08.Ane Kortaxarena - CHAPTER 11 - Control and Robotics by Ane Kortaxarena De la Rica https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k ane kortaxarena en-us 2025-03-19 13:22:55 UTC 2025-06-06 06:50:05 UTC hello@padlet.com Definition kortaxarenaane https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376593616

  • A robot is a machine that performs a task or a variety of tasks automatically following a program

  • A program is a list of orders

  • Robots perform their tasks by following that list

  • Robot simple = automatism

  • "Programmable robots" are those for which we can change the program so that they perform different tasks, they have microprocessor or they are controlledby an external computer

  • The software is stored in a memory an run by a processor

  • The commands are written in a programming language

  • Control is the part of the robot which is dedicated to regulating and governing the actions of the robot according to real-life situations

  • If the ship has deviated a lot, it moves the rudder a lot

  • If the ship has only deviated a little, it moves the rudder only a little

    • ]]>     2025-03-21 12:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376593616     Parts of a robot kortaxarenaane https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594041 Actuator (arm)

    • Most robots are "robotic arms" which work in production lines

    • The actuator has a "manipulator" and a system of articulations

    • The manipulator acts on the product which passes along the production line

    • They could be a paint gun that paints cars in a car factory, a screwdriver that tightens the screw of toasters on a toaster assembly line, etc

    • The system of articulations move the manipulator to the correct place

    Power system

    • Generates the power necessary to move the arm and the manipulator of the robot

    • There are 3 types of power system: electric, pneumatic and hydraulic

      1. Electric power system

        • Are the most common way to power robots

        • There are 3 types: AC motor, DC motor and step-by-step motor

        • AC motor and DC motor requiere constant control

        • Step-by-step motor don't requiere sensors for position control, they move a number of steps forward and the controller has a memory to remember how many steps they have to move

      2. Pneumatic power system

        • Use compressed air as energy

        • A compressor compressed the air into a tank

        • The compressed air travels from the tank through a system of pipes and valves to the cylindres

        • The compressed air moves a piston inside the cylindres, which moves an acuator

      3. Hydraulic power system

        • Use the pressure in oil as energy

        • An oil pump adds pressure to the oil from a tank

        • The oil travels through a system of pipes

        • The oil moves the actuators and then returns to the tank

    Sensors

    • Detect position, temperature, acceleration, etc

    • Sensors pass the data to the processor as an electric signal

    • There are different types

      1. Position sensors

        • Are linear or angular

        • We use them to measure the position of an object, it's size or it's shape

        • Can be limit, switches, LDRs...

        • "Inductive sensors" detect metallic object without touching them

        • "Limit switches" are the simplest type of position sensors

        • LDRs are resistances made of a semiconductor material that varies it's resistivity with variations of light

      2. Force sensors

        • Different kinds of force sensors detect different forces

      3. Temperature sensors

        • Are very common

        • Are also used as safety devices in machines which have a risk of overheating

        • Computer also have this sensor

    The controller

    • Is the microprocessor that receives the signals from the sensors, "decides" what the actuators must do, and then "tells" the actuator and the articulations of the arm when to move or stop

    • The controller also have a memory to store


    ]]>     2025-03-21 12:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594041     Types of robots kortaxarenaane https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594181 We can classify robots in various ways:

    • Depending on the coordinate system:

      • Cartesian coordinates (robot moves in a line along the X,Y and Z axis)

      • Polar coordinates (robot rotates around X,Y and Z axis and robot needs to know how many degrees to rotate)

    • Depending on the degrees of freedom

      • Freedom are the number of axis along which the robotic arm cam move

      • The minimum is one and the maximum is 6

    • Depending on the energy used

      • Hydraulic

      • Pneumatic

      • Electric

    ]]>     2025-03-21 12:26:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594181     Uses and applications kortaxarenaane https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594338

  • Most robots "work" on production lines, especially where the activity is repetitive, dangerous or tiring

  • There are many different examples in production lines: metal, welding, sticking labels, etc

  • Robots are generally used if they have one or more of the following advantages:

    • More economical than a person

    • Faster than a person

    • Can work 24 hours a day

    • Producer better quality

    • Can work in dangerous places

    • ]]>     2025-03-21 12:27:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594338     History kortaxarenaane https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594465

  • It's hard to say exactly when robotics began

  • Some historians date the beggining of robotics to the middle ages, when machines were first used without direct human control

  • In the first half of the 20th century

    • Robots worked with relays were first used

    • Automatisms were simple but funcional

  • Modern robotics started with the development of microchips in the second half of the 10th century

  • Thanks to the microchips:

    • Logic can be more complex

    • Robots are programmable

    • Microchips are cheaper and more durable


    • ]]>     2025-03-21 12:27:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594465     Future kortaxarenaane https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594563 Artificial Intelligence

    • Is the capacity of the microprocessor to "learn from experience"

    Nano robots

    • Nano means "one million times smaller than the unit"

    • The name "nano robots" refers to their very small size

    • These robots have many potencial applications

    • They could also travel through the blood stream to a particular are of the body, and release a medicine there

    ]]>     2025-03-21 12:27:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kortaxarenaane/vpwrvprupb8zfe8k/wish/3376594563