ESP GEL NIKAIAS - GREECE

Hakkari Anatolian High School/Türkiye

Rojbin

Anja

Westfalen-Kolleg Bielefeld

Germay

In the novel, Carl Friedrich Gauss grows up in poor circumstances under the excellent care of his mother. His image of women is therefore strongly influenced by his mother. Gauss receives a scholarship from the Duke of Brunswick thanks to his good performance at school. As he finds it difficult to get on with less intelligent people, he spends most of his time alone and devotes himself to mathematics in this self-imposed isolation. His poor circumstances force him to take up the profession of a surveyor. In the process, he meets his future wife, Johanna. At the same time, he completes his life's work, the „Disquisitiones Arithmeticae“. He also runs an observatory, which provides him with financial security. Completely absorbed in his work, he misses the birth of his first son. When his wife Johanna dies during his third pregnancy, Gauss marries her best friend Minna to give his children a mother. In the meantime, he is entrusted with the supervision of the Kingdom of Westphalia, where he is assisted by his son Eugen.

During his work, he repeatedly comes into conflict with Eugen, whom he considers to be a limited good-for-nothing.

In 1828, Professor Gauss travels with Eugen from Göttingen to Berlin. After intensive endeavours by Humboldt, Gauß accepts Humboldt's invitation to the German Naturalists' Congress.

Gauss listens to his host's lecture on the cosmos in the large hall of the ‘Sing-Akademie’ designed by Schinkel and is introduced to the city's high society. He is not used to such large gatherings and leaves the meeting prematurely before he can be introduced to the king. While the mathematician exchanges life experiences and research with his host in his flat in the city centre and discusses the true nature of science, Eugen leaves the house after repeated insults from his father and is arrested by the police during a secret student meeting. Humboldt can persuade the gendarmerie commander to release Eugene after initially failing due to Gauss's undiplomatic intervention. Eugen is forced to leave the country.

The novel also deals with Alexander von Humboldt's travels, but I was particularly interested in the portrayal of an important German mathematician. I think that the subject of maths is too rarely included in literature.

Anja

Westfalen-Kolleg Bielefeld

Germany

Hasan Akın Anatolian High School

In his work, Evliya Çelebi provides unique insights into 17th-century Ottoman geography, the Turkish language and dialects of the period, and the general state of the places he visited, including their geographical location, history, people, language, religion, clothing, arts, and daily life. The Seyahatname also covers topics such as history, comparative geography, art history, and ethnography. It provides details on Muslim and non-Muslim relations in Ottoman society, the daily lives of non-Muslim communities, their economic and cultural conditions, population, places of worship, beliefs, legends, folk songs, folk poetry, oral traditions, fairy tales, proverbs, regional dialects, folk dances, clothing, weddings, entertainment, social interactions, arts, and crafts.

Additionally, the book extensively describes the architectural features of various structures, including houses, mosques, small mosques (mescids), fountains, inns, palaces, mansions, baths, churches, monasteries, towers, castles, fortifications, roads, and synagogues, along with details about their construction dates, restorations, architects, patrons, and renovators. It also provides rich information on the culinary culture of different regions, as well as details about local governance, notable families, prominent figures, poets, performers, and officials at various levels of the Ottoman administration.

Ottoman cuisine researcher Marianna Yerasimos notes that the Seyahatname mentions 44 types of pilaf, 40 soups, 23 spices, 90 fish species, 80 types of grapes, 27 varieties of pears, and nearly 50 different types of bread.

Yonca

Hasan Akın Anatolian High school

Hasan Akın Anatolian High School

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Girls Anatolian High School

Türkiye

Alberto Berlanga Spain

JOSÉ MANUEL RODRÍGUEZ BARRIOS

IES CANTELY

SPAIN

Helena Durán

IES Cantely, Spain

GASSIN

Pablo Cabral, IES CANTELY, GASSIN.

Alberto Berlanga Spain

ÁLVARO MARTÍN ORTEGA

IES CANTELY

SPAIN

This novel tells the adventures of Professor Pierre Aronnax, his assistant Conseil, and the harpooner Ned Land, who are captured by Captain Nemo aboard the submarine Nautilus. They travel the oceans, exploring places like Atlantis, the South Pole, and battling giant squid.

