(Henry Ford’s Model-T (1917). The Model-T was the first mass produced car in America, that was cheap enough for an average citizen to buy. This allowed to the average American a new way of transportation that was quicker and more efficient than past methods. )

(Ford Motor Company assembly line. The workers seen here are in one step of the assembly line process. Assembly lines were used to their full potential by Henry Ford, and brought the cost of each car down to an affordable price.)

Info Source: US History.org Online Textbook (Date accessed: 12/5/17)

Here is a picture of a KKK cross lighting. The Klan burned crosses on hillsides or near the homes of those they wished to intimidate.

Immigrants coming to the United States from Southern and Eastern Europe, waiting to get on a train and explore a new world to them

     The younger generation, typically women, often ran away from traditional values, known as flappers. Flappers wanted social and economic independence. They would cut their hair shoulder length, wear knee high dresses/skirts, high heels, and excessive amounts of makeup. Many women did as they pleased, and celebrated in the moment as a female declaration of independence. 

 The Flapper movement was one of the first movements where we can see a similar style in what we see today. It was a big change and separated new vs old culture. Just as we have seen throughout periods of history, culture is always evolving and some may not agree with the new ways, while others are born into and embrace it.
(ushistory.org 12/6/2017)

(left a young Flapper woman, right an elder Victorian woman.) The older woman takes the cigarette from a younger woman’s hand and puts it out on the ground, as disapproval. The older women of the time, who grew up in The Victorian Age, disagree with the new Flapper style; short skirts, heels, bobbed hair, worn makeup, smoked, listened to jazz and flashed their attitude. While women from The Victorian Age worn long skirts (often hoop skirts), long sleeves, corsets, proper, and lady like ways, all to show their wealth. A drastic change in style and attitude between the two.

Louis Armstrong (above) became a very famous Jazz musician of the 1920’s. Widely known as one of the best trumpeters in history. He moved to New York from New Orleans and shaped the Jazz movement with the focus on solo performances with his trumpet, and not just his vocals. Jazz became a musical movement in the 20’s and is still a very influential sound for artist today. 

 The Jazz age and the Roaring 20s, a time of great change, brought about many new fads and trends. Entertaining fads ranging from athletics to unconventional activities were used as their coping mechanism during that time due to their being a remaining feeling of uncertainty after the Great War. The radio, which created live and immediate communication for the public is accredited with creating nationwide fads. The biggest fad among women during the roaring 20s was wanting to be a flapper. Flappers were young, western women in the 1920 who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and challenged social traditions of the time. Another fad among young women was beauty pageants. The first Miss America Pageant was held in Atlantic city in 1921. Another major fad that swept the nation was dance marathons. Dance marathons consisted of contestants dancing to primarly jazz music for 45 minutes and resting for 15 minutes. The marathons were Americans way of proving their youthful agility. As a result new dance steps were brought about in dance halls such as the Charleston and the Fox Trot. The longest dance marathons lasted 36 hours or more. One of the more unconventional fads was flagpole sitting. The object was to be the person to sit atop their local flagpole for the longest period of time. Other fads during the roaring 20s included sports, such as football and basketball, a Chinese tile game, crossword puzzles which were created by Richard Leo Simon and Max Lincoln Schuster, book clubs which drew thousands of readers into literary circles, news magazines which had compelling writing on timely stories along with eye-catching pictures, and motion pictures were a popular form of entertainment. Fads were forms of enjoyable distractions as well as finding heroes to look up to as role models.
(Ushistory.org, 12/6/17)

[Fifteen year old, Avon Foreman, from Baltimore set the amateur standard of sitting atop a flagpole for ten days, ten hours, and ten seconds. He was applauded by an audience of close to 4000 people as he came down from atop the pole.]  

       Man O War was the greatest racehorse of 1920 and is still considered one of the greatest of all time. He set several world records and propelled his jockeys Johnny Loftus and Clarence Kummer as well as his trainer Louis Feustel into the spotlight. He was owned by Samuel Riddle. He lost only one race in his two year career, fittingly to a colt named Upset. He was the Unofficial Horse of the Year of 1920 and was honored alongside Babe Ruth by the New York Times.
(Ushistory.org, 12/6/17)

[Man O War winning the Belmont Stakes in world record time of 2:14 1/5th for a mile and 3/8ths. This record stood as the American record until 1961 and the American dirt record until 1991.] 
       
