https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3 Team 4 immunology lesson 11 en-us 2022-07-29 05:17:23 UTC 2022-07-29 05:27:44 UTC hello@padlet.com http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Sttl4yreaVE/U6mmTwUTbhI/AAAAAAAAVnE/tmlAxbkr_lc/s1600/10464184_673481989388707_5990307226132346293_n.jpg burawesome53 https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251595599 A type of primary immune deficiency that involves a group of rare disorders caused by mutations in different genes involved in the development and function of infection-fighting immune cells]]> 2022-07-29 05:23:17 UTC https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251595599 burawesome53 https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251595777  SCID is most commonly caused by autosomal recessive inheritance. Both copies of the defected gene is controbuted by both parents. This is mostly caused becuase of adenosine deaminase deficieancy, so the children lack this enzyme which is necessary for T-cell survival. There is also x-linked SCID, which is is caused by mutations in a gene on the x chromosome, and it primarily affect male infants. Boys woth this type of scid have abnormally formed white blood cells, because of which, they have a low number of t cells and natural killer cells, and completely non-functional b cells.]]> 2022-07-29 05:23:55 UTC https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251595777 burawesome53 https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251595996 Due to the mutation or genetic defect that affects T cells and at least one other kind of immune cell (thus "combined immunodeficiency"), SCID has a greater impact on the adaptive immune system. By directly interacting with B lymphocytes or by improperly activating B lymphocytes as a result of non-functional T-helper cells, too few lymphocytes or lymphocytes that don't function effectively will impact the antibody response. When the immune system isn't functioning properly, fighting off the bacteria, fungi, and viruses that cause illnesses can be challenging or even impossible. Types of SCID are classified by which immune cells, T, B, and/or NK cells, are defective. There are several types of SCID, each caused by a different genetic (hereditary) defect.]]> 2022-07-29 05:24:40 UTC https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251595996 burawesome53 https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251596326 Poor development, eczema-like rashes, chronic diarrhoea, and recurrent oral thrush are further signs of SCID in infants in addition to frequent and frequently extremely severe respiratory infections, however not all of these symptoms may be present.

Before it is identified, SCID frequently results in multiple hospitalizations and is linked to recurring viral infections.

Pneumocystis pneumonia is one rare infection that can appear early in SCID. The existence of this infection is a warning sign that the immune system needs to be examined for SCID.

It is crucial to identify SCID as soon as possible. SCID can be successfully treated in the first few months of life with a very high success rate.]]> 2022-07-29 05:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251596326 burawesome53 https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251596541 Allogenic bone marrow transplant is the most common treatment. In this treatment, an infant with SCID receives healthy stem cells from a matched donor, usually a healthy brother or healthy sister. The new cells will then rebuild the immune system of an infant with SCID. ]]> 2022-07-29 05:26:30 UTC https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251596541 burawesome53 https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251596944 X-linked SCID is due to a mutation in the IL2RG gene that instructs cells to produce proteins that support immune cell growth, X-linked SCID patients will soon become infected without these cells. Very few T cells and inactive B cells are features of X-linked SCID. 
- Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA SCID) - normally, the DNA synthesis process produces a substance called deoxyadenosine, which the ADA enzyme would get rid of. Deoxyadenosine, which is toxic, is changed by ADA into a different, safe molecule. The toxic deoxyadenosine builds up in the child's system and kills the immune system cells when there isn't an ADA present to convert it. Neurological issues include cognitive impairment, hearing and vision impairment, poor muscle tone, and mobility abnormalities are also brought on by ADA enzyme deficiency.]]> 2022-07-29 05:27:08 UTC https://padlet.com/burawesome53/vvjbp6rg7t8cefd3/wish/2251596944