https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j By : Nelson Mandela en-us 2019-11-12 19:39:27 UTC 2026-03-16 21:21:16 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f600.png aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428229494 Nelson (Rolihlahla) Mandela was born July 18th,1918. He was born in Mvezo, South Africa which was a small village on the bank of a river in the district of Umtata. His name Rolihlahla has a weird story behind it, on page 7, Nelson states, "The only thing my father bestowed upon me from birth was my birth name Rolihlah. In Xhosa Rolihlahla literally means 'pulling the branch of a tree' but its colloquial meaning is troublemaker."(7).Nelson was born into the into the royal part of the Thembu tribe, which his assignment in the future was to become a counsel to the chief and decide kings. ]]> 2020-01-07 03:11:25 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428229494 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428230568 “The African National Congress (ANC) Underground: From the M-Plan to Rivonia by Raymond Suttner.” The African National Congress (ANC) Underground: From the M-Plan to Rivonia by Raymond Suttner | South African History Online, http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/african-national-congress-anc-underground-m-plan-rivonia-raymond-suttner.

“Nelson Mandela.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Jan. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela.

“Timeline.” Nelson Mandela Foundation, https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/timeline.

Mandela, Nelson. Mandela: an Illustrated Autobiography. Little, Brown, 1996.]]> 2020-01-07 03:17:30 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428230568 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428233175 Before his fathers death,he attended primary school in Quno, which is where a teacher gave him the name 'Nelson'.When Nelson Mandela was just nine years old his father died. This resulted in a brief period of mourning and also his mother informing him that he would be leaving their village to another nearby village named Quno seeking better life. The only catch is his mom would end up staying in Mvezo. The houses he ended up living in were luxurious according to him since they contained gardens, fifty cattle, and five-hundred sheep. He eventually ended up meeting a soon to be great friend of his named Justice.]]> 2020-01-07 03:34:07 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428233175 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428234057 When Nelson and Justice were just 19 years old, they  decide to attend school at Wesleyan college.Nelson also finds a passion for long distance running. The reason Nelson Mandela ran long distance, is because, "I enjoyed the discipline and solitariness of  long-distance running."(17). In Nelson's first year of college, he studied English, anthropology, politics, native administration and roman dutch law. During his second year he was nominated to stand for the student representative council. He was later expelled due to starting a political strike. This forced them to move to Johannesburg to seek success.]]> 2020-01-07 03:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428234057 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428236262 While Nelson and Justice were just about 20 years old, they decided to take on their next chapter in life, moving in to the city. With great knowledge they received from the college, this was a next step to try and escalate their success. His first job was to work as night as a watchman. He later ended up living with Lazar Sidelsky who had agreed to take him whilst he completed his BA Degree. During this time, he was able to escape a planned marriage that he did not want to receive. In 1942, he started to attend ANC political meetings not formally. He also completes his bachelor during this time through the University Of South Africa. ]]> 2020-01-07 03:55:24 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428236262 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428238773 Nelson decides to marry Evelyn Mase, in which they met from mutual friends. During this year, he also ends up co-founds the ANC Youth League, (African National Congress). The purpose of founding a ANC Youth League (ANCYL) was to give supervision over their quest for  political freedom. In 1946 a number of events occurred that involved labor strikes, where 70,000 African mine workers along the reef went strike. This strike was due to the low wage the miners were making per day. However, Nelson Mandela later states, "In the end, the state prevailed: the strike was suppressed and the union was crushed."(37).]]> 2020-01-07 04:13:20 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428238773 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428239333 In 1945, Nelson and Evelyn have their first child, a boy named Madiba Thembekile. He described his son to have taken after his mother, in facial looks. In 1947 , Nelson was elected to the Executive Committee of the Transvaal ANC and served beneath C.S Romohanoe. This was his very first position in the actual ANC and it was a huge milestone of his consistency to the org. In early 1950, Nelson gets promoted to the National Executive team of the ANC, basically surrounding himself with senior anc members. Later in 1950, Nelson Mandela also eventually takes charge of the ANC Office whilst his superior Walter was gone, which he describes "The hub of a complicated national action." (46).]]