a. Rice– Oryza sativa

b. Wheat – Triticum aestivum

c. Banana – Musa acuminata

d. Corn – Zea mays

e. Onion – Allium cepa

2)

a. Sunflower – Helianthus annuus

b. Rose – Rosa indica

c. Pea – Pisum sativum

d. Oak – Quercus robur

e. Tomato – Solanum lycopersicum

3)

Monocotyledon

-One cotyledon

-Parallel venation

-Fibrous root system

Dicotyledon

-Two cotyledons

-Reticulate venation

-Taproot system

1. Maize (Zea mays)

2. Banana (Musa acumina)

3. Bamboo ( Bambusa vulgaris)

4. Garlic (Allium sativum)

5. Palm tree ( Cocos nucifera)

2)

1. Maple tree (Acer spp.)

2. Rose (Rosa spp.)

3. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

4. Oak tree (Quercus spp.)

5. Cotton (Gossypium spp.)

3)

1. Seed structure

Monocotyledon- have 1 cotyledon

Dicotyledon- have 2 cotyledon

2. Leaf venation

Monocotyledon- have parallel venation

Dicotyledon- have reticulate venation

3. Root system

Monocotyledon- have fibrous root system

Dicotyledon- have a taproot system

4. Pollen structure

Monocotyledon- pollen grains have 1 pore/furrow

Dicotyledon- pollen grains have 3 pore/furrow

5. Flower part

Monocotyledon- multiple of 3

Dicotyledon- multiple of 4/5

Corn- Zea mays

Coconut- Cocos nucifera

Pineapple- Ananas comosus

Taro - Colocasia esculenta

Garlic - Allium sativum

DICOTYLEDON:

Tomato  - Solanum lycopersicum

Sunflower - Helianthus annuus

Mango  - Mangifera indica

Potato  - Solanum tuberosum

Papaya  - Carica papaya

DIFFERENCES:

Monocotyledon

1.The seeds have only one cotyledon

2.They have fibrous root system

3.Stem contains scattered vascular bundles

4.Parallel venation

5.Flower part in multiple of three

Dicotyledon

1.The seeds have two cotyledons

2.They have taproot system

3.Stem contains rings of vascular bundles

4.Reticulate venation

5.Flower part in multiples of four or five

1. Palm Tree (Arecaceae family)

2. Bamboo (Bambusoideae subfamily)

3. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

4. Lily (Lilium genus)

5. Garlic (Allium sativum)

List 5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific name.

1. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2. Apple (Malus domestica)

3. Cotton (Gossypium genus)

4. Oak Tree (Quercus genus)

5. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants.

1. Seed Structure:

Monocots: Have one cotyledon in the seed.

Dicots: Have two cotyledons in the seed

2. Pollen Structure:

Monocots: Pollen grains typically have a single furrow or pore .

Dicots: Pollen grains usually have three furrows or pores .

• Banana ( Musa acuminata)

• Coconut ( Cocos nucifera)

• Rice ( Oryza sativa)

• Orchid ( Orchis mascula)

• Wheat ( Triticum sativa)

2) List 5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific name:

• Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

• Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

• Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

• Rose (Rosa indica)

• Marsh marigold ( Caltha palustris)

3) Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants:

MONOCOTYLEDONS

• Have 1 Cotyledon ( often strap-like)

• Parallel veins ( often linear shape)

• Flower parts in 3s or multiples 3

• Fibrous roots

• scattered vascular bundles

DICTYLEDONS

• Have 2 Cotyledons (often oval shape)

• Veins creating network ( often broad shape)

• Flower parts in 4s or 5s or multiples of 4 or 5

• Taproot with branching roots

• Vascular bundles in a single cylinder

1. Barley (Hordeum Vulgare)

2. Lily (Lilium Candidum)

3. Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

4. Rice (Oryza Sativa)

5. Banana (Orchis Militaris)

2)

1. Cotton Plant (Gosspium hirsutum)

2. Maple tree (Acer Rubrum)

3. Apple Tree (Malus Domestica)

4. Rose (Rosa Indica)

5. Pea Plant (Pisum Sativa)

3)

1. Cotyledons

   Monocotyledon-Have one cotyledons

   Dicotyledon-Have two cotyledons

2. Leaf Venation

   Monocotyledon-Parallel

   Dicotyledon-reticulate

3. Flower parts

   Monocotyledon-Multiples of three

   Dicotyledon-Multiples of four or five

4. Root system

   Monocotyledon-Fibrous

   Dicotyledon-Taproot

5. Vascular Bundles

   Monocotyledon-Scattered

   Dicotyledon-Arranged in a ring

6. Secondary growth

   Monocotyledon-Absent(usually)