The book is related to biology and geology because it explores the world's seas and oceans and also discusses marine creatures and ocean ecosystems.

n the end, Elizabeth and Darcy marry, but not because it's expected by society. They marry because they have overcome their prejudices and have learned to love each other for who they really are, not for their appearances or social differences. The story concludes with a reflection on personal growth and the value of being honest with oneself and with others.

EVA MARÍA JURADO BENITEZ, IES CANTELY, GASSIN

It's a novel set in the dreams of a boy, Robert, who, like many people, doesn't like mathematics because he doesn't fully understand it. But one night he dreams of a demon who tries to introduce him to the science of numbers.

Hugo Vera, IES Cantely, Spain GASSIN

The book is a way to learn about the Russian Revolution. The animals represent different people from history. For example, the pig named Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union.

Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet practiced classical English and explored universal themes like love and destiny.

Megan F, IES Cantely GASSIN

Rodrigo Cruz

IES Cantely

This subject (history) is essential for understanding war events, their causes, and consequences. "Acts of War" can refer to specific conflicts, so studying the history of those conflicts will help you understand the context and decisions that led to the war.

Noa Del Valle Cuevas

IES CANTELY

Spain

Víctor [GASSIN] I.ES CANTELY

SPAIN

Melvin Sánchez

IES Cantely, Spain

Paula ruiz murillo

Ies cantely 4d

“La Regenta” is a Spanish novel by Leopoldo Alas Clarín . It tells the story of Ana Ozores, a young woman stuck in a cold marriage. She feels lonely and unhappy in the conservative city of Vetusta. Two men, a priest and a nobleman, try to win her love, leading to scandal and tragedy. The novel criticizes the hypocrisy of society and explores Ana’s inner struggles.

Laura Romano Fernnadez Sapin GASSIN

The story is about two women, Fortunata and Jacinta, who love the same man, Juanito Santa Cruz. Jacinta is Juanito’s wife, and Fortunata is his lover. The book talks about love, lies, and problems in society.

It is one of the most important books in Spanish literature and shows life in Madrid in the 19th century.

Carla del Rocio Fornet bizcocho , IES Cantely , Seville , Dos hermanas , 4D

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Anatolian İmam Hatip High School

ES Rainha Dona Leonor, Portugal

Portugal

As we walk down Rua da Misericórdia, we see the Church of São Roque, built by the people in 1506. This temple hosted the sermons of Father Antônio Vieira, whose statue is in front of the church. At the time of Eça de Queiroz, as well as during the period in which Os Maias took place, this place was an important religious landmark.

We then went down to Rossio Square, where the Teatro Nacional D. Maria II is located, a building constructed by Almeida Garrett. This theater was a frequent meeting point for the Portuguese nobility and bourgeoisie, social classes to which Eça de Queiroz and the characters in Os Maias belong. Thus, the theater emerges as a symbol of the refined life and social conventions of the time, representing the lifestyle of the Mayan family and the environment in which their stories unfold.

Rossio Square and its surroundings are important places in the life and work of Eça de Queiroz. The writer's parents lived on the fourth floor of Café Nicola, where Eça lived and wrote several works. In the fiction, it is there that Carlos da Maia opens his first practice. The café was a meeting point for writers of the time.

Further down, on Rua da Misericórdia, is Tavares, one of the oldest cafés in the city, which has been transformed into a luxury restaurant. It was there that the lunches of the characters of Os Maias, in fiction, and of Eça de Queiroz with his friends from the generation of the seventies, in reality, took place.

On Rua Garrett, we find the oldest bookstore in the world still in operation. Many 19th century authors passed through this space, including Eça de Queiroz himself, whose works made this period a landmark in the history of Portuguese literature. The bookstore remains a symbol of the literary tradition that influenced and shaped the thought and writing of the time.

