KINEMATICS GR10 - STUDY OF MOTION by Lizelle Swanepoel

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Motion is relative to the observer:

The motion or speed of an object may vary according to the observer.
For a person sitting in a moving train, the adjoining seats, nearby window would seem stationary, whereas the trees outside the window would appear to be in motion.

FOUR STATES OF MOTION

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Stationary
Constant velocity
Acceleration
Deceleration

STATES OF MOTION

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An object's state of motion is defined by its VELOCITY.

STATIONARY

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ACCELERATION (POSITIVE)

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CONSTANT VELOCITY

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DECELERATION (NEGATIVE ACCELERATION)

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NOTES

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Work through this PPT

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Application of x,v,a gradient and area under graph

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Worked example:

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POSITION-TIME GRAPHS

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CK12 PLIX - PLAY LEARN INTERACT XPLORE

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REVIEW

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Describe how to make a position-time graph.
What does the slope of a position-time graph represent?
In Graph 1 in the Figure above, what is the object’s average velocity?
Average velocity equals the change in position (represented by Δd) divided by the change in time (represented by Δt).
velocity=Δx/Δt

UNIFORM VELOCITY

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CONSTANT ACCELERATION

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a = +

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UNIFORM NEGATIVE ACCELERATION

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a = -

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Summary

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A velocity-time graph shows changes in velocity of a moving object over time.
The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration of the moving object.

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AREA UNDER v-t GRAPHS

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CK12 SIMULATION - graphs of motion

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ACCELERATION: CAN YOU PERCEIVE IT?

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SUMMARY OF UNIFORM ACCELERATION

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Zero acceleration (stationary of constant velocity)
Positive acceleration
Negative acceleration

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HOMEWORK

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EXERCISE 1.3 (ALL QUESTIONS)

EXAMPLE

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EQUATIONS OF MOTION

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New school

SUMMARY:

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DERIVING 1ST EQUATION

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DERIVING THE 2ND EQUATION

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UAM EQUATIONS (UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION)

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ANSWERS EX 1.3

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Answers - Equations of motion

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Answers - Equations of motion

EXERCISE 2.1

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Please use this to mark your homework.

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EXERCISE 2.2

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HOMEWORK

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END OF CHAPTER EXERCISE TO THE END

ANSWERS

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DEFINITIONS RECAP

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Vector: A physical quantity which has both magnitude (size) and direction.
Scalar: A physical quantity which has magnitude (size) only.
Resultant vector: The single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together.
Distance: Length of path travelled.
Position: Define position relative to a reference point and understand that position can be positive or negative. Know that position is a vector quantity that points from the reference point as the origin.
Displacement: A change in position.
Speed: The rate of change of distance and know that speed is a scalar quantity
Velocity: The rate of change of position or rate of displacement and know that velocity is a vector quantity.
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity.

You must also be able to distinguish between average velocity and instantaneous velocity.

What you need to know for this section (from the SAG’s):

Graphs of Motion
For either horizontal motion or vertical motion with constant acceleration:
- Draw position vs time, velocity vs time and acceleration vs time graphs for one
dimensional motion

Interpret graphs of motion:
Determine the velocity of an object from the gradient of a position (or displacement) vs time graph
Determine the acceleration of an object from the gradient of a velocity vs time graph
Determine the displacement of an object by finding the area under a velocity vs time graph

Equations of Motion
Use equations of motion to solve problems involving either horizontal motion or vertical motion with constant acceleration.

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GRAPHS OF MOTION FOR 4 STATES OF MOTION

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ANALYSIS OF MOTION GRAPHS

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Negative acceleration = deceleration

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TELL A STORY OF THIS GRAPH - what is the state of motion in each section of the graph

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Describe the motion of this graph:

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Acceleration

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We can change the velocity of an object by changing its speed, or its direction, or by changing both its speed and direction. Motion with changing velocity is called accelerated motion. Acceleration is simply tells us how quickly the velocity of an object changes.
We define acceleration as the rate of change in velocity

Example A cyclist changes velocity from 2 m.s-1 to 10 m.s-1 in 4 seconds. What is her acceleration?vi = 2 m.s-1vf = 10 m.s-1∆t = 4 sa = ? Solution: m.s-2

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TICKER TAPES

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