Different Transducers in Ultrasound by Tringa Krasniqi

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-06 15:19:47 UTC

Mechanical transducers produce a sector image.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-16 16:05:03 UTC

Mechanical transducers are made utilizing a single piezoelectric crystal. The picture is triangular in shape and is called a sector scan.

A few points about mechanical transducers:

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 05:53:41 UTC

Have a fixed focal depth.
The PZT crystal is physically moved to create the image.
When the PZT crystal is damaged the entire image is lost.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 06:00:29 UTC

The beam is steered and focused using an electrical technique called phasing. The sound beam is steered without the use of moving parts. Phased arrays are adjustable and multi-focus.

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More information on linear phased array transducers:

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Erratic steering and focusing
Electronic steering and focusing
If there is a slope, then the sound beam is steering.
If there is a curvature, then the sound beam is focusing.
The face of the transducer is a small square about 1 centimeter on each side.
A linear phased array has no moving parts.
The width of each element is one-fourth to one-half the sound's wavelength.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:04:04 UTC

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:09:55 UTC

A transducer is any device that converts one form of energy into another. Ultrasound transducers have two main functions transmission and reception. Transmission is when electrical energy from the system is converted into sound. Reception is the reflection of a sound pulse that's converted into electricity.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:34:08 UTC

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:38:39 UTC

Frimmel, N. (2022, August 4). Ultrasound 101 - part 1: Transducers. 123 Sonography. https://123sonography.com/blog/ultrasound-101-part-1-transducers

When the crystal is damaged only part of the image is lost and appears as a horizontal (side to side) band of dropout.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:51:24 UTC

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:57:51 UTC

Annular Phased Array Transducers have disc-like active elements. Unlike a single element, the disc has multiple ring-shaped elements that all have a common center. This transducer uses mechanical steering. The inner crystals are the shallowest and are the only information collected.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 07:59:41 UTC

This transducer creates a fan or sector shaped image.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:00:57 UTC

Annular arrays. IMASONIC NDT. (2019, November 25). https://www.imasonic.com/industry/annular-arrays/

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Linear sequential array transducers have a large acoustic footprint and make a rectangular image.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:13:24 UTC

These crystals are larger than the ones found in the linear phased array transducers. The width is about 1 wavelength, the arrays are up to 10 centimeters long.

Linear sequential transducers have a small group of crystals that are fired simultaneously to create each sound beam. These beams are parallel to each other.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:15:42 UTC

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:17:18 UTC

Linear Arrays. (n.d.). https://www.ob-ultrasound.net/lineararrays.html

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:20:33 UTC

When the crystal is damaged a portion of the image is lost and appears as a vertical dropout.

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tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:27:41 UTC

Murphy, A. (2020, March 31). Linear Array: Radiology Reference Article. Radiopaedia. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/linear-array?lang=us

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:28:40 UTC

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:29:28 UTC

Sonosite C60 curved array probe. AME. (n.d.). https://ameultrasounds.com/products/sonosite-c60-curved-array-probe

Vector Array Transducer creates a trapezoid shape image.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:32:33 UTC

The curved array transducers information:

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:47:58 UTC

They have 120 to 250 rectangular-shaped strips of PZT material side by side in a curved line.
The acoustic footprint can be as big as 10 centimeters long.
This transducer has large arrays.
Some but NOT ALL of the crystals are fired at the same time to create each beam. They are fired in different directions as they leave the transducer.

Image

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:48:33 UTC

Curved Array Transducers create a blunted sector-shaped image.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:50:20 UTC

If the PZT crystal gets damaged only a portion of the image would be lost. That would be directly below the broken crystal and would appear as a band dropout from top to bottom of the image.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 08:57:27 UTC

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 09:02:34 UTC

Vector array transducers are electronically steered and focused.

tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 09:03:24 UTC

The vector array is a combination of linear sequential and linear phased array technologies.

Vector also called virtual sector

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tkrasniqi02_ — 2023-11-21 09:11:45 UTC

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2023-11-22 15:52:55 UTC

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2023-11-27 14:17:29 UTC