https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9 en-us 2023-01-10 15:06:57 UTC 2023-01-12 15:32:10 UTC hello@padlet.com katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439461070 2023-01-10 15:07:40 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439461070 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439461674 2023-01-10 15:08:03 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439461674 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439464471 What is Malaria?
When was Malaria first discovered?
Where does Malaria exist?
Who does Malaria affect?
Why does Malaria affect so many living beings?
How does Malaria get diagnosed?

]]> 2023-01-10 15:09:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439464471 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439466683 - Caused by parasites that enter your body through the bite of an infected mosquito (vessel/vector)
- Mosquito-borne disease
- Bite: infected female Anopheles mosquitoes ]]> 2023-01-10 15:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439466683 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439468494 - Africa
- Central & South America
- Dominican Republic, Haiti, Caribbean
- Eastern Europe
- South & Southeast Asia
- Islands in the Central & South Pacific Ocean]]> 2023-01-10 15:11:42 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439468494 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439470194 #1 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15014-malaria
#2 https://www.malariavaccine.org/malaria-and-vaccines/vaccine-development/life-cycle-malaria-parasite
#3 https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/index.html
#4 https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/diagnosis.html
#5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688806/
#6 https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/clinicians1.html#:~:text=The%20preferred%20antimalarial%20for%20interim,)%2C%20quinine%2C%20and%20mefloquine.
#7 https://www.google.com/search?q=malaria+prevantaive+measures&rlz=1C5CHFA_enSG935SG935&oq=malaria+prevantaive+measures&aqs=chrome..69i57.4441j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8]]> 2023-01-10 15:12:39 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439470194 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439474295 - Dr. Alphonse Laveran, a military doctor
- A military hospital in Constantine in 1880 discovered the first Malaria parasite]]> 2023-01-10 15:14:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439474295 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439475588 - People who suffer from poverty 
- Children -> Old people 
- >90% of people who die from Malaria in Africa = Young children ]]> 2023-01-10 15:15:34 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439475588 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439481794 - Mosquitoes carrying the Malaria parasite is so widely distributed around the world and the Human Population Movement (HPM) links the transmission of the parasite with a various number of transmissions.]]> 2023-01-10 15:19:00 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439481794 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439484355 A healthcare provider will take a sample of the blood to see if malaria pesticides are present. The blood test will allow the doctor to identify the type of parasite causing your sickness. This blood test will determine the right treatment. ]]> 2023-01-10 15:20:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439484355 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439490198 2023-01-10 15:23:48 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439490198 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439494966 What is the lifecycle of Malaria?
What is the sequence of events that take place between after being bitten by a mosquito and full-blown illness?
What happens to/in the blood when a person contracts Malaria?
What happens in the mosquito? 

]]> 2023-01-10 15:26:39 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439494966 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439495889 2023-01-10 15:27:11 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439495889 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439496261 2023-01-10 15:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439496261 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439498904 2023-01-10 15:28:52 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439498904 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439799071 2023-01-10 18:31:56 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439799071 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439809795 The malaria infection begins when an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a person. This mosquito injects Plasmodium parasites (sporozoites) into the human bloodstream.

Sporozoites: a spore formed after fertilization; infectious form of the malaria parasite]]> 2023-01-10 18:39:15 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2439809795 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440236542 The Sporozoites enter into the human liver. ]]> 2023-01-11 02:54:03 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440236542 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440239210 These sporozoites multiply asexually in the liver cells. The incubation period is between the next 7 to 10 days leading to no symptoms. ]]> 2023-01-11 02:57:40 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440239210 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440240282 These parasites in the form of merozoites are released from the liver cells in vesicles. These parasites enter the heart and arrive at the liver, latching onto the lung capillaries. These vesicles eventually fall apart, releasing the merozoites to enter the blood. 

