Examine the ways in which the global issue of your choice is presented through the content and form of two of the works that you have studied. (40 marks) 

simile- A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things, using like or as
enjambement- the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.
caesura- a pause that occurs within a line of poetry, usually marked by some form of punctuation such as a period, comma, ellipsis, or dash.

assonance-  is a resemblance in the sounds of words/syllables either between their vowels or between their consonants
consonance- a stylistic literary device identified by the repetition of identical or similar consonants in neighboring words whose vowel sounds are different.
polysyndeton -  the repeated use of coordinating conjunctions to connect different items in a sentence. The repetition of conjunctions—and, but, or, nor—in close succession is a deliberate style choice to place emphasis on each listed word or phrase.
Asyndeton- the omission of the conjunctions that ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses, as in the phrase “I came, I saw, I conquered”
symbolism- is a literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent
something beyond the literal meaning
Imagery - the name given to the elements in a poem that spark off the senses. Despite "image" is a synonym for "picture",
images need not be only visual; any of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell) can respond to what a poet writes.
Zoomorphinsm- a literary technique in which animal attributes are imposed upon non-animal objects, humans, and events; and animal features are ascribed to humans, gods, and other objects.

•Testimonial- quotations or endorsements which connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item. 

•Loaded Words- example- new, improved, better, safe, best

•Misuse of statistics- When the statistics are based on a falsehood.

•Name calling or stereotyping- smears or damages a person, used by politicians. 

•Plain Folks- Makes the leaders look like plain folks (mom and pop style), a convincing method to show they are just common people. Opposite of snob appeal. 

•Snob Appeal- aims to flatter 

•Transfer- Transfer tries to make you view something in the same way as they view something else.

 












 

Prompts- 

non-lit- Eli Rezkallah recreated old sexist advertisements: https://www.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/old-school-ads-recreated-in-parallel-universe-eli-rezkallah-coverimage.jpg

Lit- little red cap: https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1288160230/f0d7155c555775b839122a406ede36d3/Screenshot_2021_08_14_at_1_38_54_PM.png

 

Intro

-       The literary work chosen is ‘Little Red Cap’ by Carol Ann Duffy. It is picked up from the world’s wife. 

-       World’s wife – empowerment, roles of females- ill-treated. fictional, biblical, mythical, and historical contexts.

-       The non-literary work chosen is one of Eli Rezkallah’s advertisements for Chase and Sanborn. This is picked up from the series of ‘In a parallel universe’,

-       Light- causal sexism- old school advertising by switching 

-       Both represent global issue- gender and power 

 

-       ‘I first clapped eyes on the wolf’ ‘I made quite sure he spotted me’ – 1st person pronouns 

-       Imply innocence and Inexperience – not inaccurate 

-       Speaker shows awareness of the role she is playing – attention – wolfs eye 

-       Playing with her naivety – power comes, paradoxically, from her lack of power

 

-        Refers to first sexual experience with the wolf as ‘lesson one ... the love poem’, -metaphor 

-        Describes intercourse as a literary form

-        Allusion to Sylvia Plath’s poem ‘daddy’ - portrays a damaging power imbalance between a young girl and an older man.

-        Daddy has the line ‘Every woman adores a Fascist’…. Rhetorical question in little red cap- ‘for / what little girl doesn't love a wolf?’

-        Toxic power imbalance, toxic masculinity in coming-of-age. 

-        Question implies - enjoyment of the toxic power dynamic. 

 

-        Stanza 6- metaphor – compare - the oppressive nature of their relationship to a mushroom growing form 

-        Enjambment – ‘the mouth of a buried corpse, a dead body’

-        Murder of wolf- the little red cap breaks free from the power dynamic and the patriarchal norms.

-        Implies- she grows if the wolf is silenced. 

 

-        non-literary work chosen is one of Eli Rezkallah’s advertisements for Chase and Sanborn – explore the global issue of gender and power. 

