The Mongol empire were strong by military alliances and good governmental power and they were affected by climate change which played a crucial  role in  the century the Mongol empire depended mostly on favorable climates that was sustainable for the way they lived and their military and  farming lifestyle. The benefits is that they had a stronger military alliance and bigger growth in crops. For example when it would rain there crops would have water but when it was droughts they would struggle a lot but they were able to go past the climate and weather changes which if they were affected again they would be able to prepare and know what to do if for example there was droughts and rain and so on. The empire  mainly focuses   on good weather to expand. They wanted  grasslands to feed their horses When the climate changed or temperature the grasslands started to die which made  their horses weak  and food supply weak. These problems made it hard for the Mongols to focus on their empire.

The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan in 1206, was the largest continuous empire in history. Despite the empire's brutal tactics it enabled the "Pax Mongolia", a hundred year long period of peace, stability, and trade. Climate has a major impact on the rise and fall of empires by affecting recourses, population health, and military power such as the Mongol Empire.Due to such a dependence on their environment the empire was at the climate's mercy, a dry summer meant less grass and that could easily lead to starvation in the winter months for both animals and people.People became healthier and had healthy offspring with longer lifespans. In the 14th century, a severe drought struck the region. As rainfall decreased, grasslands dried up, and food for both livestock and horses became scarce.The severe drought and environmental stress weakened the military, economy, and population, contributing significantly to the empire's decline. Climate change played a key role in the transformation and eventual

The Byzantine empire was a large empire with strong defenses and a big population, but sometimes it was too much to handle. The Byzantines depended on climate because it gave them good agriculture, food, waterways, and even urban centers for their big population. Without a good climate, the Byzantines wouldn’t have all this for their country. This benefited the citizens because they were surrounded by a great environment and a healthy lifestyle. Although, they came across a major disaster, which was the earthquake of 557. They had many other earthquakes, but none of them were as strong as this one. This made defenses weaker, population frightened, houses broken down, and overall made really big damage. The Byzantines relied heavily on climate which made them very vulnerable to disasters and damage. This and many other problems were a reason of the downfall of the Byzantine Empire.

The Roman Empire's success was deeply tied to a favorable Mediterranean climate that supported agriculture, trade, and population health, sustaining its large army and economy. However, in 536 CE, a catastrophic volcanic eruption led to a "volcanic winter," dramatically cooling the climate across Europe. The resulting crop failures and famine weakened the empire, causing widespread malnutrition, disease, and economic instability. This climatic shock left the empire struggling to maintain its resources, weakening both societal structure and military defenses. The event exposed the empire's vulnerability to climate change, contributing to its gradual decline and making it susceptible to internal and external pressures that eventually fractured its power.