Qada and Qadar refer to Allah’s divine will and decree. It is one of the Six Pillars of Iman (Faith) in Islam.

1. What is Qada and Qadar?

• Qada: Allah’s eternal decision about everything that will happen.

• Qadar: The actual execution of that decision according to Allah’s wisdom and knowledge.

2. Four Aspects of Belief in Qadar

1. Allah’s Knowledge (Ilm) – Allah knows everything that has happened, is happening, and will happen.

2. Writing (Kitabah) – Everything is written in Al-Lawh al-Mahfuz (Preserved Tablet).

3. Will (Mashi’ah) – Nothing happens without Allah’s permission, whether good or bad.

4. Creation (Khalq) – Allah created everything, including human actions.

3. Free Will and Responsibility

• Humans have free will to choose between good and evil.

• However, everything happens within Allah’s knowledge and decree.

• We are responsible for our choices and will be judged accordingly.

4. Lessons from Belief in Qadar

• Encourages patience and gratitude in hardships and blessings.

• Teaches trust in Allah (Tawakkul) while still working hard.

• Helps avoid arrogance when successful and despair when facing difficulties.

Conclusion

Belief in Qada and Qadar helps Muslims accept life’s ups and downs, knowing that everything happens by Allah’s wisdom and plan. It strengthens faith, patience, and reliance on Allah.

• This is the belief that life does not end at death, and everyone will be resurrected for judgment.

• The Day of Judgment will be preceded by major signs, such as:

  • The appearance of Dajjal (Antichrist).

  • The return of Prophet Isa (Jesus, peace be upon him).

  • The emergence of Gog and Magog (Yajuj and Majuj).

• On this day:

  • Everyone’s deeds will be weighed on a scale.

  • People will be questioned about their actions.

  • The righteous will enter Jannah (Paradise), and the wicked will be sent to Jahannam (Hell).

• The belief in Judgment Day encourages moral responsibility and accountability.

In Islam, adab refers to good manners, ethics, and proper conduct. As a student, having adab is just as important as seeking knowledge. Islam teaches that knowledge should be pursued with humility, respect, and sincerity.

Adab for Students:

1. Sincerity (Ikhlas) – Seek knowledge for the sake of Allah, not for fame or arrogance.

2. Respect for Teachers – Listen attentively, avoid arguing, and appreciate their efforts.

3. Respect for Knowledge – Handle books and materials with care and avoid disrespecting sacred texts.

4. Humility (Tawadhu') – Avoid arrogance; knowledge should make a person more humble.

5. Discipline and Hard Work – Be punctual, consistent, and dedicated to learning.

6. Asking Questions with Good Intentions – Seek understanding, not to challenge or argue.

7. Practicing What You Learn – Knowledge should lead to good actions and behavior.

8. Avoiding Wasting Time – Focus on studies and avoid distractions.

9. Gratitude (Shukr) – Be thankful to teachers, parents, and Allah for the opportunity to learn.

10. Good Character (Akhlaq) – Be kind, patient, and honest in interactions with others.

Islam places great emphasis on good manners (adab) towards neighbors. Being kind and considerate to neighbors is a part of faith (Iman). The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

"Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him be kind to his neighbor." (Sahih Bukhari & Muslim)

Key Adab Towards Neighbors:

1. Respect and Kindness – Greet them with peace (Salam), be polite, and avoid harsh words.

2. Avoid Causing Harm – Do not disturb them with loud noise, bad smells, or inappropriate behavior.

3. Helping in Times of Need – Offer help in emergencies, sickness, or financial hardship.

4. Sharing Food and Gifts – Sharing meals and small gifts strengthens relationships.

5. Maintaining Privacy – Do not spy or interfere in their personal matters.

6. Resolving Disputes Peacefully – Avoid conflicts, forgive mistakes, and resolve issues with wisdom.

7. Being Patient and Tolerant – Even if they are difficult, treat them with patience and good character.

8. Greeting and Smiling – A simple smile or kind words can build a good relationship.

9. Not Blocking Their Rights – Do not block shared pathways, parking, or utilities.

10. Praying for Them – Ask Allah to bless them with goodness and guidance.

I have thoroughly enjoyed this program, as it has imparted meaningful lessons and left a profound impact on me. It has taught me the importance of appreciating our efforts, no matter how insignificant they may seem to others.

I sincerely wish my usrah friends continued good health and success in their academic journeys, striving to excel as outstanding students.

To my dear faci, Nugget, I am incredibly grateful for your kindness and patience. You have been a remarkable facilitator, always understanding and considerate. May you always find the strength to resist anything that may bring you harm. I pray for your well-being and success in achieving all your aspirations.

With love, Balqis.

