• From Atlantic Ocean to Rocky Mountains.

• Made up of Forests, lakes, and tundra.

• Climate: Very cold winters and cool short summers.

• The land is stiff and hard to farm.

• Chipewyan tribe

• Innu tribe

• These tribes live in small scattered groups due to harsh environments.

Impossible to farm because of cold & soil

• Animals hunted: Moose, deer, beavers, etc

• Gathering: Berries, roots, nuts, etc

• Fishing was also sometimes used.

• Made from animal hides.

• Easy to take down and carry.

• Northern Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland.

• Climate: Extremely cold.

• Long winters.

• Short cool summers.

• little rainfall, but snow and ice are present most of the year.

• Aleut tribe

• Yupik tribe

• These groups lived in small communities along the coasts and relied heavily on marine resources.

• Farming was impossible due to frozen ground and no growing season.

•Animals hunted: Seals, walrus, whales, fish, etc

• Permanent homes: Semi-subterranean houses made from driftwood, bones.

• Built low to the ground to conserve heat.

• Covers areas such as New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio

• Four distinct seasons (Cold snowy winters, warm summers, and mild spring / fall)

• Fertile soil in some areas especially along river valleys.

• Algonquin tribe

• Huron tribe

• Farmed the “Three Sisters” crops: corn, beans, and squash.

• Hunted deer, and other small game.

• Fished rivers and coastal waters for fish, clams

• Gathered wild berries, and roots.

• Wigwams: Dome shaped homes made from wooden frames covered with bark. They were common among Algonquin tribes.

• Bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the south / west.

• Warm, humid climate with long summers and mild winters.

• Fertile soil made this region ideal for farming.

• Creek tribe

• Choctaw tribe

• "Three sisters"

• Sunflowers

• Hunted small games

• Fished in rivers and coastal waters

• Chickees: Open-sided, palm-thatched homes.

• Present-day Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas

• Known as the Great Plains wide, flat, grassy lands

• Climate: Hot summers, cold winters, and occasional droughts.

• Cheyenne tribe

• Comanche tribe

• Hunted small animals.

• Gathered berries, nuts, and roots.

• Some eastern Plains tribes farmed corn, beans, and squash.

• Easy to set up and down.

• Climate: Very hot summers, mild winters, and little rainfall.

• Navajo tribe

• Apache tribe

• Hunted small animals and deer.

• Gathered nuts, berries, and cactus fruit.

• Hogans: Navajo homes made from wood, and mud.

• Designed for hot, dry climate.

• Irrigation farming: Made canals to bring water to crops.

• Surrounded by the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.

• Climate: Very dry with hot summers and cold winters.

• Few rivers and little rain hard to farm.

• Paiute tribe

• Ute tribe

• Hunted rabbits and other small animals.

• Easy to build and move.

• Expert gatherers: Knew many wild plants to eat.

• Climate: Mild and wet along the coast, hot and dry inland.

• Chumash tribe

• Miwok tribe

• Hunted deer, rabbits, and birds.

• Fished for salmon and shellfish along the coast.

• Some built plank houses from redwood or cedar.

• Includes islands, bays, and river mouths in the Pacific Ocean.

• Climate: Mild temperatures, wet and rainy most of the year.

• Rich natural resources from both the land and sea.

• Haida

• Kwakiutl

• Also hunted deer, bear, and sea mammals.

• Gathered berries, roots, and seaweed.

• Preserved fish and meat by smoking and drying.

• Potlatch feasts: Big gatherings with gift-giving and dancing.

• Spokane tribe

• Flathead tribe