Week 6 lesson 1 by Usic https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk en-us 2022-02-08 17:58:59 UTC 2022-02-23 16:25:57 UTC hello@padlet.com Group 1 https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058442937 1. idealism:  
identifies and describes metaphysical perspectives which assert that reality is indistinguishable and inseparable from human perception and understanding; that reality is a mental construct closely connected to ideas. Idealist perspectives are in two categories: (i) Subjective idealism, which proposes that a material object exists only to the extent that a human being perceives the object; and (ii) Objective idealism, which proposes the existence of an objective consciousness that exists prior to and independently of human consciousness, thus the existence of the object is independent of human perception.

2. traditional authority: 
Traditional authority (also known as traditional domination) is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that it "has always been that way".

rational-legal authority:
(also known as rational authority, legal authority, rational domination, legal domination, or bureaucratic authority) is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitimacy and bureaucracy.

Charismatic authority: 
a concept of leadership developed by the German sociologist Max Weber. It involves a type of organization or a type of leadership in which authority derives from the charisma of the leader. This stands in contrast to two other types of authority: legal authority and traditional authority. Each of the three types forms part of Max Weber's tripartite classification of authority.

rationalism:
the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge"or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification". More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive".

Bureaucracy:
refers to both a body of non-elected governing officials and to an administrative policy-making group. Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. Today, bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large institution, whether publicly owned or privately owned. The public administration in many jurisdictions and sub-jurisdictions exemplifies bureaucracy, but so does any centralized hierarchical structure of an institution, e.g. hospitals, academic entities, business firms, professional societies, social clubs, etc.

iron cage:
In sociology, the iron cage is a concept introduced by Max Weber to describe the increased rationalization inherent in social life, particularly in Western capitalist societies. The "iron cage" thus traps individuals in systems based purely on teleological efficiency, rational calculation and control.

liberalism:
a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but they generally support individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), democracy, secularism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion and a market economy. Yellow is the political colour most commonly associated with liberalism]]> 2022-02-21 09:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058442937 Group 3 https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058443144 Idealism
The metaphysical view that associates reality to ideas in the mind rather than to material objects. It lays emphasis on the mental or spiritual components of experience, and renounces the notion of material existence.

Different types of Authority

  • Traditional Authority: a popular type of authority in traditional societies, based on the sacredness of tradition.
  • Rational-legal Authority: unbiased rules that have been legally established. Weber considers this legal authority as the main feature of social relations in the modern world.
  • Charismatic: associated with leaders with extraordinary personalities who could influence people.

Rationalism
The theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth and the socialist trend of thought is typical of rationalism.

Bureaucracy
Max Weber's Bureaucratic Theory claims that the best way to run an organization is to structure it into a hierarchy of people governed by rules and procedures.

Iron Cage
​​A term that highlights the increasing rationalization intrinsic to social life, especially the western capitalist societies. It shows how individuals are trapped in systems or organizations which run on the principles of efficiency, and control. The iron cage of rationality reflects the pressure that builds over us due to both others and ourselves to act and behave in certain ways.

Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law. 






]]> 2022-02-21 09:37:55 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058443144 Group 2 mtsoi4 https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058443223 Idealism: 
ideas and beliefs mold social structure and other material conditions

Different types of authority: 
traditional authority is power that is rooted in traditional, or long-standing, beliefs and practices of a society. It exists and is assigned to particular individuals because of that society’s customs and traditions. Traditional authority is granted to individuals regardless of their qualifications.
 rational-legal authority derives from law and is based on a belief in the legitimacy of a society’s laws and rules and in the right of leaders to act under these rules to make decisions and set policy. Rational-legal authority helps ensure an orderly transfer of power in a time of crisis.
Charismatic authority stems from an individual’s extraordinary personal qualities and from that individual’s hold over followers because of these qualities. Such charismatic individuals may exercise authority over a whole society or only a specific group within a larger society. Charismatic authority can reside in a person who came to a position of leadership because of traditional or rational-legal authority. 

Rationalism: Rationalization refers to the process by which modern society has increasingly become concerned with: Efficiency: achieving the maximum results with a minimum amount of effort. Predictability: a desire to predict what will happen in the future.

Bureaucracy: bureaucracy constitutes the most efficient and rational way in which human activity can be organized and that systematic processes and organized hierarchies are necessary to maintain order, to maximize efficiency, and to eliminate favoritism. The essential characteristics of Weber's bureaucracy are: hierarchy of authority, salaried careers, specialization and technical qualification, and written rules.

Iron cage: In modern society, rationalization casts iron cages, society presents the attribute of machines, and people are regarded as parts of machines, which has become the basic feature of modern system and is summarized as iron cages

Liberalism: Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. The fundamental liberal ideals of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, the separation of church and state, the right to due process and equality under the law are widely accepted as a common foundation of liberalism.
]]> 2022-02-21 09:37:59 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058443223 Group 4 ytse21 https://padlet.com/usictech/w0kkubab3tiv75nk/wish/2058449975 1. Idealism is the metaphysical view that associates reality to ideas in the mind rather than to material objects. It lays emphasis on the mental or spiritual components of experience and renounces the notion of material existence.
 
 2. Founder authority. Founder authority is usually held by the founding member of a group or organization. 
 Ownership authority. 
 Punitive authority. 
 Relational authority. 
 Reward authority. 
 Results authority. 
 Expert authority. 
 Reverent authority.
 
 3. rationalism, in Western philosophy, is the view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. Holding that reality itself has an inherently logical structure, the rationalist asserts that a class of truths exists that the intellect can grasp directly.
 
 4. Definition of bureaucracy
 1a: a body of non-elected government officials. b: an administrative policy-making group. 2: government characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority. 3: a system of administration marked by officialism, red tape, and proliferation.
 
 5. In sociology, the iron cage is a concept introduced by Max Weber to describe the increased rationalization inherent in social life, particularly in Western capitalist societies. The "iron cage" thus traps individuals in systems based purely on teleological efficiency, rational calculation and control.
 
 6. Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. ... Liberals also ended mercantilist policies, royal monopolies and other barriers to trade, instead promoting free trade and marketization.
 


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