   Dicotyledon-Present(woody growth common)

1. Sugarcane - Saccharum officinarum

2. Barley - Hordeum vulgare

3. Onion - Allium cepa

4. Garlic - Allium sativum

5. Lily - Lilium spp.

b. Dicotyledon :

1. Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum

2. Pea - Pisum sativus

3. Oak - Quercus spp.

4. Cucumber - Cucumis sativus

5. Lavender - Lavandula angustifolia

c. Distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants :

Monocots

1. Stem Structure : Generally herbaceous ( non - woody ) with fewer secondary growths

2. Seed Structures : Seeds often smaller and have less stored energy

3. Flowering Plants : Tupically found in grasses, lilies, and orchids

4. Leaf Structure : Leaves usually have a narrow shape and elongated form.

Dicots:

1. Stem Structure : Can be herbaceous or woody, with significant secondary growth

2. Seed Structure : Seed are often larger and contain more stored energy ( strach )

3. Flowering Plants : Includes a wide variety of plants, such as roses, sunflowers, and beans

4. Leaf Structure : Leaves often broader with a wide a range of shape and sizes

a. Barley - Hordeum vulgare

b. Ginger - Zingiber officinale

c. Orchids - Orchidaceae

d. Daffodil - Narcissus

e. Sweet potato - Ipomoea batatas

2)

a. Lady finger - Abelmoschus esculentus

b. Papaya - Carica papaya

c. Guava - Psidium guajava

d. Carrots - Daucus carota

e. Sunflowers - Helianthus annuus

Monocotyledon

• fibrous root system

• parallel venation

• have single cotyledon

Dicotyledon

• have a pair of cotyledons

• have a tap root system

• have reticulate or net venation

1.Pineapple ( Ananas comosus)

2.Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera)

3.Orchid (Orchidaceae)

4.Bamboo (Bambusoideae)

5.Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

Dicotyledon Plants:

1.Carrot (Daucus carota)

2.Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)

3.Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa)

4.Almond (Prunus dulcis)

5.Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

Diffrences between Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon.

1. Number of Seed Leaves (Cotyledons):

•Monocotyledons (Monocots): 1 seed leaf.

•Dicotyledons (Dicots): 2 seed leaves.

2. Leaf Veins:

•Monocots: Parallel veins.

•Dicots: Branched or net-like veins.

3. Stem Structure:

•Monocots: Vascular bundles scattered.

•Dicots: Vascular bundles arranged in a ring.

4. Root System:

•Monocots: Fibrous roots (many thin roots).

•Dicots: Taproot (one main root).

5. Flower Parts:

•Monocots: Flower parts in multiples of 3.

•Dicots: Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5.

a. corn = zea mays

b. Banana tree = Musa acuminata

c. Paddy = Oryza Sativa

d. Onion = Allium cepa

e. Palm tree= Cocos nucifera

2)

a. Papaya = carica papaya

b. Avocado = Persia americana

c. cotton tree = Gossypium hirsutum

d. cocoa tree = Theobroma cocoa

e. Potato tree = Solanum tuberosum

3)

Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants.

monocotyledons

• have a one cotyledon

• scattered vascular bundles

• monocot have parallel veins (linear shape)

• have fibrous root systems

• flower parts in three or multiple three

dicotyledons

• have two cotyledons

• Stem vascular bundles

• Branched leaf veins

• have taproot systems

• flower part in four or five

( E23A2636 )

i ) List 5 monocot plants with their scientific name.

- Tulips ( Tulipa )

- Orchids ( Orchidaceae )

- Grass ( Poaceae )

- Lilies ( Lilium )

- Daffodil ( Narcissus )

ii ) List 5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific name.

- Cotton ( Gossypium )

- Coffee Bean Plant ( Coffea )

- Impatien Plants ( Impatiens )

- Pea Plant ( Lathyrus Oleraceus )

- Squash Plant ( Cucurbita )

iii ) Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants.