Merozoites: daughter parasites, schizont]]> 2023-01-11 02:59:03 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440240282 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440247956 Within the bloodstream, the merozoites invade the erythrocytes (red blood cells) and they multiply until cells explode. More erythrocytes begin to invade and cycle is repeated. ]]> 2023-01-11 03:08:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440247956 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440251897 Some infected blood cells leave the asexual multiplication. These cells do not replicate but instead these cells develop into sexual forms called gametocytes (sexual forms of the parasite) that circulate the blood stream. ]]> 2023-01-11 03:13:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440251897 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440256443 When a female mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests gametocytes which develops into gametes (mature sex cells). ]]> 2023-01-11 03:19:49 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2440256443 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441625969 These fertilized gametes develop into active ookinetes that stick onto the mosquito's midgut wall and form oocysts on the surface ]]> 2023-01-12 01:27:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441625969 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441631617 In the oocyst, many of active sporozoites develop. Once these oocyst bursts, these release sporozoites into the mosquito's body cavity and it travels to the mosquito's salivary glands. ]]> 2023-01-12 01:34:48 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441631617 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441632125 2023-01-12 01:35:34 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441632125 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441636960 During the erythrocytic development, malaria trophozoites consume and digest the hemoglobin the bloodstream, leading to parasite growth and asexual reproduction. This encourages the accumulation of toxic materials. ]]> 2023-01-12 01:41:35 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441636960 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441642014 Nothing. Unlike the human hosts, these infected mosquitoes do not suffer from the presence of these parasites]]> 2023-01-12 01:48:23 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441642014 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441643109 - How is Malaria diagnosed in America?
- How is Malaria diagnosed all over the world?
- What symptoms does Malaria show?
- Why is Malaria so dangerous?
- Why is the diagnosis of Malaria so difficult? 

]]> 2023-01-12 01:49:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441643109 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441644250 #1 Fever
#2 Flu-like sickness
#3 Chills
#4 Headaches
#5 Muscle-aches
#6 Tiredness
#7 Nausea
- Usually appear 10–15 days after the infective mosquito bite
- May be mild and difficult to recognize]]> 2023-01-12 01:51:21 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441644250 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441645234 If not treated Malaria can cause severe health problems such as...
- Seizures
- Brain damage 
- Trouble-breathing
- Organ failure 
- Death]]> 2023-01-12 01:52:35 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441645234 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441648591 The CDC (Center for Disease Control & Prevention) provides rapid and accurate diagnosis of the parasite. The CDC provides both diagnostic and technical assistance on the malaria diagnosis. CDC provides tests: serology, PCR, and any other drug-resistance testing.  ]]> 2023-01-12 01:56:44 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441648591 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441649823 #1 Malaria is not endemic anymore so health-care providers might not be familiar with the disease. Doctors may see a malaria patient may forget about considering malaria as a dangerous disease. (4)

#2 A clinical diagnosis of Malaria is also difficult as Malaria has non-specific signs and symptoms of the parasite which can also be seen as a common flu sickness. (5)]]> 2023-01-12 01:58:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441649823 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441667141 WHO, the World Health Organization, makes diagnosis by using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). These RDTs provide early and accurate tests results and helps to reduce the spread of the parasite. ]]> 2023-01-12 02:22:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441667141 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441669064 - How is malaria treated? 
- What types of treatment options are there?
- How does the treatment plans work and spread?]]> 2023-01-12 02:24:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441669064 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441683245 The preferential treatment for Malaria is...
#1 artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem), fast onset of action
#2 atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone)
#3 quinine
#4 mefloquine ]]> 2023-01-12 02:44:03 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441683245 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441685920 - Clinical status of the patient
- Infecting plasmodium species
- Drug susceptibility]]> 2023-01-12 02:47:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441685920 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441713295 - Primary Objective: rapid and efficiently complete elimination of the parasite 
- Effective Treatment: reduces transmission of the infection to others and develops resistance towards parasite and strains]]> 2023-01-12 03:24:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2441713295 katelynyang https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2442421927 Medications
- Drugs to prevent Malaria can be given to travelers to Malaria heavy areas
Protection
- Apply insect repellent to exposed skin 
- Wear long-sleeved clothing 
- Empty stale water to prevent mosquito breeding 
- Use a mosquito net 
- Spray insecticide and repellent on clothing (thick clothing)
- Spray insecticide in your bedroom 

]]> 2023-01-12 15:22:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katelynyang/vpdqlgqegels6rg9/wish/2442421927