> 2020-01-07 04:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428239333 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428763205 In 1951, Nelson Mandela was elected president of the ANCYL. In the book, he never really talked about this achievement and was briefly discussed. 1952 sparked a long future of political arrests and bigotry. Him, and 17 other members of the ANC were arrested for the violation of the suppression of communism act. Their offices were ransacked, and they were sentenced to 9 months of prison with hard labor and were also put on suspension for political tension for 2 years. Also, at the end of 1952, Nelson Mandela did not only become one of the 4 deputy presidents, but the national executive committee points him as the first deputy president. However, since he was suspended, he could not attend their conferences.]]> 2020-01-08 03:34:32 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428763205 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428765789 In 1953, Nelson devised an M Plan, which basically allows the ANC to have future meetings with one another. This greatly helped the ANC and their organization. Another huge conflict in 1953 was the Bantu Education act of 1953. This act basically segregated all schools because of students of a certain skin color. In 1955, Nelson Mandela watches as the people of Kliptown adopt the idea of a freedom charter. This caused a Council of the Congress to  be created which was made for the people of South Africa and their well being. In 1955, his suspension was finally lifted, allowing him to be a political figure again. In 1956 December 5th, Nelson was awoken with loud harsh knocking on his door. Nelson Mandela states that the officers searched his house, and say "Mandela, we have a warrant for your arrest. come with me."(67). When nelson read the document, it was entitled with 'HIGH TREASON'. 155 Other people of political nature were arrested and charged with high treason. On January 1957, the anc once again assembled drift hall which was an attempt to refute the states charges.]]> 2020-01-08 03:49:47 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428765789 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428768377 Nelson Mandela's and his wife's relationship began to fall apart. This was do to his dedication to the ANC and politics. This vastly disturbed Evelyn since she had assumed politics were a "youthful diversion"(68), and that he would eventually become a lawyer as it was first planned. Nelson states he "Never lost respect and admiration for her, but in the end we could not make our marriage work considering our differences." On September 11th, 1957, The high treason prosecutions were dropped and lifted due to lack of evidence. Nelson Mandela, was in recess during a preparatory examination, and notices a beautiful young women. A couple weeks later, when he visited Oliver, it was the same women acquainted with her brother at the front desk. Nelson Mandela states, "The moment I first glimpsed Winnie, I knew that i wanted to have her as my wife." He Called her the next day asking for help in raising money for the 'Treason Trial Defense fund from the Jan Hofmeyr school' which was just a simple diversion to get her to go out to lunch with her. Shortly after their date, Nelson filed for divorce with Evelyn, and he told Winnie that she should have a fitting for a wedding dress and suggested she informed her parents that they were to be married. His wife later ended up giving birth to Zenani (1958) and Zinzi (1960).]]> 2020-01-08 04:07:03 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428768377 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428770359 In 1960, On the 21st of march the Sharpeville massacre occurred. This happened due to protesters protesting at a police station, which ended up very violent. There were 250 causalities, 29 being children. They were all mostly shot in the back as they fled. Nelson Mandela states that this "Provoked national turmoil and a government crisis."(80). At 1:30 in the morning on the 30th of march, 1960, loud knocks awakened his home. The officers were heavily armed and they practically flipped the house upside down looking for every political document they could find. He was arrested without warrant, and without chance to call his lawyer. He was set to reside in a police station jail, where he described the blankets to be encrusted with blood and cockroaches. The next morning we were informed that we had to leave to attend the treason trial in Pretoria. Units of the army had also been mobilized and stationed in strategic areas across the country.On April 8th, both the ANC and also the PAC were declared illegal organizations under the suppression of communism act.]]> 2020-01-08 04:21:21 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/428770359 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429299712 Before going underground, On March 29th, 1961, the long waited verdict in the treason trial took place. The court said that the evidence was not valid and everyone was discharged. Nelson described this to be "A total embarrassment to the government."