       Babe Ruth was an extremely popular sports star throughout the 1920s. He set several records and helped the Yankees to the World Series four times. He was idolized by baseball fans all around the nation and is still one of the greatest players of all time.

 No sports star, however, gained as much admiration as Charles Lindbergh. He was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic and the first to fly nonstop from mainland America to mainland Europe. Important national and international news was pushed to the back pages of the newspaper so that his exploits would be granted a spot on the front page.

       Fads and Heroes caused many people to be interested and excited about many different topics such as Jazz and sports. New information was displayed on posters/flyers and radio stations. These were the main ways of broadcasting information for people to hear. Not only did this benefit famous people in Jazz and sports and people listening to the radio stations and looking at the flyers, it benefited those who put out the flyers and presented different stories about people in Jazz and people in sports.

(Ushistory.org 12/6/17)

The rise of national broadcasting and radio in general changed the way americans communicate and view society due to its national scale, low cost, and money making potential. While radio existed before World War 1 it was greatly improved by Frank Conrad which made it possible for radio to become national. It became national when Conrad announced on his radio station that Warren G. Harding had defeated James Cox in the 1920 presidential election, after this the federal government gave the station the call letters of KDKA and the radio industry began. One of the driving causes for the growth of the radio industry was its low cost, in order to listen to radio one would only need to buy the necessary equipment, the radio waves themselves were free. This meant that radio stations made their money by selling ad time in their programs, by the end of the 1920’s an hour of premium time cost over $10,000 dollars. The low cost, scale, and profitability of radio has brought it to the forefront of American society and changed our communication and views on society.

(pintrest.com, 
The National Broadcasting Company, better known as NBC, was America’s first radio network. The creation of NBC meant that people from California and New York, for the first time, could listen to the same program at the same time. Things like sports, fashion, fads, and trends became national rather than regional.

 

(padbook2.libraries.psu.edu, 12/5/17)

The KDKA, kicked off on Christmas Eve 1906 with a dotted and dashed broadcast, became the first commercial radio station in 1920. The KDKA had such a large impact on society that it inspired many other companies to invest in a radio station of their own. (pbs.org, 12/16/17)

This is a picture of a flapper wearing short dress and smoking to fit the new social breaking styles. These new styles were forbidden in society at the time. 

The automobile completely changed the traditional way of dating. With their new found freedom, teenagers were now able to freely move around without the supervision of a parent. (1.bp.blogspot.com 12/6/17)

Buses led both female and males to have an easier access to school, which led to an enhanced education and a better school environment.  (https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c1/21/98/c12198b0ea77c2e89752190aa73db714.jpg ,12/6/17).

 

In 1920, Republican Senator Warren G.Harding of Ohio was elected to win the presidency. Harding campaigned on the promised of a “return to normalcy” ably described American politics for the entire period. Harding was convicted of fraud and bribery plagued the Veterans Bureau and the Justice Department. Meanwhile, Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall was at the center of the Teapot Dome Scandal because Albert was accepting bribes which was allowing private oil companies to lease public lands. Harding was not directly involved with the corruption, and fell ill then died in office in August 2,1923.  (ushistory.org 12/6/17)

Warren Gamaliel Harding was the 29th President of United Sates (left) with his original Cabinet, including Albert Fall (second from the right) who was the center of the Teapot Dome Scandal in 1921.

After Warren G. Harding’s death vice president Calvin Coolidge took over the office. During his term has president Coolidge cleaned up the scandals left behind from Harding and sustained pro business policies. Activist Presidents were looked down upon by the Progressives, trying to preserve common citizens interest. This provoked Robert M. “fighting bob” La Follete to run for presidency under the Progressive party, which ended in failure. The election of 1928 was quite absorbing. The democratic party nominated Al Smith the first catholic to run under a major party. Al Smith turned heads with his blunt disapproval of the prohibition amendment, which was the prohibition of the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors. Subsequently the South no longer favored the Democrats and supported Hoover to win the presidency for the Republicans. The death of Harding did not change America because the pro business policy stayed the same and the Republicans took office for the third consecutive time. (ushistory.org 12/6/17)

Herbert Hoover was the 31st President of the united states. He attended Stanford University when it first opened in 1891. After graduating Stanford Hoover became a multi-million dollar businessman.

