Evolutionary Characteristics of Chiroptera by Erin Lamirande https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh Or what you would call "Bats" en-us 2018-06-02 22:06:24 UTC 2023-05-02 21:44:18 UTC hello@padlet.com Order Chiroptera el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265175099 Chiroptera, commonly known as "bat", is an order of the class Mammalia. It includes bats and ONLY bats.

Over 900 species, and 1/4 of all mammals!

  • 5 elongated digits on each forelimb that supports the patagium
  • True flight
  • Outward-projecting hind limbs
  • Nocternal
  • Well developed ears
  • Form colonies
  • Females= prime caretaker
  • Migrate and hibernate
  • EVERYWHERE, except polar regions... especially tropic
  • Roost: caves, trees, even buildings
http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/ordchiro.htm
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chiroptera/ 
]]> 2018-06-02 22:15:10 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265175099 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178108 2018-06-03 00:12:37 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178108 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178115 2018-06-03 00:12:53 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178115 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178251 2018-06-03 00:17:40 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178251 Big Free-Tailed Bat el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178415 Animalia-Chordata- Mammalia-Chiroptera-Molossidae-Nytihomops- Nytihomops macrotis
  • Southeastern US, Mexico, and   South America
  • Roost in rocky crevices
  • Bi-colored dark, glossy coats
  • Free tail
  • Long narrow wings
  • Maternity colonies
  • Echolocation
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Nyctinomops_macrotis/
]]> 2018-06-03 00:24:06 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178415 Moluccan Flying Fox el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178729 Animalia-Chordata- Mammalia-Chiroptera-Pteropodidae-Pteropus-Pteropus chrysoproctus
  • Eastern Indonesia
  • Fruit-eating and tropical
  • Very large
  • Better-developed eyes
  • Small groups
  • Deteriorating
https://www.britannica.com/animal/flying-fox
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/99688187/0


]]> 2018-06-03 00:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178729 Long-Legged Myotis el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178790 Animalia-Chordata- Mammalia-Chiroptera-Vespertilionidae-Myotis-Myotis volans
  • Western US, Mexico and Canada; Forested mountain regions
  • Roost: Trees, rocks, mines and caves
  • Long tail, short ears
  • 1 ft wingspan
  • Insect-eater
  • Males and females seperate in Summer
  • 1 offspring at a time
http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMACC01110, http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/myotvola.htm, http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMACC01110, http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Myotis_volans/
]]> 2018-06-03 00:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265178790 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179220 2018-06-03 00:59:25 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179220 Onychonycteris finneyi el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179485 Eocene Epoch
-52 million years
http://dragonflyissuesinevolution13.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Evolutionary_History_of_Bats:_Order_Chiroptera]]> 2018-06-03 01:09:50 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179485 Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179490 Middle Eocene 
- Around 40 million years
http://www.sculptedstone.com/index.cfmfuseaction=arc.sh_item&prod_id=3450]]> 2018-06-03 01:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179490 Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179504 Middle Eocene 
- Around 40 million years
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/Messel/messelbat/Palaeochiropteryx.htm ]]> 2018-06-03 01:10:36 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179504 Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179510 Middle Eocene 
- Around 40 million years
http://www.fossilmall.com/fossils/gf117/palaeochiropteryx-messel-bat-fossil.htm]]> 2018-06-03 01:10:47 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179510 Hassianycteris messelensis el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179519 Eocene Epoch
-Around 50 million years
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Evidence-and-the-Origin-of-Bats-Gunnell-Simmons/361e8ef5e55ac0071b3bfb012481686ec79d0d4e/figure/2 ]]> 2018-06-03 01:11:01 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179519 Icaronycteris el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179562 Eocene Epoch
-Around 50 Million years
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/eutheria/chirofr.html 
]]> 2018-06-03 01:12:59 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179562 What do these Fossils Tell Us about Evolution? el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179968
  • In general, the bat fossil record isn't extensive-- only from the Eocene
  • Onychonycteris finneyi is the oldest known bat fossil
  • -it's the most primitive; claws, long hind limbs and a lack of echolocation 
  • Onychonycteris is the only evidence for a possible ancestor- possibly a long-limbed climbing mammal
  • Icaronycteris is the 2nd oldest fossil. It shows signs of echolocation by auditory regions in its skull, and it has the feature characteristics of modern bats- diversification begins
  • "Flight First" theory
  • The genus Palaeochiropteryx had broad, short wings, which made them adapted to slow maneuverable flight near the forest floor. - Shows diversification
    • ]]>     2018-06-03 01:30:17 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265179968     Anatomy and Evolution el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265180935
  • All bats  can actually propel themselves with their wings, which separates them from flying squirrels and flying lemurs.
  • The Monophyly Hypothesis states that bats are  evolved from one single flying-mammalian ancestor. 
  • Some  think that microchiropteran and megachiropteran bats evolved independently, megachiroptera possibly are more closely related to other mammals such as Primates.
    • http://eol.org/pages/7631/details#morphology
    ]]>     2018-06-03 02:04:12 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265180935     el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181279 2018-06-03 02:14:47 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181279 Homologous Structure el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181318
  • The forelimb skeletal structure is a common homologous structure in the Animal Kingdom
  • All bats, whales, humans, etc share the same number and simular constructuion of forelimb bones.
  • Bats share the structure, and they even have 5 digits like us.
    • https://biologywise.com/examples-of-homologous-structures
    ]]>     2018-06-03 02:15:51 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181318     el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181589 2018-06-03 02:23:58 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181589 Biochemistry and Evolution el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181783
  • the protein prestin helps hair cells in the inner ear intensify sounds
  • It could be used in echolocation
  •  in 2 distantley related bats, parts of the protein were identical
  • The protein is different  in non-echolocating bats
    • http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/hear-bats-and-whales-share-sonar-protein
    ]]>     2018-06-03 02:26:35 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265181783     Chromosomal Analysis el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182006
  • Comparison between  Phyllostomus discolor (Pale Spear-nosed bat) and Phyllostomus hastatus (Greater spear-nosed bat)
  • The 2 species occupy different regions of South America
  • The only differences in chromosomes were between autosomal pair 15, in the positioning of the centromere
  • All in the family Phyllostomus are very similar
    • http://www.scielo.br/pdf/%0D/gmb/v23n3/4355.pdf
    ]]>     2018-06-03 02:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182006     el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182196 2018-06-03 02:43:07 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182196 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182217 2018-06-03 02:43:26 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182217 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182286 2018-06-03 02:46:35 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182286 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182461 2018-06-03 02:53:51 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182461 Chiroptera and Adaptive Radiation: el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182505
  • The Barro Calorado island in panama hosts 72 different species of bats, but it is only 15 km2!
  • This works because:
  • Different roosting requirements
  • Different mating rituals
  • Rich tropical food sources
  • Hunt at different elevations and at different times
    • (Information from the documentary Bat Women of Panama)
    ]]>     2018-06-03 02:55:19 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182505     el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182692 2018-06-03 03:02:14 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182692 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182726 2018-06-03 03:02:55 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182726 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182784 2018-06-03 03:04:27 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265182784 el279 https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265514180 2018-06-05 00:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/el279/vx4hpg754bgh/wish/265514180