MATRICS NUMBER : 241355

BIRTHDAY : 20 / JULY / 2006

BORN : JOHOR BAHRU

HOBBY : PLAYING VIDEO GAME

MY FAV ANIMAL : AS YOU CAN SEE HERE HIHI OFC PENGUIN ! ! ! <3

ʿIbadah means worship

Doing anything to please Allah, with the right intention, and following the teachings of Islam.

It includes:

Rituals like praying, fasting, giving zakah, and doing hajj.

Everyday actions like eating, studying, working, or helping others — if done sincerely for Allah.

✅ Simple rule: Anything you do to obey Allah, love Him, and seek His reward — is ʿibādah.

Theme: Understanding ḥikmah (wisdom and noble values) through ʿibādah (worship)

-Niyyah (Right Intention): Every act of worship begins with intention. A sincere intention made purely for Allah ensures the act is accepted and meaningful.

-ʿAmal (Right Practice): Worship must be done in the way shown by the Prophet ﷺ (according to the Sunnah).

-Iḥsān (Excellence and Inner Virtue): Worship as if you see Allah; even if you don’t see Him, know that He sees you. This builds sincerity and spiritual awareness.

1) SYAHADAH

2) SALAH

3) SAWM

4) ZAKAT

5) HAJJ

Salah (Prayer) – Surah Al-ʿAnkabūt (29:45): Prayer keeps us away from indecency and evil.

Ṣawm (Fasting) – Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183): The purpose of fasting is to develop taqwā (God-consciousness).

Zakāh (Charity) – Surah Al-Tawbah (9:103): Zakāh purifies the heart and cleanses wealth.

Ḥajj (Pilgrimage) – Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197): Hajj teaches good conduct—no arguments, foul language, or sinful behavior.

🔹 1. Ṭahārah (Purification): Cleanliness Before Salah

Before we stand in front of Allah, we must be clean and pure. Islam emphasizes physical purity as a symbol of spiritual readiness.

There are two main ways to achieve ṭahārah:

Wuḍū’ (Ablution): Washing certain body parts (face, hands, head, feet) with water as prescribed.

Tayammum: When water is not available, we use clean dust/earth to perform symbolic purification.

🟢 Why it matters: Without purification, salah is not valid. It shows respect for the presence of Allah.

🔹 2. Conditions for a Valid Salah (Shurūṭ al-Ṣalāh)

There are certain conditions that must be fulfilled before a person can begin praying:

Purity – From hadath (major/minor impurity) and najāsah (physical filth).

Covering the ʿAwrah – Proper clothing: e.g., for men from navel to knee; for women, whole body except face and hands.

Praying at the Right Time – Salah must be done within its specified time.

Facing the Qiblah – The direction of the Kaʿbah in Makkah.

Niyyah (Intention) – A firm intention in the heart to perform that particular prayer.

🔸 If any of these conditions are missing, the salah is not valid.

🔹 3. Pillars of Salah (Arkān al-Ṣalāh)

These are the essential parts of the prayer. Missing any of them invalidates the prayer. Some key pillars include:

Takbīrat al-Iḥrām – Saying “Allāhu Akbar” at the beginning.

Recitation of al-Fātiḥah – Must be recited in every rakʿah.

Rukūʿ – Bowing.

Sujūd – Prostration with 7 body parts touching the ground.

Tashahhud & Final Salām – Sitting at the end and giving salām.

✅ These must be performed correctly and with calmness.

🔹 4. Application of Salah in Different Situations

Islam is practical and allows flexibility in certain situations:

Qaṣr (Shortened Prayer): When travelling, 4-rakʿah prayers (e.g., Ẓuhr, ʿAṣr, ʿIshāʾ) can be shortened to 2 rakʿāt.

Jamāʿ (Combining Prayers): Some prayers can be combined during travel or illness (e.g., Ẓuhr with ʿAṣr).

Nawāfil (Voluntary Prayers): Extra prayers for reward, like Qiyām al-Layl, Duḥa, Sunnah Rawātib.

Praying During Illness: If one cannot stand, they may pray sitting or lying down — even with eye signals if necessary.

🌟 This shows that no matter the situation, salah remains a duty — but Allah gives ease.

🔹 5. Achieving Khushūʿ in Salah (Focus and Presence)

Khushūʿ means praying with full attention, humility, and awareness of Allah.

Tips to achieve khushūʿ:

Understand what you’re reciting — especially Surah al-Fātiḥah.

Remove distractions — pray in a quiet, clean place.

Slow down your movements — don’t rush.

Think of Allah’s greatness and your need for Him.

Remember that this might be your last prayer.

