WAVES CONCEPT MAP by London Deguzman

Tension

ldeguzman1 — 2023-09-18 16:47:07 UTC

tension is almost synonymous with the medium. The medium affects how much energy passes through a wave and also the speed. Higher tension is observed when the crests of waves are lower than on low tension.

transverse vs longitudinal

ldeguzman1 — 2023-09-18 16:50:27 UTC

transverse waves: the waves move perpendicular to the medium (up and down). examples: surface water waves, waves on a string

longitudinal waves: the waves move parallel along the medium (side to side) examples: sound waves, some earthquake waves

ldeguzman1 — 2023-09-18 17:17:12 UTC

ldeguzman1 — 2023-09-18 17:18:11 UTC

definition of a wave

ldeguzman1 — 2023-09-18 17:20:50 UTC

waves are a disturbance in a material that carries energy through it

wave pulse: a single disturbance in the medium

continuous wave: series of identical disturbances in the medium

requirements for mechanical waves

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-07 02:51:55 UTC

a source to start disturbance
a medium for the wave to travel through
a mechanism that transmits the disturbance
1. physical connection
2. physical collision
3. cooperation

characteristics of a continuous wave

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-07 03:05:47 UTC

continuous waves have identical peaks and valleys

2 characteristics that are determined by the motion of the source

amplitude: maximum distance that the wave moves away from its equilibrium (transverse wave). distance between neighboring areas of maximum compression (longitudinal wave).
Frequency: measured by how often the medium moves up and down (or back and forth). Units of frequency are hertz.

Speed is determined by the medium (mainly tension or depth)

example: waves traveling via a string, the speed is determined by the tension

Wavelength is determined by speed and frequency

wavelengths are the distance between two peaks
wavelength = speed / frequency

Light ray diagrams

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 00:38:52 UTC

light travels in straight lines away from the source
light travels in all directions
light from a light source must enter the observer's eye

Pinholes

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 04:31:44 UTC

as light passes through a pinhole, it continues traveling in a straight line. It will show as a dot that is directly in line with the light source. If there's more than one light source, they will produce their light on the screen. This is why images look inverted.

shadows

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 04:35:38 UTC

occurs when light is blocked. the shadow will be the same shape as the blocker. the size of the shadow is determined by boundary light rays that go over the top and bottom of the shape.

reflection from a shiny surface

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 04:38:00 UTC

law of reflection applies (angle of refraction is equal to angle of incidence)
when a single beam of light hits a shiny surface, it will reflect off of the object as a single beam of light
seeing yourself in the mirror is an example of this

reflection from a non-shiny surface

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 04:39:16 UTC

light rays reflects off of the surface in multiple directions
anyone looking at the object will be able to see it

refraction

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 04:42:22 UTC

when a light ray passes from one transparent material into another, it changes direction
normal line = line that is perpendicular to the surface at the point where the light ray hits it
in less dense material, the angle is bigger (relative to normal line)
in more dense material, the angle is bigger (relative to normal line)

color spectrum

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 05:42:54 UTC

within the visible color spectrum, we observe 6 colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
discussing color vision, the color spectrum can be divided into three broad bands: red, green, blue
within the eye, some cells react to the three different colors respectively

color

ldeguzman1 — 2023-12-09 07:21:33 UTC

light = white. white light is the combination of all of the colors in the spectrum. When light is diffused, it is shown as several different colors. When the 3 colors (red, green, blue) are combined, they are seen as other colors. Example: Red and Green becomes Yellow. There are color gels that filter out different colors. A red gel absorbs green and blue so that the observer only sees red. We see colors because the objects absorbs colors and reflects the rest of the colors that are shown.