Founded in 1846, the Grêmio Literário was an important intellectual center where writers, such as Eça de Queiroz, discussed ideas. The unique environment of this space influenced the social criticism present in Eça's works, particularly in Os Maias. To this day, the Guild remains a symbol of Portuguese literary culture.

Eça de Queiroz located the Casa de Maria Eduarda on the current Rua Ivens, where her supposed residence was located. It was in this place that the romantic encounter with Carlos da Maia began, which led to the outcome of the romance.

The Trindade Theater was the place where a major turning point in Carlos' story occurred. It was there that he, at the invitation of João da Ega, who is the author's projection, met a gentleman who informed him about his mother's safe, and it is there that Ega learns about Carlos' incest with Maria Eduarda.

We then continued on to the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos, inaugurated by Prince Regent D. João, which was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake. Built as a court theater, it also became the first public theater, accessible to any citizen who paid an entrance fee. This theater was also the setting for the first meeting between Pedro da Maia and Maria Monforte in Os Maias.

We left the theater and went straight to the Eça de Queiroz monument, inaugurated in 1903 in Lisbon, to honor the great realist writer. The statue presents the writer together with a real image reflecting on his eagerness to portray reality for his readers.

The Hotel Central is mentioned in several novels by Eça de Queiroz. Located near the pier, it represented both the sophistication and decadence of Lisbon's high society in the 19th century. Unfortunately, the hotel was under construction, which prevented us from getting a closer look.

The Aterro was the place where the characters from Os Maias used to walk or reflect. It was on one of Carlos's walks that he met Maria Eduarda.

We left the Santos train station and went straight to President Arriaga Street, where we came across the first palace on our route.

We then head to Rua das Janelas Verdes, where we find the second Palácio do Ramalhete, with its yellow walls, where the singer Madonna lived.

After visiting the two Ramalhetes of Santos, we took a pleasant walk to Alcântara, where, a little ahead of the train station, we found the third Ramalhete Palace. This is located on Rua 1º de Maio, below the Ponte 25 de Abril. Thus, we conclude our journey through 19th century Lisbon.

Alexandre Vilhena

Diogo Serra

Guilherme Estabile

Rainha D Leonor/ Portugal

The idea of ​​geosynchronous orbiting satellites — satellites that remain fixed over the same point on Earth — first emerged in an article written by Arthur C. Clarke in the 1940s. In 2001: A Space Odyssey, this technology was already part of the backdrop of the futuristic world of the story. The vision became reality: today, these satellites are indispensable for TV, the internet, military communications and navigation systems such as GPS. What was once a theoretical hypothesis has become global infrastructure.

Before there was Siri, Alexa, or ChatGPT, there was HAL 9000 — the intelligent computer from 2001: A Space Odyssey. With voice, reason, and even emotions, HAL was one of the first realistic representations of an AI, and inspired generations of scientists to think about both the potential and the risks of thinking machines.

João Mendes, Lourenço Ferreira

ES Rainha Dona Leonor, Portugal

The movie, though, has to keep things simpler and more visual. It focuses more on Paul’s journey and the big conflicts, making the story faster and easier to follow. Characters like Baron Harkonnen (the main antagonist) are more straightforward, and the political sides are easier to tell apart. Although in the book, he has more layers of personality adding to the already sinister vibe that the film gives us.

In short, the book invites readers to think and imagine, while the movie is more about the action and visual experience — both great in their own way.

Francisco A. - Henrique S. - João S. - João C.

Escola Secundária Rainha Dona Leonor

Portugal

Hamlet is the main character in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet.

Prince of Denmark, the son of the late King Hamlet and Queen Gertrude.

We have talked about Shakespeare’s Hamlet in our school's etwinning team in our English class. This is our Powerpoint presentation that we used in our class to connect literature with a school subject, English.