-        The caption ‘if your husband ever finds out’ and the reverse of the advertisement and gender role on the caption- same theme – fresh coffee.

-        Symbolised with workforce and role in focus

-        Original advertisement- women were not able to serve good coffee- vulnerable victim of domestic abuse and violence. 

 

-        Verbal and visual expression - theme – verbally man was offensive to wife, balance by unthreatened facial expression of wife. – everyday habit – normalised. 

-        Dress, apron, shoes – stereotypical expectations - housewife serving her husband – dominant power

-        Message of abuse – verbal message – inability for good coffee. 

-        This act represents the dominant position of his husband in comparison to his wife, along with misogyny and taking control over women’s power

 

-        Neutral colours -visual representation - in the advertisement impacts the audience to think about dependency and household security. 

-        Reflects on the lack of respect and emotions w a conservative mindset – male – power.

-        Reversed roles – females clothing is changed – man has not been changed to a dress. 

-        Ironic - purpose was to break gender stereotypes but has failed to do so in the scenario of the male’s outfit.

 

 

 

-        All in all, the literary poem by Carol Ann Duffy and the non-literary advertisement by Eli Rezkallah both represent the global issues of how power comes with gender and their attempt to break that stereotype

-        Break down societal norms in their series of works – tww n iapu

 

- Lazarus, brother of Martha and Mary. Lived at Bethany, near Jerusalem.

- Jesus loved Lazarus and his sisters, however Lazarus died due to illness. Leading to, Jesus being greatly disturbed

- Lazarus had been entombed for four days

- Jesus arrived at Bethany after four days, Lazarus was raised from the dead by Jesus,  He emerged from his tomb wearing his burial clothes

- It was a miracle and many Jews saw it happening, the ones who had come to grieve

- This inspired many to believe in Jesus as the Christ, Mary anointed the feet of Jesus with expensive perfume

context with poem - 

1. Promoting or explaining services and products 
2. Explaining sales or internal survey data
3. Establishing your company as a thought leader
Editorial infographics can have myriad purposes, including: 

1. Stating facts or explaining processes

2. Exploring the history of a person or topic 

3. Comparing companies, countries, educational institutions, teams, and so on 

4. Supporting a political ideology

Salient features of an infographic- 
descriptive title and subheadings, informative statistics, cohesive colour schemes, eye-catching graphics, sequential narrative, and bold inflation e.g. unique facts.

qualities- 
- takes no more than 30-40seconds to read
- presents data accurately and ethically
- citations 
- tells a story in a simple and creative fashion

Everything in this novel is about Santiago Nasar. The story is centered on his murder, and he's rich, engaged to be married, likes to party, and has a bunch of guns. 

Angela has no spunk or spark of life; she's a wimpy little girl, exactly how her mom wanted her to be. Angela is also forced into the marriage with Bayardo by her family as if she had absolutely no free will. Just like Divina Flor, Angela just gave in to her fate as if it were inevitable.
Angela completely changed when she returned to her family. She's no longer under the thumb of her mother, not afraid of anything, and totally independent. She's not even ashamed of what happened and is willing to tell everyone the story. That's a  different Angela from the one we met as a teenager.

Why is Angela able to turn her life around? Maybe it's because she didn't have anything to fear anymore. The girls in the town had to protect their honor with all of their might. That's what made them 'good girls'. But the worst had already happened, Angela. So what was there for her to be afraid of? 

the brothers mainly function as a vehicle for certain cultural values throughout the story. The word machismo is used to describe sexism, misogyny, chauvinism, and hyper-masculinity.  In many Latin American societies, men are expected to display this sort of super masculine and aggressive behavior. Part of that is defending one's honor. So Angela's brothers, Pedro and Pablo are basically required to go and kill Santiago. Even if they're killed in the process, then at least they get the honor of trying to kill him. If they don't even try, then they will have absolutely no respect in the community. They wouldn't be men anymore.