America had two main goals after World War 1, which were to make sure another war with this level of destruction never happened again and also to get every nation back to a stable economic standpoint. President Harding accomplished this by getting  England and Japan to agree, along with the U.S., to the Washington Naval Conference. This agreement froze the naval build up in the Asian Pacific in order to relieve tensions. The way America tried to get every country stable, economically speaking, is by loaning more money to Germany who could then pay the Allies who would give the money right back to America. The U.S. government also decided to pass the Dawes Plan which extended Germany’s time period to pay reparations for the war. Nearly every country on the planet had a terrible economy after the war and these programs America implemented allowed most of them to regain stability within 10 years. (ushistory.org 12/6/17)

 

The Result: Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 

 

 

Clarence Darrow (left) a prominent lawyer who defended many protesters who violated the sedition laws, and William Jennings(Right) a Democrat politician who opposed Darwinism. At the monkey trails.

Health records indicate a decrease in alcoholism and alcohol-related diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver. So an advantage or positive thing was that alcohol usage decreased an also stop harming bodies with diseases such as the liver. People were getting better an healthier because of alcohol usage decreasing (ushistory.org 12/6/17)
Disadvantages to Prohibition 
The Act was not efficient because the use of alcohol for medical reasons and small amounts were allowed to be made for medical reasons as well. Places such as Near Beer that made non alcohol beer was were able to keep alcohol and have a reason for it. The number of people drinking were lowering but drinks had gotten stronger and people begin to binge drink. 

Volstead Act was enacted to carry out the intent of the 18th Amendment, which established prohibition in the United States.

Near beer is beer with little or no alcohol content , which aims to reproduce the taste of beer without the of inebriating effects of standard alcoholic brews. Most low-alcohol beers are lagers, but there are some low-alcohol ales.(dictionary.com 12/6/17)
Speakeasies is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages. Such establishments came into prominence in the United States during the Prohibition era.(dictionary.com 12/6/17)

The group of people that benefited the most from prohibition of alcohol are the mobs. Many city bosses like Al Capone would force the average business man to pay them for protection because of the major turf wars the mobs were having. Many police workers would buy alcohol from the mob and these protection they could buy. They would call this bootlegging or bootleggers. They would eventually catch mobsters like Al Capone, but they could never catch them selling alcohol or selling anything illegal, they would catch them on tax evasion. That's how they would catch Al Capone.  (ushistroy.org 12/6/17)

This is Al Capone one of the most famous of all time who sold products and imitated people into buying protection
(google.com/images 12/6/17)

Rum running/bootlegging, was the system used to transport alcoholic beverages secretly since it was by law illegal. Main goal was used to fight around the ideals of paying taxes and distance from prohibition laws in surrounding areas. (google.com/images 12/6/17)

There were also many new technological inventions during this time such as the washing machine, vacuum, electric refrigerators, and irons brought working time down to a minimum. This meant that women had more time on their hands to do leisurely activities. Supermarkets were also beginning to be introduced at this time. So many items in one store saved hours of walking and searching. (ushistory.org)

(1906) This is the first electric vacuum cleaner. The vacuum was invented by Hubert Cecil Booth and weighed 100 lb. The vacuum was extremely expensive at the time. Booth later came out with much cheaper and smaller hoover vacuums. 

(encyclopedia.com)

Advertisements during this time were not unheard of but they did become far more aggressive. Such as larger advertisements on buildings, advertisements during movies, and the more popular radio broadcast. However, there was now a competition for the best advertisement and who can get the most money in the least amount of time. They did this by not only “listening” to the demand of products but they created a demand for products.

With the creation of the credit card the concept of "buy now pay later" was widespread during the roaring 20’s. All the thing that were once too expensive could be bought and paid for overtime in small installments. The Installment plan was also offered to home-buyers with the same concept; those who could not afford the full lump sum could pay it off over “12 easy Payments”. (ushistory.org)

Hundreds of Model T cars being put together on an assembly line and the end products. The assembly line allowed the prices of these cars to drastically decrease because more cars could be produced in a shorter span of time at less cost. This makes cars possible for middle class people to purchase instead of only the upper classes.
(nydailynews.com)