💭 “Successful indeed are the believers, those who humble themselves in their prayer.” – Surah al-Mu’minūn: 1–2

✅ Summary:

To prepare for meaningful, accepted salah:

Be clean (ṭahārah)

Fulfill the prayer conditions

Perform every pillar properly

Adjust for your circumstances (e.g. travel, illness)

Aim for khushūʿ — presence of heart and mind

🔹 1. Al-Ṭāʿah (Obedience to Allah)

Ṣalāh teaches discipline and trains us to obey Allah’s commands regularly. By praying five times a day, a believer becomes used to living with structure, commitment, and obedience to divine instructions — even when it's difficult or inconvenient.

A person who obeys Allah in prayer will be more likely to obey Him outside of prayer too.

🔹 2. Al-Jihād (Struggle in the Path of Allah)

Every time we perform ṣalāh, especially with khushūʿ, we are fighting a battle — a battle against laziness, distraction, worldly thoughts, and even our own desires.

This inner struggle is a form of jihād — striving to remain firm in faith and to improve our relationship with Allah.

🔹 3. Muḥāsabah (Self-Reflection and Accountability)

Ṣalāh gives us moments to pause and reflect on our life. We remember our sins, shortcomings, and blessings. We turn to Allah for forgiveness, guidance, and strength.

After each prayer, a believer is encouraged to ask themselves: “Am I doing what pleases Allah?”

🔹 4. ʿIffah (Modesty and Self-Restraint)

Regular prayer helps protect a person from shameful and sinful actions. It trains the soul to have self-control and to stay away from what displeases Allah.

As mentioned in Surah Al-ʿAnkabūt (29:45):

“Indeed, prayer prevents immorality and wrongdoing.”

🔹 5. Tawaḍḍuʿ (Humility and Humbleness)

When we bow and prostrate in ṣalāh, we physically and spiritually humble ourselves before our Creator. We are reminded that we are weak, and Allah is Most High.

True humility in prayer leads to humility in everyday life — with family, friends, and others around us.

🌟 Summary:

When ṣalāh is performed with khushūʿ, it nurtures the following virtues:

Obedience – Committing to Allah’s commands

Struggle – Fighting laziness and distraction

Reflection – Checking our actions and intentions

Modesty – Staying away from sinful behaviour

Humility – Realising our dependence on Allah

🔹 1. Ṣabr (Patience and Forbearance)

Fasting trains us to be patient — not only by controlling our hunger and thirst but also by avoiding anger, arguments, and bad behaviour.

When we fast, we practice self-control, even when we are tired, hungry, or upset. This builds emotional strength and patience in our daily lives.

The Prophet ﷺ said:

“Fasting is half of patience.” (Narrated in Ibn Mājah)

🔹 2. Takrīm (Respect and Honour for Others)

Fasting reminds us to treat others with kindness, dignity, and respect. During fasting, a person must avoid negative speech, gossip, and arguments.

By respecting others’ feelings and controlling our tongue, we build stronger relationships and promote peace in our communities.

Fasting teaches us to think before we speak and to uplift others, not hurt them.

🔹 3. Raḥmah (Compassion and Mercy)

When we fast, we experience what the poor and hungry feel every day. This creates empathy and reminds us of our duty to care for others.

Fasting softens the heart and increases raḥmah (mercy) towards the less fortunate — encouraging us to give, serve, and support those in need.

This is why acts of charity and kindness are especially encouraged during Ramadan.

🌟 Summary:

Fasting is not just about staying away from food and drink. It builds inner strength and noble character, especially:

Ṣabr – Patience in dealing with hardship and emotions

Takrīm – Respect for others in words and actions

Raḥmah – Compassion for those in need

Giving for the sake of Allah is not only about helping others — it also builds beautiful values within ourselves. Let’s explore two main virtues that come from practicing zakāh and ṣadaqah:

🔹 1. Tawakkul (Reliance on Allah)

When we give away our money for the sake of Allah, we are showing that we trust Him completely. Even though we are giving something valuable, we believe that Allah will provide more and will never let us lose out.

Charity teaches us that our wealth comes from Allah, and we are just caretakers.

By giving, we are putting our trust in Allah, not in material things.

The Prophet ﷺ said:

"Charity does not decrease wealth." (Muslim)

🔹 2. Ukhuwwah (Brotherhood and Unity)

Charity helps build a strong and united Muslim community. When the rich support the poor, and everyone looks after one another, love and care grow among people.

Zakāh and ṣadaqah remove jealousy and hatred between rich and poor.

They create a spirit of brotherhood, where every Muslim feels responsible for the well-being of others.

It reminds us that we are one ummah (nation), connected by faith, mercy, and compassion.

🌟 Summary:

Giving zakāh and ṣadaqah brings us closer to Allah and brings society closer together. The key values we learn are:

Tawakkul – Trusting Allah when we give, believing He will provide

Ukhuwwah – Building unity and care among Muslims

The hand that gives is always above the hand that takes — and Allah loves those who give sincerely.

