Evidence: Emotional memories can even promote long-term memories and have positive effects on the brain.

In-text Citation: (Johnson, 2024)

Connection to Claim: Contributes to my points that nostalgia is more lasting than ordinary memories.

Evidence: When patients engage with items or experiences tied to their past, it often leads to clearer communication, improved mood, and a temporary restoration of personal identity.

In-text Citation: (Hollinda et al., 2022)

Connection to Claim: Helps build the idea on the importance of memory recall. How nostalgia helps memory call and what it brings.

2. Restate each of your claims, weaving them together to illustrate your line of reasoning

3.  Reiterate your main idea/thesis

Evidence: Nostalgia's influence on neural activity and brain structures provides a connection to increased autobiographical memory recall.

In-text Citation: (Yang et al., 2022)

Connection to Claim: Provides neuroscientific backing. It is here to reinforce my claim that nostalgic as a unique thing, has the capability to increase memory recall.

Evidence: A study on participants with dementia experiencing ordinary vs nostalgic events found that they reported nostalgic events made them feel higher self-esteem, belonging, life meaning, and positivity.

In-text Citation: (Ismail et al., 2021)

Connection to Claim: Nostalgic events can help those with dementia experience more positive emotions.

Evidence: A study found that a nostalgic intervention helped the relationship between the caregiver and the person with dementia, which was recorded from the view of the caregiver.

In-text Citation: (Dodd et al., 2022)

Connection to Claim: While in this study, little to no results were reported in social relationships by the person with dementia, the caregiver thought otherwise which remains essential to the point that these activities help social relationships.

Evidence: “The use of life stories was generally found to have a positive influence on persons with dementia, their relatives and staff.”

In-text Citation: (Grøndahl et al., 2017)

Connection to Claim: Helps reinforce this claim and my main idea that nostalgia will help both their loved ones, caregivers, and themselves

Evidence: As dementia progresses, patients may struggle to find the right words or follow the flow of a conversation, even failing basic grammar and standards of their own language.

In-text Citation: (Farivar et al., 2019)

Connection to Claim: Evidence is used in paring. Dementia affects language, grammar, etc. But nostalgia can help negate such effects.

Evidence: It was found that those utilizing music therapy found benefits through positive emotions, lessening the burden of the condition, and higher quality sleep.

In-text Citation: (Zhang et al., 2025)

Connection to Claim: There are several different nostalgic-inducing activities. This can include music therapy. This method can help enable those with dementia to seek a more positive character.

Evidence: In one of the studies I researched, nostalgia as an intervention tool was found to be more harmful than beneficial in a patient.

In-text Citation: (Dodd et al., 2022)

Connection to Claim: Guides my claim to a more specific demographic. Listing implications.