking appointments is considerably large, with 5,2 of Longston, 9,1 of Peveril, and 7,8 of Marchbank. Meanwhile, the scores concerning doctors’ service are significantly high and even among all centers, with the highest point (8,7) belonging to Peveril center. 

Moreover, in all three institutes, children's care and pharmacy are poorly assessed since they do not manage to reach the 8 points. While the score given for the care of children varies between 6,3 and 7,5, the pharmacy evaluation is far worse, only having the highest point at 6,3. Regarding the response service, although Peveril center receives an almost perfect score, about 9,6, the Longston service is only assessed to be 4,3. 

To commence, with considerable leaps in agricultural science, it is undeniable that the productivity of farming has been drastically improved. Farmers, equipped with state-of-the-art machines and tools, can now cultivate vast land of fields without committing strenuous and time-consuming labors. For example, by applying automatic watering systems, just with a button and the entire paddy field will be watered effectively. In addition, as farmers now produce in better quantity and quality, the supply will exceed the demand, which increases the availability and accessibility of food. Consequently, consumers can get hold of a variety of food at a much more reasonable price, solving the issue of malnutrition among the impoverished. In fact, several African countries have managed to feed their increasing population and significantly reduce cases of extreme famine thanks to novel agricultural equipment.

On the other hand, improper agricultural measurements can lead to devastating impacts on the environment. The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, mass deforestation, overfishing by bombs, and so on are all typical agricultural practices using modern technology. Ultimately, our planet will have to stand irretrievable damages from soil pollution to water contamination. Furthermore, it is now a common phenomenon that farmers soaked fruits and vegetables in chemicals to accelerate the ripening process and preserve their products. These chemicals in turn will prove fatal to consumers, causing a multitude of food-borne diseases all over the world. 

Conclusively, scientific improvements in farming do offer a wide array of benefits, but it is fair to say that these developments are far from perfect regarding their negative effects on the environment and human health.

Overall, it is evident that Peveril Center was the most favored, at 8.3 followed by Marchbank (7.2) and Longston Center (5.8). Moreover, of the five primary services, doctors’ service was highly ranked by clients from all centers. 

To start, patients of Longston Center poorly evaluated its booking services, at 5.2 while those of Marchbank and Peveril were 7.8 and 9.1 respectively. In terms of responses to concerns, Longston’s score was nearly half of Peveril’s, about 4.3 while Marchbank accounted for a moderate 6.5. Meanwhile, doctors’ service received the highest average grades, all above 8 but below 9. 

On the other hand, child care and pharmacy were dismally rated across the board. Children's service had evaluations ranging from 6.3 to 7.5 with the highest and lowest belonging to Peveril and Longston. Similar ranks among the three venues were recorded when it came to the pharmacy, though points, in general, were much lower, between 5.1 and 6.3. 

That enhancements in science bring several advantages to farming is an undeniable fact. Firstly, such developments help to boost one nation’s economic growth. With the occurrence of modernized machinery, the process of growing crops and breeding will speed up, which increase the number of products collected annually and thus multiply the income per capita. Secondly, increasing scientific advancement might as well benefit the social of the country. Those who study majors related to AI or computer science are the direct benefactors, since they will be provided with myriads of job opportunities as to satisfy the need for improvement in science.

Major as though the scientific developments may be, they also bring about a number of demerits that require viable soulutions. Devastating impacts on the environment are the first downturn to name. The excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, mass deforestation, dynamite fishing and so on are typically responsible for damages imposed on the planet. Another disadvantage is the potential job losses, besides the job opportunities created. Farmers may be more prone to be out of work, as the modernized machines and tools have acted as a more efficient workforce.

In conclusion, although scientific enhancements may be beneficiary economically and socially, they may also create challenges in the enviroment protection, as well as in the job security.