> Monocotyledons

- 1 cotyledon

- Often linear shapes

- Flower part in 3 or multiple 3

- Fibrous roots

- Scattered vascular bundle

> Dicotyledons

- 2 cotyledons

- Often broad shape

- Flower part in 3s and 4s or multiple of 3 and 4

- Branching roots

- Vascular bundle in single cylinder

Five monocot plants along with their scientific names :

1) Sugarcane - Saccharum officinarum

2) Barley - Hordeum vulgare

3) Bamboo - Bambusa vulgaris

4) Grass - Poaceae

5) Coconut palm - Cocos nucifera

Five dicotyledon plants with their scientific names :

1) Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum

2) cabbage - Brassica oleracea

3) Cucumber - Cucumis sativus

4) Avocado - Persea americana

5) Pea - Pisum sativum

Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants :

monocotyledon :

Leaves ( Parallel venation)

( Usually narrow and elongated)

Flower ( Floral parts typically in multiples of three)

Dicotyledons

Leaves ( Net or branched venation)

( Usually broad and flat )

Flowers ( Floral parts typically in multiples of four or five )

1. Rice – Oryza sativa

2. Maize – Zea mays

3. Wheat – Triticum aestivum

4. Banana – Musa acuminata

5. Orchid – Phalaenopsis amabilis

---

~ 5 Dicotyledon Plants with their Scientific Names

1. Bean – Phaseolus vulgaris

2. Sunflower – Helianthus annuus

3. Mango – Mangifera indica

4. Rose – Rosa indica

5. Pea – Pisum sativum

---

~ Monocot vs Dicot Characteristics.

Vascular Bundle Arrangement:

• Monocots: Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.

• Dicots: Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring inside the stem.

Root System:

• Monocots: Have a fibrous root system (roots spread out from the base).

• Dicots: Have a taproot system (one main root grows deep).

Pollen Structure:

• Monocots: Pollen grains have a single furrow or pore (monosulcate).

• Dicots: Pollen grains have three furrows or pores (trisulcate).

Secondary Growth:

• Monocots: Generally lack secondary growth (no true wood formation).

• Dicots: Often show secondary growth, leading to thicker stems and wood formation.

1.Pineapple ( Ananas comosus )

2.Agave ( Agave americana )

3.Iris ( Iris germanica )

4.Yucca ( Yucca filamentosa )

5.Arums ( Arum maculatum )

2)

1.Rose ( Rosa indica )

2.Sunflower ( Helianthus annus )

3.Pea ( Pisum sativum )

4.Mango ( Mangifera indica )

5.Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum )

3)

1.Flower parts

monocotyledon - in multiples of 3

dicotyledon - in multiple of 4 or 5

2.Leaf venation

monocotyledon - parallel venation

dicotyledon - reticulate vemation

3.Feed structure

monocotyledon - one cotyledon

dicotyledon - two cotyledon

• Jagung (Yea mays)

• Halia(Zingiber officinale)

• Padi(Oryza sativa)

• Lidah buaya(Aloe vera)

• Bawang(Allium cepa)

2.Dicotyledon

• Rose (Rosa spp)

• Cili (Capsium spp)

• Terung (Solanum melongena)

• Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

• Apple (Malus domestica)

  
  

3.

-Monocots have fibrous roots while dicotyledon are developed with a tap root system

-Monocots flower have 3 parts in a whorl, while dicotyledon flower have four/five parts.

-Monocot pollen has one groove or pore, while dicotyledon have three.

-The main veins for monocot leaves are parallel, while those for dicots is tangled.

Corn (Zea mays)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

List 5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific name.

Rose (Rosa indica)

Mango (Mangifera indica)

Guava (Psidium guajava)

Papaya (Carica papaya)

Castor (Ricinus communis)

Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants.

Monocotyledon

-Single cotyledon

-Long and narrow leaves

-Parallel veins

-Fibrous root system

-Vascular bundle scattered

Dicotyledon

-Two cotyledon

-Broad leaves

-Network of veins

-Taproot system

-Vascular bundle in a ring

1. Coconut tree ( Cocos nucifera L )

2. Star Anies Flower ( Austrobaileyales )

3. Golden banana tree ( Musa paradisiaca )

4. Slipper orchids ( Cypripedioideae )

5. Aloe vera ( Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f )

5 dikotyledon plants :

1. Rambutan tree ( Nephelium lappaceum )

2. Rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis )

3. Durian tree ( Durio zibethinus Murr )

4. Seraya gading ( Shorea curtisii )

5. Merbau tree ( Intsia palembanica )

Characteristics of monocotyledons and dicotyledons :

monocotyledon -

1 . The roots are fibrous.

2. The stems are neither Woody nor soft-stemmed.

3. Seed pods - one cotyledon.

4. Leaves-parallel-veined.

5. Flower-has 3 whorls or petals.

dicotyledon -

1 . The root are taproot.

