The Practice of Child Brides Throughout the World by Alex Wright https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5 By: Alex Wright & Brittany Little en-us 2018-11-14 21:43:41 UTC 2026-01-15 20:56:50 UTC hello@padlet.com What is Child Marriage? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304569204 Child Marriage is any formal marriage or informal union where one or both of the parties are under 18 years of age. ]]> 2018-11-14 21:54:51 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304569204 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304634478 Each year, 12 million girls are married before the age of 18. ]]> 2018-11-15 03:35:04 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304634478 Top 20 Countries with the Highest Numbers of Child Marriage alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304634878 The link below provides a list of the top 20 countries with the highest numbers of child marriages. ]]> 2018-11-15 03:36:50 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304634878 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304635648 India has the highest number of child brides in the world. It is estimated 27% of girls are married before their 18th birthday.]]> 2018-11-15 03:42:04 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304635648 Why does this happen? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304636990
  • In many of the communities in India, girls as seen as an economic burden and marriage therefor transfers the responsibility to her new husband. 
  • Women are seen as a burden for multiple reasons, the first being it is believed once married off that she will now only care for her in-laws and not her own parents. 
  • The second reason being the dowry the brides family is suppose to give the grooms family. This could be in the form of cash or expensive gifts. The more educated the groom is the higher the dowry expected.
  • Also Indians are very obsessed with their family name and its legacy. Therefor since boys carry forward the family name as girls usually adopt the surname of their husband, Indian parents believe that since girls are not a name-bearer, they are a burden.  
    • These three examples are some of the reasons an Indian family will marry off their daughter at a young age. 
    ]]>     2018-11-15 03:51:05 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304636990     Is it Legal? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304637821 The legal age for marriage is 18 for women and 21 for men according to the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act. It includes a right to declare a marriage invalid if underage, but this relies on families to report the act. ]]> 2018-11-15 03:56:20 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304637821 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304637959 2018-11-15 03:57:21 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304637959 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304638216 Despite possible signs of progress, Bangladesh continues to have one of the highest rates worldwide and the highest rate of marriage involving girls under 15. 52% of girls are married by their 18th birthday and 18% by the age of 15.]]> 2018-11-15 03:59:24 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304638216 Why does this happen? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304638663 1. As well as strongly embedded cultural and religious beliefs, drivers of child marriage include poverty, parents’ desire to secure economic and social security for their daughters, and the perceived need to protect girls from harm, including sexual harassment. 

    2. Just like India dowry is also a factor, with prices often increasing the older a girl gets. This financial pressure often means that girls from poorer families are more likely to be child brides. 

    3. Natural disasters also have an effect on child marriage in many regions of Bangladesh. Frequent flooding and river erosion means families live with the constant threat of insecurity and increased poverty, which impacts decisions about schooling and marriage for girls. ]]>     2018-11-15 04:02:26 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304638663     Is it Legal? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304639071 The minimum legal age for marriage in Bangladesh is 18 for women and 21 for men. 

    However, the Child Marriage Restraint Act 2017 includes a loophole where a court can allow child marriage in “special cases”. The act does not exactly define what those “special cases” might be. 
    ]]>     2018-11-15 04:05:23 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304639071     Two Stories alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304639801 The following video is a great example of how child marriage can affect a young girl. It provides two real-life examples of young girls in Bangladesh, one who was married off by the age of 14 and the other who with the help of UNICEF attended school and avoided getting married young. ]]> 2018-11-15 04:10:26 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304639801 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304640322 Child marriage was banned in Mexico in 2014, and while rates of child marriage around the world have fallen in recent decades, the numbers in Mexico haven't moved much. ]]> 2018-11-15 04:14:09 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304640322 Why does this happen? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304640617
    1. Child marriage in Mexico is driven by many different factors. These factors include poverty, tradition and patriarchal gender norms. It is more common in rural areas, particularly among indigenous groups where social practices and customary laws prevail over state legislation.
    2. Another factor causing child marriage is lack of education or employment. 92% of girls in informal unions in Mexico are out of school. Lack of education or employment can push girls to view marriage as a path towards independence and financial stability. Others may also see marriage as an opportunity to flee violence in their family homes. 
    3. Gender norms around marriage and girls sexuality also play a significant role. On one hand, the sexualization of girls encourages men to look for younger partners. While on the other hand, marriage is still seen by many women and girls as a way to gain respect and status in their communities. 
    ]]>     2018-11-15 04:16:03 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304640617     Is it Legal? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304641000 The General Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents 2014 says you must be 18 years as the minimum age of marriage, but girls can marry at 14 and boys can marry at 16 with parental consent. 