Ḥajj is one of the five pillars of Islam and must be performed at least once in a lifetime (if a person is physically and financially able). Both Ḥajj and ʿUmrah are not just journeys of the body — they are journeys of the heart and soul.

Let’s explore the noble values a Muslim learns from these sacred acts:

🔹 1. Al-Taḍḥiyyah (Sacrifice)

Ḥajj teaches us to leave behind our comforts — our homes, wealth, and daily routines — to obey Allah. Pilgrims travel far, sleep in tents, walk long distances, and perform tiring rituals, all for the sake of Allah.

This builds the spirit of sacrifice, reminding us that being a good Muslim sometimes requires giving up things we love — our time, energy, wealth, or desires — to please Allah.

Even the act of sacrificing an animal (Qurbān) during Ḥajj is a symbol of our willingness to obey Allah no matter what.

🔹 2. Taqwā (God-consciousness)

Throughout Ḥajj, a pilgrim must be careful not to argue, fight, show anger, or commit sins. This requires constant awareness that Allah is watching at all times.

This deep awareness of Allah, known as taqwā, helps purify the heart and strengthens faith.

A person who returns from Ḥajj with taqwā becomes more mindful of their actions, speech, and choices in daily life.

As Allah says in the Qur’an:

“And take provisions, but the best provision is taqwā.”

(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:197)

🌟 Summary:

Ḥajj and ʿUmrah are powerful spiritual journeys that teach us:

Sacrifice (Taḍḥiyyah) – Letting go of comfort and ego for the sake of Allah

Taqwā – Living with full awareness that Allah is watching and guiding us

A person who performs Ḥajj sincerely returns with a heart that is purified — like a newborn, free from sin.

Fasting (Ṣawm) is one of the five pillars of Islam. It is more than just staying away from food and drink — it is a way to train our soul, strengthen our connection with Allah, and improve our behaviour.

🌟 1. Ḥikmah (Wisdoms) Behind Fasting

These are the spiritual and moral benefits a Muslim gains from fasting:

Increase piety towards Allah

→ Fasting makes us more aware of Allah and helps us become more obedient. It brings us closer to Him through self-discipline and worship.

Practice patience

→ Fasting teaches us to control our desires, emotions, and reactions. This builds sabr (patience) in everyday life.

Train yourself to be generous

→ When we feel hunger, we understand the suffering of the poor. This encourages us to give charity and help others.

📖 2. Quotes about Fasting

Two important Islamic quotes are shown:

Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183

"O you who have believed, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you that you may become righteous."

→ This shows that fasting is not new — it was practiced by earlier nations too, and its purpose is to make us better people.

Hadith (Sahih al-Bukhari, 1904)

“Fasting is a shield.”

→ Fasting protects us from sin, bad behaviour, and the punishment of Hell — like a shield protects a soldier in battle.

✅ 3. Obligatory Conditions for Fasting

Not everyone is required to fast. Here are the conditions:

Islam – Only Muslims are required to fast.

Mukallaf – A person who is mature (baligh) and responsible.

No obstacles or disabilities – Someone who is sick, pregnant, elderly, or travelling may be excused.

Sensible – The person must be in a sound state of mind (not insane or unconscious).

🕌 4. Sunnah Acts During Fasting

These are actions recommended by the Prophet ﷺ:

Breaking fast immediately after sunset – Do not delay ifṭār unnecessarily.

Breaking fast with dates – If dates are not available, then with water.

Performing Taraweeh – A night prayer during the month of Ramadan that earns great rewards.

⚠️ 5. Makruh Act While Fasting

This means actions that are disliked but don’t break the fast.

Excessive rinsing of the mouth during wuḍū’ –

It is allowed to rinse, but doing it too strongly might cause water to go down the throat, which can accidentally break the fast.

📌 Conclusion

Fasting is a complete form of worship. It helps:

Improve our connection with Allah

Purify our hearts

Build good habits like patience, generosity, and self-control

It also reminds us of the blessings we often take for granted and encourages us to help those in need.

Through these seven weeks, we have learned that ‘ibādah is more than rituals — it is a way to cleanse the heart, build self-discipline, and bring us closer to Allah. Whether in prayer, fasting, charity, or pilgrimage — each act trains us to become more patient, sincere, and aware of our purpose in life.

As we part ways at the end of this semester, may we continue to carry these lessons with us. Let us nurture our relationship with Allah, cherish the friendships we built in usrah, and strive to live every day with ihsan — doing everything as if we see Him.

May Allah accept our efforts, guide our hearts, and unite us again in goodness. Ameen.