He's a handsome man and all the ladies in town admire him. He's a track engineer, who knows more about telegrams than the telegrapher, knows as much about medicine as a doctor, is a good drinker, goes to church, and swims better than the best swimmers in the town. He's also filthy rich, for him, money is the answer to everything.

Purísima del Carmen is meek (at least in appearance) and completely devotes herself to taking care of her husband and her children. She's completely self-effacing, lives to suffer, and is totally subject to the will of the men around her. 

If the fate of Pablo and Pedro is what happens to men in a society fueled by machismo, then Pura and her daughters are the female equivalents. So it's no wonder that Pura beats Angela for two hours straight when she finds out that she hasn't exactly been following the perfect daughter script. 

Men do not teach her, she teaches them. Her virginity is not taken; she takes men's virginity. Her honor can't be removed by something as simple as sex. She is also the only woman in the whole book who seems to actually be loved by someone, and not just part of a marriage of convenience.

Considering how much importance this town places on virginity and sex, you might be surprised that the woman with all of these positive attributes is a prostitute—but it's also no coincidence. A prostitute does not have to follow the same rules as the rest of the women in this patriarchal society. She doesn't have to maintain her virginity or do whatever men want her to. She is not dependent on men to take care of her; she makes her own money and has her own job. In other words, she's an independent woman.

The narrative is non-linear. The narrator begins the story by telling us about Santiago Nasar's household the morning he was murdered. In the course of the chapter, we learn that Santiago lived with his mother, Placida Linero; their cook, Victoria Guzman; and her daughter, Divina Flor. Santiago's father, Ibrahim Nasar, has died three years previously. After his father died, Santiago took over the family ranch, which has been very successful; the Nasars are wealthy in their community.

The day that Santiago is murdered was a significant day in town because the Bishop was coming by boat to bless the marriage of Angela Vicario and Bayardo San Roman. Many people were heading over to the dock to see the boats. Pedro and Pablo Vicario were sitting in the local milk-shop, which was en route to the dock, so that they could see Santiago Nasar either going or returning in order to track him down and kill him. The narrator's sister learns that Angela Vicario was returned home on the night of her wedding.

Bayardo San Roman had come to town to find a bride. After deciding on Angela, the courtship was short. Because Bayardo came from a prestigious, wealthy family, and the Vicarios were relatively poor, Angela did not really have a choice, even though she did not love Bayardo at the time they were wed.

The night before the murder, there had been lots of wedding revelry that had continued into the early morning at a local whorehouse run by Maria Alejandrina Cervantes, where Santiago Nasar had been carousing with the twins and the narrator until early in the morning. After returning home and finding their sister in disgrace, the Vicario brothers set out to avenge her honor by murdering Santiago Nasar. Even though they repeatedly announced their intent to murder him, the butcher, the police officer, and the Colonel all thought that the Vicarios are largely bluffing. Clothilde Armenta, the proprietor of the milk shop, even told the local priest about what the Vicario twins were threatening to do. However, in the excitement surrounding the arrival of the bishop, he forgot about her warning.

After the murder, the entire Vicario family left town because of the disgrace the combination of events had brought upon their family. A week after the murder, Bayardo San Roman left with his family; they came and retrieved him by boat. The Vicario brothers were imprisoned for three years. After their release from prison, Pablo proceeded to marry his betrothed, Prudencia Cotes, and Pedro went back into the armed forces.

After Bayardo returned Angela to her home on their wedding night, she fell in love with him. After she moved away from the town where she was disgraced, she wrote him letters every week for seventeen years, and eventually he returned to her.

For years after the crime, it was all anyone in the town spoke of. The narrator tells how his friend Cristo Bedoya searched frantically for Santiago the morning of the murder in order to warn him of the Vicario brothers' plan, but failed to find Santiago because he did not realize that Santiago had gone to the house of his fiance, Flora Miguel. Her father was the first to warn Santiago of the murder. At this point, there were crowds of people outside who had come to see the Bishop but had lingered because they had heard the rumor that Santiago was to be killed.