2. The stems are woody or hard-stemmed.

3. Seed pods - two cotyledons.

4. Leaves-mesh-veined.

5. Flowers-have 2, 4 or 5 whorls or petals.

1. Corn – Zea mays

2. Rice – Oryza sativa

3. Banana – Musa acuminata

4. Lily – Lilium longiflorum

5. Onion – Allium cepa

5 Dicotyledon Plants:

1. Sunflower – Helianthus annuus

2. Pea – Pisum sativum

3. Maple tree – Acer saccharum

4. Rose – Rosa indica

5. Bean – Phaseolus vulgaris

Distinct Morphological Characters:

Monocot Plants:

1. Seed Structure: Have a single cotyledon.

2. Leaf Venation: Parallel venation (veins run parallel to each other).

3. Flower Parts: Usually in multiples of three.

4. Root System: Fibrous root system (many thin roots of similar size).

5. Stem Vascular Bundles: Scattered throughout the stem.

Dicotyledon Plants:

1. Seed Structure: Have two cotyledons.

2. Leaf Venation: Net-like or reticulate venation (veins form a branched pattern).

3. Flower Parts: Usually in multiples of four or five.

4. Root System: Taproot system (a single main root with smaller branches).

5. Stem Vascular Bundles: Arranged in a ring within the stem.

• Laceleaf (Acorus gramineus)

• Iris (Iris germanica)

• Bromeliaceae (Ananas comosus)

• Zingiberales (Zingiber officinale)

• Spiderworts (Tradescantia virginiana)

2.Dicotyledon

• Almond (Prunus dulcis)

• Avocado (Persea americana)

• Cherry (Prunus avium)

• Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

• Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

3.Distinct Morphological Characters of Monocot and Dicotyledon Plants

- Seed Structure

• Monocotyledon: One cotyledon

• Dicotyledon: Two cotyledon

- Root System

• Monocotyledon: Fibrous root system

• Dicotyledon: Taproot system

- Leaf Venation

• Monocotyledon: Parallel venation

• Dicotyledon: Net-like or reticulate venation

-Stem Structure

• Monocotyledon: Vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem

• Dicotyledon: Vascular bundles arranged in a ring

-Flower Parts

• Monocotyledon: Floral organs usually in multiples of three

• Dicotyledon: Floral organs usually in multiples of four or five

1)Rice (Oryza sativa)

2)Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

3)Corn (Zea mays)

4)Banana (Musa spp.)

5)Palm tree (Arecaceae family)

DICOTYLEDON PLANTS

1)Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

2)Rose (Rosa spp.)

3)Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

4)Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

5)Maple tree (Acer spp.)

Distinct Morphological Characteristics of Monocotyledon vs. Dicotyledon Plants

MONOCOTYLEDON

1) Monocotyledon has one Cotyledon (seed leaf)

2) Monocotyledon has fibrous root

3) The flowers part of Monocotyledon plants usually in multiples of three

4) Monocotyledon has scattered vascular bundles

5) Monocotyledon has parallel vexation

DICOTYLEDON

1) Dicotyledon have two cotyledons (seed leaves)

2) Dicotyledon have taproot system

3) The flowers part of Dicotyledon usually in multiples of four or five

4) Dicotyledon have vascular bundles arranged in a ring

5) Dicotyledon have reticulated (net-like) venation

b. Banana - Musa acuminata

c. Lily - Lilium spp.

d. Ginger - Zingiber officinale

e. Palm tree - Cocos nucifera

2) a. Sunflower - Helianthus annuus

b. Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum

c. Oak - Quercus robur

d. Lavender - Lavandula angustifolia

e. Common Bean - Phaseolus vulgaris

3). MONOCOT PLANTS

- Primarily have a fibrous root system.

- Stem vascular are scattered.

- Usually have flower parts in multiples of three.

- One cotyledon seeds.

- Parallel venation.

DICOTYLEDON PLANTS

- Often have a taproot system.

- Stem vascular bundles in a ring.

- Flower parts are typically in multiples of four or five.

- Two cotyledon seeds.

- Reticulate venation.

1. Rice (Oryza sativa)

2. Corn (Zea mays)

3. Banana (Musa acuminata)

4. Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

5. Orchid (Orchis mascula)

Dicotyledon

1. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

2. Pea (Pisum sativum)

3. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

4. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

5. Apple (Malus domestica)

   
   

Distinct Morphological Characteristics:

Monocots: One cotyledon, parallel veins in leaves, fibrous root system, flower part usually in multiples of three.

