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         <description><![CDATA[<div>Fakebook</div>]]></description>
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         <title>John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1689 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998, 2nd ed).</title>
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         <title>African Voiceshttp://www.mnh.si.edu/africanvoices/</title>
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         <title>African Studies Center				http://www.africa.upenn.edu/About_African/ww_hist.html</title>
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         <title>African American History Chapter 2 Exam1.	The cultivation of rice, __________, and tobacco increased British importation of African slave labor into North America.2.	Which of the following was the most important reason that the British abolished the Atlantic slave trade in 1807?A) 	The British had begun to believe that racism was scientifically incorrect.B) 	The British had begun to view the slave trade as violating their religious beliefs.C) 	Many stories had been spread in Europe about the benefits of the slave trade.D) 	The British economy was less dependent on agriculture by the late 1700s.        3.   How were the lives of Creole slaves different from other slaves?A) 	Creoles were generally more familiar with European languages.B) 	Creoles never became accustomed to the diseases and new climate of North America.C) 	Creoles refused to help train new arrivals.D) 	Creoles were considered less valuable than other Africans.	       4. How did “the scramble” operate aboard slave ships?A) 	The captain allowed the buyer to set the price of a slave.B) 	The captain set standard prices and then allowed the buyers to grab their slaves.C) 	The captain allowed African slaves to determine their own purchase price and bargain with the potential buyer.D) 	The captain transferred the slaves to a third-party for official sale.        5.  French slave traders rested their slave passengers on which of the following Caribbean islands?A) 	BarbadosB) 	MartiniqueC) 	CubaD) 	Aruba        6. What does the story of John Newton, a British slave-ship captain, indicate about the Atlantic slave trade?A) 	Christians did not participate in the Atlantic slave trade.B) 	Christians loved African people.C) 	Ships&#39; captains filled their ships with slaves quickly, usually in one stop at an African trading center.D) 	Christians could be cruel, harsh slavers       7. 	What was a common characteristic of a typical slave ship?A) 	Slaves were separated by class position to prevent rebellion.B) 	Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible to maximize profit.C)	Mortality rates were very low due to the presence of many Africans.D) 	Slave ships were generally poorly constructed, and were more likely to fall apart at sea.        8. According to the Voices excerpt titled “The Journal of a Dutch Slaver,” what were the major challenges experienced by the Dutch slaver?A) 	Native Americans attacked the vessel.B) 	Too much food was given to the African slaves aboard the ship, leading to illness.C) 	Pirates raided the West African slaves at the end of the journeyD) 	The ship’s surgeon died of dysentery.        9. Grog, the favorite drink of European sailors in the Atlantic slave trade, was a mixture of which of the following items?A) 	wine and beerB) 	water and rumC) 	whiskey and milkD) 	fruit juice and water       10. Which of the following diseases vied with dysentery to kill the most slaves while aboard slave ships?A) 	typhoidB) 	measlesC) 	smallpoxD) 	influenza        11. Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late-seventeenth century?A) 	Their ongoing war with France demanded a supply of soldiers.B) 	They needed labor for tobacco and sugar cultivation in North America and the Caribbean.C) 	The availability of Native American labor was dwindling.D) 	They had begun to establish cotton plantations in Brazil and needed labor         12. In what form did the Portuguese use captured slaves until the early sixteenth century?A) 	as domestic servantsB) 	as labor in the sugar cane fields of North AmericaC) 	as soldiers in some of the Europeans&#39; wars of the eraD) 	as teachers of African culture and language for wealthy, young Portuguese children               13.   Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?A) 	Antam GoncalvezB) 	Oba DahomeyC) 	Ruy do SiqueiraD) 	Bartolomeu Dias         14.   Which of the following groups conducted the Islamic slave trade? A) 	Chinese sailorsB) 	English farmersC) 	Sudanese horsemenD) 	Russian soldiers         15.  