When he left Flora Miguel's house, Santiago was very confused. Clothilde Armenta yelled at him to run, and he ran the fifty yards to his front door. The Vicario brothers easily caught up with him, and stabbed him to death right outside of Santiago's front door.

https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/chrondeath/summary/#:~:text=The%20narrative%20outlines%20the%20events,returns%20her%20to%20her%20house. 

Unseen, Iago and Roderigo cry out to Brabantio that his daughter Desdemona has been stolen by and married to Othello, the Moor. Brabanzio finds that his daughter is indeed missing, and he gathers some officers to find Othello. Not wanting his hatred of Othello to be known, Iago leaves Roderigo and hurries back to Othello before Brabanzio sees him. At Othello’s lodgings, Cassio arrives with an urgent message from the duke: Othello’s help is needed in the matter of the imminent Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Not long afterward, Brabanzio arrives with Roderigo and others, and accuses Othello of stealing his daughter by witchcraft. When he finds out that Othello is on his way to speak with the duke, Brabanzio decides to go along and accuse Othello before the assembled senate.

Brabanzio’s plan backfires. The duke and senate are very sympathetic toward Othello. Given a chance to speak for himself, Othello explains that he wooed and won Desdemona not by witchcraft but with the stories of his adventures in travel and war. The duke finds Othello’s explanation convincing, and Desdemona herself enters at this point to defend her choice in marriage and to announce to her father that her allegiance is now to her husband. Brabanzio is frustrated but acquiesces and allows the senate meeting to resume. The duke says that Othello must go to Cyprus to aid in the defense against the Turks, who are headed for the island. Desdemona insists that she accompany her husband on his trip, and preparations are made for them to depart that night.

In Cyprus the following day, two gentlemen stand on the shore with Montano, the governor of Cyprus. A third gentleman arrives and reports that the Turkish fleet has been wrecked in a storm at sea. Cassio, whose ship did not suffer the same fate, arrives soon after, followed by a second ship carrying Iago, Roderigo, Desdemona, and Emilia, Iago’s wife. Once they have landed, Othello’s ship is sighted, and the group goes to the harbor. As they wait for Othello, Cassio greets Desdemona by clasping her hand. Watching them, Iago tells the audience that he will use “as little a web as this” hand-holding to ensnare Cassio (II.i.169).

Othello arrives, greets his wife, and announces that there will be reveling that evening to celebrate Cyprus’s safety from the Turks. Once everyone has left, Roderigo complains to Iago that he has no chance of breaking up Othello’s marriage. Iago assures Roderigo that as soon as Desdemona’s “blood is made dull with the act of sport,” she will lose interest in Othello and seek sexual satisfaction elsewhere (II.i.222). However, Iago warns that “elsewhere” will likely be with Cassio. Iago counsels Roderigo that he should cast Cassio into disgrace by starting a fight with Cassio at the evening’s revels. In a soliloquy, Iago explains to the audience that eliminating Cassio is the first crucial step in his plan to ruin Othello. That night, Iago gets Cassio drunk and then sends Roderigo to start a fight with him. Apparently provoked by Roderigo, Cassio chases Roderigo across the stage. Governor Montano attempts to hold Cassio down, and Cassio stabs him. Iago sends Roderigo to raise alarm in the town.

The alarm is rung, and Othello, who had left earlier with plans to consummate his marriage, soon arrives to still the commotion. When Othello demands to know who began the fight, Iago feigns reluctance to implicate his “friend” Cassio, but he ultimately tells the whole story. Othello then strips Cassio of his rank of lieutenant. Cassio is extremely upset, and he laments to Iago, once everyone else has gone, that his reputation has been ruined forever. Iago assures Cassio that he can get back into Othello’s good graces by using Desdemona as an intermediary. In a soliloquy, Iago tells us that he will frame Cassio and Desdemona as lovers to make Othello jealous.

