Thus, measurements are essential for manufacturing and quality control. ... Physical quantities are the substances which can be measured.

As you go to bed, you begin to wonder how and when you will wake up the next morning to go to work. Without measurement, there would be no clocks or alarms to awaken you at a selected time.  But on the positive side, if there were no measures  of time, then no one could ever know whether or not you were late for work. The very notion of being on time would vanish without measurement.

After you wake up, you could not use an electric stove, oven, or microwave to make breakfast or coffee, because these devices rely on measurements of temperature or time to heat food and beverages.  Nor could you use a modern refrigerator, since refrigeration requires measurement to keep food and beverages at a preset temperature.

In commuting to work, you could not drive because modern automobiles use onboard computers, which rely on measurement to control the ignition system.

Even if you could drive a car, you could never know how fast you were going because you would not have a speedometer. But, on the plus side, the police would never be able to pull you over for speeding because, without measurement, there would be no radar to enforce the speed limit. Indeed, there could be no speed limits without measurement.

At work, you could not use a computer, since computers require measurement in order to operate. Nor could you use a land-line telephone, cell phone, or fax machine to communicate with others, because these devices rely on measurement to operate.

Forget about flying, or taking a bus, train, or ocean liner on an intercontinental business trip; and forget about traveling overseas. Long-distance transportation and navigation would be impossible without the measurement of distance, speed, time, direction, and fuel.

And with respect to business and commerce, forget about keeping track of financial revenues and expenses, profits and losses, or savings and costs. Without measurement, people could not know how much money they have or how much money they are spending. 

In a world in which no measurement tools exist, there could be no modern medicine, healthcare, surgery,and in a measureless world, there could be no science. Because “The history of measurement is the history of science.”
-Cherry Mae P. Abadia

Above are few of items where I thought measurement is important. If we don't have measurements then we could not be able to many arithmetic calculations.