    ]]>     2018-11-15 04:18:31 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304641000     Empowering Girls in Mexico alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304642126 The article attached below gave me great insight on child marriage in mexico and the impact of it. Compassion is an amazing organization that is working towards educating girls and their families on the harmful effects of child marriage. ]]> 2018-11-15 04:26:10 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304642126 Steps to Stopping Child Marriage alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304644978 The article below is a great insight on how the Human Rights Watch is working towards Laws that prohibit child marriage. ]]> 2018-11-15 04:46:47 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304644978 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304645298  Tanzania has one of the highest child marriage prevalence rates in the world. Almost two out of five girls in Tanzania are married before their 18th birthday.

    Due to inaccurate birth and marriage records, it is difficult to record exact figures of child marriage in Tanzania. Yet child marriage is particularly prevalent in rural areas where children get married as early as 11 years old. 

    ]]>     2018-11-15 04:48:23 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304645298     Why does this happen? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304645385
  • Some girls are forced to get married young to generate an income, or dowry, which can then be used by their brothers to secure a wife.
  • There is also a practice known as Nyumba ntobu which involves an older, wealthier woman paying a bride price for a young girl to become her wife. A man is then chosen to impregnate the girl and any children who are born belong to the older woman.
  • Human Rights Watch has highlighted that the Tanzanian government’s Primary School Leaving Examination, which determines which pupils may continue on to secondary school, exposes girls to child marriage.
  • Adolescent girls are sometimes forced to marry after failing the exam, whilst mandatory pregnancy tests and expelling pregnant and married girls from school also violates girls’ rights.
    • ]]>     2018-11-15 04:49:11 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304645385     Is is Legal? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304646020 The Law of Marriage Act (1971) allows for boys to marry at 18 and girls to marry at 14, with parental consent.]]> 2018-11-15 04:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304646020 Summer Brides alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304646628 The attached article gives more information on how Arab tourists are buying underage Egyptian slaves to serve them for just a few months and how they are getting around the law. ]]> 2018-11-15 05:00:10 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304646628 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304647056 17% of girls in Egypt are married before their 18th birthday. While the rate of child marriage in Egypt is declining, religious and traditional ideals and customs have stalled this progress.]]> 2018-11-15 05:03:29 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304647056 Why does this happen? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304647120
  • Child marriage in Egypt is closely associated with deeply rooted cultural practices. 92% of the female population have experiences Female Genital Mutilation, showing the continuing of patriarchal norms around women's sexuality. 
  • Girls disproportionate access to education is among the key causes. 13% of females and 3% of males aged 10-29 have never been to school. 
  • As girls reach adolescence, community norms dictate that they should be married, 
  • The 2015 Trafficking in Persons report highlights cases where individuals from the Gulf buy Egyptian girls for ‘temporary’ or ‘summer’ marriages, for prostitution or forced labour. These arrangements are often facilitated by the girls’ families, who profit from the transaction.

    • ]]>     2018-11-15 05:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304647120     Is it Legal? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304649253 The legal age of marriage in Egypt was increased to 18 following amendment of Egypt’s Child Law in 2008, which prohibits, but does not criminalize, the registration of child marriages]]> 2018-11-15 05:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304649253 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304651438 2018-11-15 05:41:57 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304651438 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304651660 The above picture  shows Munge Gati, 62, sitting at her compound with wife, Masero Gati, 20, and their children at a village in Tarime, Tanzania. 