Dicots: Two cotyledons, network-like veins in leaves, taproot system, flower part usually in multiples of four or five

1. Bamboo - Bambusa spp

2. Coconut - Cocos nucifera

3. Aloe Vera- Aloe barbadensis

4. Banana - Musa spp

5. Sugarcane - Saccharum officinarum

Dicotyledon plants:

1. Tomato - Solanum lycopersium

2. Apple - Malus domestica

3. Sunflower - Helianthus annuus

4. Hibiscus - Hibiscus rasa-sinensis

5. Carrot - Daucus carata

Morphological differences between monocotyledon and dicotyledon :

1. Monocotyledon

• Parallel venation

• Typically in multiples of three

• Single pore

• Have one cotyledon

2. Dicotyledon

• Reticulate venation

• Typically in multiples of four or five

• Three pores

• Have two cotyledon

a) Ginger- Zingiber officinale

b) Asparagus- Asparagus officinalis

c) Garlic- Allium sativum

d) Sugarcane- Saccharum officinarum

e) Orchid- Phalaenopsis amabilis

2) list 5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific name.

a) Apple- Malus domestica

b) Pumpkin- Cucurbita pepo

c) Maple- Acer rubrum

d) Sunflower- Helianthus annuus

e) Blackberry- Rubus fruitcosus

3) Spot the distinct morphological character of monocot and dicotyledon plants.

a) Leaf Venation:

-Monocots: Parallel venation

-Dicots: Reticulate or net-like venation

b) Root system:

-Monocots: Fibrous root system

-Dicots: Taproot system

c) Flower Parts:

-Monocots: Floral parts usually in multiples of three

-Dicots: Floral parts usually in multiples of four or five

d)Stem structure:

-Monocots: Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.

-Dicots: Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

e)Seed Structure:

-Monocots: Seeds contain one cotyledon

-Dicots: Seeds contain two cotyledon

1. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

2. Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris)

3. Garlic (Allium sativum)

4. Pineapple (Ananas comosus)

5. Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific names :

1. Oak (Quercus robur)

2. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

3. Apple (Malus domestica)

4. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

5. Mango (Mangifera indica)

Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants.

1. Cotyledons (Seed Leaves)

- Monocots: Seeds contain one cotyledon.

- Dicots: Seeds contain two cotyledons.

2. Stem Structure

- Monocots: The stem has scattered vascular bundles, lacking a clear organization.

-Dicots: Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, leading to the potential for secondary growth (thickening of the stem).

3. Leaf Shape

-Monocots: Leaves tend to be narrow with long, linear shapes (like grasses).

-Dicots: Leaves are often broader and vary in shape like heart-shaped and round.

1. Five Monocot Plants

• Rice: Oryza sativa

• Maize: Zea mays

• Banana: Musa acuminata

• Coconut: Cocos nucifera

• Onion: Allium cepa

2. Five Dicotyledon Plants

• Sunflower: Helianthus annuus

• Mango: Mangifera indica

• Rose: Rosa indica

• Bean: Phaseolus vulgaris

• Pea: Pisum sativum

3. Distinct Morphological Characters of Monocots and Dicots

• Cotyledons (seed leaves): Monocots have one, dicots have two.

• Leaf venation: Monocots have parallel veins, dicots have net-like veins.

• Flower parts: Monocots have flower parts in multiples of 3, dicots in multiples of 4 or 5.

• Root system: Monocots have fibrous roots, dicots have a taproot.

• Vascular bundles: Monocots have scattered bundles, dicots have them arranged in a ring.

• Sugarcane - Saccharum officinarum

• Garlic - Allium sativum

• Onion - Allium cepa

• Lily - Lilium spp.

• Palm Tree - Arecacea

2. 5 dicotyledon plants with their scientific name.

• Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum

• Rose - Rosa spp.

• Cotton - Gossypium hirsutum

• Pea - Pisum sativum

• Cucumber - Cucumis sativus

  
  

3. Spots the distinct morphological characters of monocot and dicotyledon plants

1) Cotyledons

Monocot - one cotyledons

Dicotyledon - two cotyledons

2) Leaf structure

Monocot - narrow and linear with parallel venation

Dicotyledon - broader with reticulate

3) Vascular bundle

Monocot - scattered vascular bundles in the stem

Dicotyledon - vascular bundles arranged in a ring

4) Root system

Monocot - adventitious root system, fibrous roots

Dicotyledon - typically a taproot system with secondary roots

5) Flower parts

Monocot - usually in multiples of three

Dicotyledon - typically in multiples of four or five