In an attempt at reconciliation, Cassio sends some musicians to play beneath Othello’s window. Othello, however, sends his clown to tell the musicians to go away. Hoping to arrange a meeting with Desdemona, Cassio asks the clown, a peasant who serves Othello, to send Emilia to him. After the clown departs, Iago passes by and tells Cassio that he will get Othello out of the way so that Cassio can speak privately with Desdemona. Othello, Iago, and a gentleman go to examine some of the town’s fortifications.

Desdemona is quite sympathetic to Cassio’s request and promises that she will do everything she can to make Othello forgive his former lieutenant. As Cassio is about to leave, Othello and Iago return. Feeling uneasy, Cassio leaves without talking to Othello. Othello inquires whether it was Cassio who just parted from his wife, and Iago, beginning to kindle Othello’s fire of jealousy, replies, “No, sure, I cannot think it, / That he would steal away so guilty-like, / Seeing your coming” (III.iii.37–39).

Othello becomes upset and moody, and Iago furthers his goal of removing both Cassio and Othello by suggesting that Cassio and Desdemona are involved in an affair. Desdemona’s entreaties to Othello to reinstate Cassio as lieutenant add to Othello’s almost immediate conviction that his wife is unfaithful. After Othello’s conversation with Iago, Desdemona comes to call Othello to supper and finds him feeling unwell. She offers him her handkerchief to wrap around his head, but he finds it to be “[t]oo little” and lets it drop to the floor (III.iii.291). Desdemona and Othello go to dinner, and Emilia picks up the handkerchief, mentioning to the audience that Iago has always wanted her to steal it for him.

Iago is ecstatic when Emilia gives him the handkerchief, which he plants in Cassio’s room as “evidence” of his affair with Desdemona. When Othello demands “ocular proof” (III.iii.365) that his wife is unfaithful, Iago says that he has seen Cassio “wipe his beard” (III.iii.444) with Desdemona’s handkerchief—the first gift Othello ever gave her. Othello vows to take vengeance on his wife and on Cassio, and Iago vows that he will help him. When Othello sees Desdemona later that evening, he demands the handkerchief of her, but she tells him that she does not have it with her and attempts to change the subject by continuing her suit on Cassio’s behalf. This drives Othello into a further rage, and he storms out. Later, Cassio comes onstage, wondering about the handkerchief he has just found in his chamber. He is greeted by Bianca, a prostitute, whom he asks to take the handkerchief and copy its embroidery for him.

Through Iago’s machinations, Othello becomes so consumed by jealousy that he falls into a trance and has a fit of epilepsy. As he writhes on the ground, Cassio comes by, and Iago tells him to come back in a few minutes to talk. Once Othello recovers, Iago tells him of the meeting he has planned with Cassio. He instructs Othello to hide nearby and watch as Iago extracts from Cassio the story of his affair with Desdemona. While Othello stands out of earshot, Iago pumps Cassio for information about Bianca, causing Cassio to laugh and confirm Othello’s suspicions. Bianca herself then enters with Desdemona’s handkerchief, reprimanding Cassio for making her copy out the embroidery of a love token given to him by another woman. When Desdemona enters with Lodovico and Lodovico subsequently gives Othello a letter from Venice calling him home and instating Cassio as his replacement, Othello goes over the edge, striking Desdemona and then storming out.

That night, Othello accuses Desdemona of being a whore. He ignores her protestations, seconded by Emilia, that she is innocent. Iago assures Desdemona that Othello is simply upset about matters of state. Later that night, however, Othello ominously tells Desdemona to wait for him in bed and to send Emilia away. Meanwhile, Iago assures the still-complaining Roderigo that everything is going as planned: in order to prevent Desdemona and Othello from leaving, Roderigo must kill Cassio. Then he will have a clear avenue to his love.