Bilge Bekci,

Esad Özgür,

Yusuf Emir,

Ahmet Furkan,

Abbud,

Ebubekir Talha,

Hazım

Halit Evin Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi, Türkiye

This is a PowerPoint presentation about Romeo and Juliet. We have talked about this tragedy in our class and we had a pop quiz about it to connect literature with a school subject, English

Bilge Bekci,

Esad Özgür,

Yusuf Emir,

Ahmet Furkan,

Abbud,

Ebubekir Talha,

Hazım

Halit Evin Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi, Türkiye

Bilge Bekci,

Esad Özgür,

Yusuf Emir,

Ahmet Furkan,

Abbud,

Ebubekir Talha,

Hazım

Halit Evin Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi, Türkiye

The character wears burnt clothes with flames inside the holes, symbolizing the "astro que flameja" (a star that burns inside) mentioned in the poem, showing the inner fire and intensity of the poet. The golden crown represents being "rei do Reino de Aquém e de Além-Dor" (king of the Kingdom of This Side and Beyond Pain), showing the poet’s noble but painful position. The wings and red claws refer to "garras e asas de condor", suggesting strength and freedom. The musical notes show how the poet sings her feelings to the world, as in "dizê-lo cantando a toda a gente".

Finally, the group of people, drawn simpler and smaller, highlights how the poet rises above them, as expressed in the verse "ser maior do que os homens" (to be greater than men).

Margarida & Filipa, Portugal

Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves creating systems capable of learning, making decisions, and solving problems autonomously. Machine learning, a subset of AI, enables systems to improve over time by recognizing patterns in data without explicit programming. Examples include facial recognition and autonomous driving. As AI advances, ethical questions emerge regarding responsibility, consciousness, and the creator’s accountability for a machine's actions.

Connection between Literature and Computer Science
"Frankenstein" resonates with modern concerns in AI and machine learning, as both explore the implications of creating intelligent beings. Victor Frankenstein's creation mirrors the ethical dilemmas faced by today's developers of autonomous AI, such as the consequences of losing control over creations. Shelley's work anticipates modern concerns about AI autonomy, the potential for alienation, and the moral responsibility of creators, highlighting the dangers of pushing scientific and technological boundaries without considering their ethical impact.

Portugal

One Italian author who explores language in a creative and symbolic way is Italo Calvino, especially in his book “The Castle of Crossed Destinies”. In this novel, the characters cannot speak and use tarot cards to tell their stories. This is a unique form of communication — structured, symbolic, and visual — just like programming languages in computer science.

In computer science, we use specific codes and syntax to “communicate” with machines. A program, like a story, must be written carefully to be understood. Both Calvino’s book and computer programming show how meaning can be built using symbols, whether they are words, images, or code.

So, Italian literature and computer science both deal with how information is created, shared, and interpreted. They show us that communication, whether human or digital, always requires structure, creativity, and understanding.

The intricate relationship between “literature” and “history” is one of mutual influence, reflection, and expression. While history records events and the progress of societies over time, literature captures the “emotions, ideas, and human experiences” behind those events.

1.       Literature as a Reflection of History

Literary works often serve as mirrors of the societies from which they emerge. They document not only events, but also the “spirit of the age”—its values, conflicts, and cultural atmosphere. For example, Charles Dickens’ novels such as Oliver Twist and Hard Times offer deep insight into the realities of 19th-century industrial England, shedding light on child labor, poverty, and class inequality.

2.       Literature as a Historical Source

Historians often use literature as a primary source to understand past cultures, especially when official records are scarce or biased. Diaries, poems, and novels reveal the private lives, fears, and hopes of people across time. For example, during the Harlem Renaissance, writers such as Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston captured the struggles and pride of Black Americans in early 20th-century United States, helping historians understand the cultural movement from an insider perspective.

 3.       History Inspires Literature

At the same time, history has long inspired literature. Authors use real events as starting points for storytelling, dramatizing history to explore its deeper human consequences. In war literature, for example, writers like Erich Maria Remarque in “All Quiet on the Western Front” and Ernest Hemingway in “For Whom the Bell Tolls” use historical wars as backdrops to reflect on the horror, futility, and psychological cost of conflict.

 Historical fiction is an entire genre built upon this relationship. Writers like Hilary Mantel, Leo Tolstoy, and Chinua Achebe have used historical settings to explore political, social, and philosophical themes, blending imagination with reality.