(84). Nelson took advantage of the verdict. He knew that the government could strike at any time and do the exact same thing. He formed the code name "Umkhonto weSizwe" or the "Black Pimpernel". He now had to plan every action and think through every small decision made because even leaving the smallest of tracks behind would result in him getting caught. He also used a disguise known as the chef or garden boy which basically he would wear generic clothing for that matter and pose as a chauffeur at times as well. The first underground meeting takes place in 1961, where they gave no alternative but to violence.]]> 2020-01-09 04:20:40 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429299712 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429301406 In 1961, After a long meeting between some members of the ANC and their preparations team, they had 4 choices to decide from. Sabotage, Guerrilla Warfare , terrorism, and open revolution. Open revolution was not an option due to the difference in military strength, terrorism reflected bad against them, guerrilla warfare was considered but the ANC did not want to issue violence. They decided the only somewhat reasonable option was sabotage. This would take place in military facilities, power plants, and telephone lines and transportation links. This was not to decrease military power but more to rather scare the national party supporters. ]]> 2020-01-09 04:32:15 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429301406 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429302052 These were some of the power plants that were sabotaged. As you can see, there is a tower completely that has completely fallen over!]]> 2020-01-09 04:37:18 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429302052 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429302338 In 1962, Shortly after sabotage , they flee the country anonymously and visit President Tubman the president of Liberia, in asking of money for military. He had only given them 5000$ and this was an insult to him, but they made do. In 1962,He received 6 months of training by a man named Addis Ababa, which he had fought underground against the Italians. Mandela learned how to use a automatic rifle and pistol, which he found valuable throughout his life. He was also taught how to avoid demolition such as mines and missile. 6 months after training, he returns to Ethiopia where he greets his soldiers. The date he returned on is unspecified, but Nelson states, "It was a proud moment, for these men had volunteered for duty in an army I was attempting to create. It was the first time that I was ever saluted by my own soldiers."(99). ]]> 2020-01-09 04:39:24 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429302338 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429303736 After crossing the border in late 1962, Nelson breathed in deeply. His first set of action would to strengthen their alliance with the congress alliance so that the ANC would be seen as a leader. As they are driving to Johannesburg, Nelson turns around and notices a car full of white men. When their car was stopped, a tall man came over to the window and introducing himself, and asking for his name. Nelson replies with David Motsamayi. He nods and then asked him a few questions about what his plan was. He then proceeded to say "You're Nelson Mandela, and i'm Cecil Williams, and your under arrest!"(102). Nelson always knew there was a possibility of getting arrested but this had not stopped him. From the court he then resided from, he was taken to Johannesburg fort (prison).He heard a croud of hundreds chanting 'Amandla!' followed by 'Ngawethu!'. This translates to power, and the power is yours!]]> 2020-01-09 04:51:17 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429303736 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429304963 Nelson was sentenced to 5 years in prison for incitement and leaving the country without a passport on November 7th 1962. He had tried thinking about escape plans, but the likelihood of escaping or even survival was extremely low. When he was put in to prison, he was given hardly any clothing. This frustrated him so he asked for longer sleeved clothes, and they declined and put him in in solitary confinement for a few weeks for which he describes to be unbearably painful, since every hour felt like a day. He finally sucked up his pride and he said he would trade the long trousers for company, in which they accept the proposal. In the morning of 1963, they discovered the Rivonia sabotage.  But he was declared not guilty in October 1963, luckily. Sadly , in 1964, he was sentenced to life in prison along with several other political figures. He had luckily avoided death sentence but there was no doubt this would result in several years or even his whole life.]]> 2020-01-09 05:02:17 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429304963 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429307236 The image above represents the almost daily protests for freedom for Mandela.]]