Iago instructs Roderigo to ambush Cassio, but Roderigo misses his mark and Cassio wounds him instead. Iago wounds Cassio and runs away. When Othello hears Cassio’s cry, he assumes that Iago has killed Cassio as he said he would. Lodovico and Graziano enter to see what the commotion is about. Iago enters shortly thereafter and flies into a pretend rage as he “discovers” Cassio’s assailant Roderigo, whom he murders. Cassio is taken to have his wound dressed.

Meanwhile, Othello stands over his sleeping wife in their bedchamber, preparing to kill her. Desdemona wakes and attempts to plead with Othello. She asserts her innocence, but Othello smothers her. Emilia enters with the news that Roderigo is dead. Othello asks if Cassio is dead too and is mortified when Emilia says he is not. After crying out that she has been murdered, Desdemona changes her story before she dies, claiming that she has committed suicide. Emilia asks Othello what happened, and Othello tells her that he has killed Desdemona for her infidelity, which Iago brought to his attention.

Montano, Graziano, and Iago come into the room. Iago attempts to silence Emilia, who realizes what Iago has done. At first, Othello insists that Iago has told the truth, citing the handkerchief as evidence. Once Emilia tells him how she found the handkerchief and gave it to Iago, Othello is crushed and begins to weep. He tries to kill Iago but is disarmed. Iago kills Emilia and flees, but he is caught by Lodovico and Montano, who return holding Iago captive. They also bring Cassio, who is now in a chair because of his wound. Othello wounds Iago and is disarmed. Lodovico tells Othello that he must come with them back to Venice to be tried. Othello makes a speech about how he would like to be remembered, then kills himself with a sword he had hidden on his person. The play closes with a speech by Lodovico. He gives Othello’s house and goods to Graziano and orders that Iago be executed.

https://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/othello/summary/

The play’s protagonist and hero. A Christian Moor and general of the armies of Venice, Othello is an eloquent and physically powerful figure, respected by all those around him. In spite of his elevated status, he is nevertheless easy prey to insecurities because of his age, his life as a soldier, and his race. He possesses a “free and open nature,” which his ensign Iago uses to twist his love for his wife, Desdemona, into a powerful and destructive jealousy.

The daughter of the Venetian senator Brabanzio. Desdemona and Othello are secretly married before the play begins. While in many ways stereotypically pure and meek, Desdemona is also determined and self-possessed. She is equally capable of defending her marriage, jesting bawdily with Iago, and responding with dignity to Othello’s incomprehensible jealousy.

Othello’s ensign (a job also known as an ancient or standard-bearer), and the villain of the play. Iago is twenty-eight years old. While his ostensible reason for desiring Othello’s demise is that he has been passed over for promotion to lieutenant, Iago’s motivations are never very clearly expressed and seem to originate in an obsessive, almost aesthetic delight in manipulation and destruction.

Othello’s lieutenant. Cassio is a young and inexperienced soldier, whose high position is much resented by Iago. Truly devoted to Othello, Cassio is extremely ashamed after being implicated in a drunken brawl on Cyprus and losing his place as lieutenant. Iago uses Cassio’s youth, good looks, and friendship with Desdemona to play on Othello’s insecurities about Desdemona’s fidelity.

Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s attendant. A cynical, worldly woman, she is deeply attached to her mistress and distrustful of her husband.

A jealous suitor of Desdemona. Young, rich, and foolish, Roderigo is convinced that if he gives Iago all of his money, Iago will help him win Desdemona’s hand. Repeatedly frustrated as Othello marries Desdemona and then takes her to Cyprus, Roderigo is ultimately desperate enough to agree to help Iago kill Cassio after Iago points out that Cassio is another potential rival for Desdemona.

A courtesan, or prostitute, in Cyprus. Bianca’s favorite customer is Cassio, who teases her with promises of marriage.

Desdemona’s father, a somewhat blustering and self-important Venetian senator. As a friend of Othello, Brabanzio feels betrayed when the general marries his daughter in secret.