Conclusion

 The relationship between literature and history is both dynamic and essential. Literature makes history more vivid and relatable, turning events into human stories, while history gives literature depth and context. Together, they form a powerful tool for understanding the past and engaging with the present.

STELIOS EVANGELINOS

ESP GEL PIRAUES - GREECE

Throughout its turbulent history, Greece has endured occupation, dictatorship, and internal conflict. In each period of oppression, Greek literature emerged as a powerful tool of resistance. From ancient drama to 20th-century poetry, Greek writers have continuously used words to preserve identity, confront tyranny, and inspire collective defiance.

1.      Resistance in World War II Literature

The Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1944) sparked an extraordinary wave of literary resistance. Writers responded not only to the physical violence of war but to the spiritual struggle of maintaining dignity under foreign rule. Poetry became the chief mode of expression, due to its emotional impact and its ability to be memorized and shared even in secret.

 Odysseas Elytis’s «Heroic and Elegiac Song for the Lost Second Lieutenant of the Albanian Campaign» honored the Greek soldiers who fought fascism and became a national symbol of resistance. Similarly, Yannis Ritsos’s «Epitaphios», inspired by a photograph of a grieving mother during a worker's protest, became a lyrical cry against oppression.

2.      Resistance Against the Junta: Poetry in Exile

The military dictatorship (1967–1974) in Greece saw literature once again assume a subversive role. Writers were exiled, imprisoned, or censored, but they continued to produce works that criticized authoritarianism and mourned the loss of democratic freedoms. Yannis Ritsos, a lifelong leftist, continued to write from exile, producing thousands of poems, many of which subtly alluded to repression and resilience .

 George Seferis, a Nobel laureate, made a rare public statement against the junta in 1969, stating, “This anomaly must end”. His words echoed throughout Greece and emboldened the democratic movement. Literature became the lifeblood of resistance, preserving truth in the face of propaganda.

ESP GEL OF PIRAEUS - GREECE

literature and geography can work as a team

geography shows real places

literature tells stories in these places

when they join, we learn about the world and feel emotions

examples

around the world in 80 days – a journey to many countries

the little prince – travels between planets with meaning

the odyssey – a sea journey across real and mythical lands

heidi – life in the swiss alps and mountain nature

LİNA

TÜRKİYE- İSTANBUL

ŞEHREMİNİ ANADOLU LİSESİ

Hatice Şehremini Anadolu lisesi, TÜRKİYE

History and literature are strongly connected. History tells us what happened in the past, while literature helps us understand how people might have lived and felt during those times. When we combine both, we get a fuller picture of the past.

Literature Makes History Feel Real

Literature helps bring history to life. Through stories, we see what it might have been like to live in another time. We can learn how people thought, what they feared, and what they hoped for. This helps us connect to history in a more personal way.

Writers Use History for Ideas

Many writers use the past as inspiration. They take events or time periods and build stories around them. These stories often explore how those events affected people’s lives. Even if the characters are made up, the emotions and situations can feel very real.

Literature Helps Us Understand the Past

Literature can also help us see history from different points of view. It sometimes shows voices that are not heard in textbooks. It helps us think more deeply about what happened, why it happened, and what it meant for different people.

Conclusion

History and literature work well together. History gives us the facts, and literature helps us understand the human side. By studying both, we learn not just about events, but about the people who lived through them.

Aziz Y.

Şehremini Anatolian High School

İstanbul/Türkiye

For example, when you visit a place, describing it in drawings rather than writing makes it more memorable.

Painters chose to express their feelings in drawings rather than writing.

Sümeyra

Şehremini Anadolu Lisesi

TÜRKİYE

This movie shows that art is not just a visual production but also a way to tell a story. Her pictures tell about her inner world. Those pictures function as visual literature, which shows the emotions of the character.

At the same time, this movie talks about an artist's life in a literary way. So, it turns into a biography. Due to this, literary expression helps to make sense of the pictures.

In conclusion, Big Eyes points out that pictures are not only artworks but also a form of personal expression. That also shows that literature has a visual equivalent.

Beyza Y

ŞEHREMİNİ ANADOLU LİSESİ

TÜRKİYE