https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge Chapter 12 Focus Questions en-us 2018-11-19 23:27:39 UTC 2018-11-20 03:43:29 UTC hello@padlet.com brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306152942 Efforts to educate children in the United States began Boston in the year if 1829. This is when the Perkins School for The Blind was established. At the time it was only known as being the residential school. Hellen Keller was their most famous graduate. She set a new standard for the blind and what people in this culture/ community can do. In 1834 Louis Braille created the braille system. In 1900 classes for the blind were organized in public schools. As time progressed students began to navigate from residential schools to neighborhood school. When PL 94-142 was passed access to public education for those with visual impairments increased. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:31:00 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306152942 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153131 The legal definition of Blindness is: sets of physical standard of sight at less than 20/200. This means that one cant see with vision correction at 20 feet what the typical person can see at 200 feet. 

]]> 2018-11-19 23:32:10 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153131 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153283 Causes of Visual Impairments can be hereditary, infectious diseases, cancer, injuries, premature birth, and various environmental factors. Typical Causes of visual impairments in the United States include: Cortical impairment, retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia, Albinism, Optic atrophy and Cogenital infection. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:33:07 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153283 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153338 After conducting a longitudinal study on the development on children with visual impairments these findings were discovered:  60% of the children being observed had additional disabilities.
In the information processing model we can see the emotional context can support learning and independence or can create fear and learned helplessness. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:33:33 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153338 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153450 Early intervention is so critical for children with visual impairments because most sighted children learn concepts and new things through "accidental learning" from encounters through sight. Visually impaired children wont have the same opportunities such as this. Another concept thats hard for Visually Impaired would be object permanence. The sighted child learns this through sight so the visually impaired child will have to learn this through clear and deliberate instruction. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:34:17 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153450 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153553 Families can support children with visual impairments by acknowledging that they are their child first teachers. Parents and siblings are a key to the childs development. Parents also need to include them in the general family by giving them a major role such as chores. Children with visual impairments gain confidence through exploring their surroundings so being overprotective can limit this. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:35:03 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153553 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153719 To begin with culturally/ linguistic diverse children with visual impairments need instructors that are prepared to guide and assist them. More educators and translators that are bilingual and bi cultural need to be recruited so parents ans educators can be on the same page. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153719 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153920 Educational responses that are needed to address the needs of students with visual impairments would be the Rtl Approach. 
In Tier 1 (Universal) the general ed teacher is knowledgeable about visual impairments and is accompanied by a specialist in the classroom. In Tier 2 (Targeted) The instruction is modified and the areas the student needs more help with are focused on with more time to learn. In the third tier (Intensive) the expanded ore curriculum is the focus. Depending on the child's vision level determines the type of services the receive.]]> 2018-11-19 23:37:42 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306153920 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306154103 Youths with visual impairments face many challenges in transition to the adult world such as employment. Also navigating Vocational rehabilitation and vocational educational supports can be a challenge. ]]> 2018-11-19 23:39:01 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306154103 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306187060 2018-11-20 03:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306187060 brealyngarrison https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306187350 2018-11-20 03:31:52 UTC https://padlet.com/brealyngarrison/w1jdu6861nge/wish/306187350