    This is an example of the practice Nyumba ntobhu that we talked about above. ]]>     2018-11-15 05:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304651660     alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304652136      Slate Magazine. (2018). Slate’s Use of Your Data. [online] Available at: https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/09/nyumba-ntobhu-in-tanzania-a-different-kind-of-same-sex-marriage.html [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

         Brides, G. (2018). Child marriage around the world - Girls Not Brides. [online] Girls Not Brides. Available at: https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/where-does-it-happen/ [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

        YouTube. (2018). India's Innocent: Secret Weddings of Child Brides - CBN.com. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMpCnulFvgg&t=278s [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

         YouTube. (2018). Bangladesh Child Marriage: Two Girls' Stories. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9jaw_iJI6E [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

         Compassion UK. (2018). Married too young in Mexico - Compassion UK Blog. [online] Available at: https://www.compassion.ie/blogs/married-young-mexico/ [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

         Human Rights Watch. (2018). Tanzania: Child Marriage Harms Girls. [online] Available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/29/tanzania-child-marriage-harms-girls [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

         Mail Online. (2018). Sordid trade in the 'summer brides': Arab tourists are 'buying underage Egyptian sex slaves' to serve them for just a few months'. [online] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2173796/Rich-Arab-tourists-buying-age-brides-Egypt-just-summer-3-200.html [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

         YouTube. (2018). Why does the US have so many child brides? - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erRrF8YWGd4 [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].

    Nytimes.com. (2018). Opinion | 11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/opinion/sunday/it-was-forced-on-me-child-marriage-in-the-us.html?_r=0 [Accessed 19 Nov. 2018].]]>     2018-11-15 05:48:00 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304652136     alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304654285 2018-11-15 06:07:37 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/304654285 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305749200 2018-11-19 01:57:39 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305749200 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305749254  Above is a picture of a child bride and her new husband. Around 30% of young girls will be married before their 15th birthday. In Bangladesh child marriage is illegal but birth certificates are easily forgotten by bribing officials. ]]> 2018-11-19 01:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305749254 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305749363  This video shows the secret weddings of child brides. In India most child weddings are secretive and the child's family has chose them to marry there soon to be husband. In this video it shows a young girls getting ready for her wedding. During the time before the wedding she doesn't stop crying uncontrollable and it shows how unhappy she is with this decisions by her family. She really had no choice and most children don't and it is more common then you think. ]]> 2018-11-19 01:59:20 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305749363 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305758881 This video shows examples of Child Bride cases right here in North America.]]> 2018-11-19 03:04:29 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305758881 Comparison alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305760358 When we think of child brides, most of us will picture a young bride in an under-developed country but never here in North America, but unfortunately that's not true. Child marriages happen all over the world we just don't hear about it much here. Here are some facts about child brides right here in North America: 
    • More than 207,000 American minors were married between 2000 and 2015
    • Over two-thirds were 17 years old, but 985 were 14, and ten were just 12.
    • These minors are not considered legal adults so they cannot file for divorce, sign rental leases or seek protection in a shelter if they are abused.
    •  Between 70-80% of child marriages end in divorce
    •  Married children are twice as likely to live in poverty and three times more likely to be beaten by spouses than are married adults
    • 50% drop out of high school and four times less likely to finish college.
    ]]>     2018-11-19 03:13:58 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305760358     Is it Legal? alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305761223 In the United States diplomats are working to ban it aboard, but American children are still permitted to marry ( usually with parental consent and the approval of a judge or clerk). No American state has passed a law that categorically forbids the practice.]]> 2018-11-19 03:19:41 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305761223 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305761549 Below is an article about a case in Florida where an 11-year old was forced to marry her rapist. ]]> 2018-11-19 03:22:30 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/305761549 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/309578723 The following document includes all of our answers to the discussion questions that were associated with this assignment.]]> 2018-11-29 22:07:49 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/309578723 alexwright439 https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/309580914 The photo below is from National Geographic and was taken in India. 
    "Chandni looks out from behind Kisna, both 9 years old. Kisna has been married for two years now, but doesn't know the name of her husband. Instead of going to school, the two girls spend most of their time doing chores and playing in the house."]]>     2018-11-29 22:15:52 UTC https://padlet.com/alexwright439/vn7wbnev6ou5/wish/309580914