Which accomplishment did the Portuguese achieve before other European nations?A) 	rounding the Cape of Good HopeB) 	sailing around AlaskaC) 	the discovery of the New WorldD) 	reaching Antarctica          16. Which European country took the lead in the exploration and colonization of Africa, Asia, and the Americas in the early 1400s?A) 	PortugalB) 	FranceC) 	EnglandD) 	Switzerland           17. Why did Europeans need labor from Africa for their colonies in the Americas?A) 	Native Americans quickly began to die in huge numbers from European diseases.B) 	Native Americans refused to be captured or work as slaves in fields or mines.C) 	Europeans avoided Native American people and did not seek their labor.D) 	Native Americans relocated to Europe for survival.            18. What was the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry?A) 	The Islamic slave trade did not exist in Africa prior to European entry.B) 	The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race.C) 	The Islamic slave trade mainly captured adult males for agricultural labor.D) 	Slavery and the slave trade under Islamic society were as harsh as the European version in the Americas.            19.  After arriving off the Guinea Coast, Portuguese captains traded with African leaders for which of the following items?A) 	jadeB) 	hempC) 	ivoryD) 	salt            20.  Why did Africans enslave other Africans and sell them to Europeans?A) 	Africans viewed other Africans in terms of racial solidarity and wanted to help them.B) 	Warfare among African tribes led to selling defeated tribes to make money and to get rid of opponents.C) 	African leaders were forced by their own people under threat of annihilation to sell other Africans to the Europeans.D) 	Africans wanted to move to Europe and create colonies.             21. What steps did the Europeans take to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa?A) 	Slaves were kept drugged.B) 	Families and ethnic groups were separated.C) 	Men and women were confined in the same rooms.D) 	Europeans did not really have to take many steps, as the completely overwhelmed Africans often submitted to the process.            22. Regarding provisions on slave ships, which of the following was eaten by a slave ship’s crew?A) 	caviarB) 	yamsC) 	cheeseD) 	rice             23. How would an African most likely become a slave?A) 	European armies raided the interior of Africa for people.B) 	Thinking they would have a better life in the Americas, many sold themselves voluntarily.C) 	Their town or village was conquered by another African army.D) 	They were members of a very poor tribe that frequently sold children to make money.            24.  What was a common way for slaves to rebel or resist their imprisonment while at sea?A) 	stealing life boats and rowing back to AfricaB) 	bribing the European crew with moneyC) 	attacking other African slavesD) 	refusing to eat            25. What is the relationship between bathroom facilities and slave ships?A) 	Three or four toilet tubs were provided below decks for the slaves to use during the Middle Passage.B) 	Children had a relatively easy time of using the tubs due to adult assistance.C) 	Africans who could not physically use the toilet were assisted by the ship’s crew.D) 	No major diseases surfaced from the bathroom facility arrangement.            26. How did African women&#39;s experiences differ from African men&#39;s experiences on slave ships?A) 	Crews isolated African women in separate slave ships.B) 	African women experienced sexual violence from the crew. C) 	African women controlled African men during the Middle Passage.D) 	African women were spared psychological and physical punishment.             27. What was typical of the slave-selling process in the West Indies?A) 	Slavers allowed the slaves some time to rest and recuperate before sale.B) 	Slavers adhered to a scrupulous code of ethics and refused to sell a sick or injured slave.C) 	The sale process was very quick once the slaves reached the West Indies.D) 	New owners were given detailed, written histories of their slaves, including accurate medical information.28. The time period of “seasoning” a slave in the Americas lasted no more than how many years?A)	 8 yearsB) 	6 yearsC) 	4 yearsD) 	2 years29. Why did the African kingdoms of Guinea and western Central Africa fight fiercely to continue participation in the slave trade?A) 	The kingdoms had developed a religious dedication to the slave trade.B) 	Tribal women wanted the slave trade continued.C) 	The kingdoms were economically dependent on the slave trade.D) 	The British government forced Africans to continue the slave trade.              30. As early as 1502, African slaves lived on the island of ____________</title>
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         <pubDate>2019-03-28 16:09:16 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Black Chicago Renaissancehttp://www.chicagohistoryfair.org/for-teachers/curriculum/black-chicago-renaissance.html</title>
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         <pubDate>2019-03-28 16:12:18 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Hammurabi&#39;s Code</title>
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         <pubDate>2019-03-31 03:34:26 UTC</pubDate>
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