> 2020-01-09 05:23:28 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429307236 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429828882 In 1964, Shortly after Mandela's arrival, they began mining in the quarries. However, it was actually tolerable because he was able to debate new topics with different political figures everyday. One upside to Robben Island Prison, is that you could take optional education. This was great for Mandela because he had greatly enjoyed reading and other knowledgeable subjects. All during this time, protests continued to rage on through South Africa. One thing that happened to his wife during his prison time, was that she had received harassment from police constantly. She actually got restricted to visiting Nelson for a while. To Nelson, he describes the thought of Winnie being in prison as "There is nothing more agonizing to me than knowing that Winnie could be in prison as well." (139).]]> 2020-01-10 03:59:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429828882 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429830485 On July 14th, 1969, Nelson receives the information that his first born son, had been killed in a car accident. This was very desolate news and it had depressed him throughout prison. He was also not even allowed to visit his funeral or grave during prison. Besides his son dying, things in the prison have started to brighten up a bit. Instead of mining in the quarries, their new job was to walk along the beach and pick up sea weed which would then be shipped to Japan. Nelson had always loved the beautiful nature of the ocean, which he could get his eyes lost in the gorgeous water for hours while simply picking up sea weed. They also were provided large drums of water which was a nice addition.]]> 2020-01-10 04:11:49 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429830485 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429831648 These are what the beaches of Robben Island looked like. As you can see, there is sea weed brushing past the surface of the ocean water.]]> 2020-01-10 04:21:34 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429831648 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429831803 When he had saw Winnie, it was hard for them to hold back tears since it was the first time she had visited in years. And with Zindzi , He was also delighted to see how his beautiful young daughter had turned out. She told him about her schooling and she was also 15 years old. In June 1976, prisoners had informed Mandela of a great uprising happening on the main land. An uprising was beginning and rebellion was trying to enforce change. The spirit of the young had been raging throughout the country. Freedom fighters have began to make their mark. In 1977, labored work in the prison had ended. Mandela could now reside in his cell and read books,write , and other things. He also gained a passion for tennis. Not only that, he had started to garden. He found it a very rewarding process since it had gave him hope. In 1978, his daughter second youngest had married Prince Thumbumuzi, a son of King Sobhuza of Swaziland. Since she had married in to a royal family, she had been given permission to visit Mandela. She immediately rushed to hug Mandela. It was truly a heart warming moment. ]]> 2020-01-10 04:22:54 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429831803 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429833465 This is his daughter Zeni.]]> 2020-01-10 04:38:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429833465 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429833529 In 1982, a prison officer abruptly told him to come with him since they had been transferring him to a prison mainland called Pollsmoor Prison. It was a maximum security prison that he had to go to. He described it to be like a five star hotel compared to the last prison. Him and 4 other political figures had an entire floor to themselves, and a terrace. He also had received news magazines and such. In 1984, the ANCs popularity spiked again which was great for Mandela. In 1985, after a medical exam, he was referred to a urologist, who had diagnosed him with a enlarged prostate gland with recommended surgery. He was taken to a hospital in cape town under heavy security. His wife Winnie was able to fly down and see Mandela prior to surgery. In 1987, Nelson Mandela had been suffering from a bad cough and sometimes found it difficult to exercise. He was taken to the hospital and the doctors found out he was experiencing early stages of TB. This was treated after 6 weeks . From the hospital he was transferred to a solo prison where he resided in a little cottage. This was good because he had a personal chef and much more space. The personal chef would prepare him gourmet meals whenever he requested. ]]> 2020-01-10 04:39:15 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429833529 aasanjay000 https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429834635 Nelson had woke up after a few hours of sleep , completed his exercise routine, ate breakfast and prepared for his speech on release. Not only was he released in 1990, but the ANC was also un banned. During this time he was also elected ANC Deputy president. In 1994, he was elected president, and the story ends there. He proceeds to live until December 13th, 2013. He lived a great life, liberating South Africa from bigotry and racism as well as a corrupt government. He had served 27 years of prison until finally being released.]]> 2020-01-10 04:49:38 UTC https://padlet.com/aasanjay000/vypfgdonyq0j/wish/429834635