https://padlet.com/dwayneconerly/vl8oy64tmjz26bvo Review of ANS en-us 2022-10-14 22:26:17 UTC 2022-10-15 00:38:44 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f35e.png dwayneconerly https://padlet.com/dwayneconerly/vl8oy64tmjz26bvo/wish/2341029615 1. Two divisions of the ANS and alternate names associated with each division:
a. Parasympathetic division and alternate name is craniosacral division.
b. Sympathetic division and alternate name is thoracolumbar division.

2. The neurotransmitters (NT) loccation each NT is released in the ANS:
  a. Parasympathetic division neurotransmitter: acetylcholine (ACH) released at ganglia and post ganglionic nerve endings.
 b. Sympathetic division NT is ACH released at ganglia, but ganglionic nerve endings releases norepinephrine.

3. Receptors of each division with main locations of receptor:
  a. Parasympathetic ANS receptors:
      - cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors.
   b.  Sympathetic ANS receptors:
       -adrenergic receptors.
   c.  location of receptors are cell membrane of visceral organs and glands.
  - location of receptors are cell membrane of visceral organs and glands.
4. Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Stimulation

Organ: Adrenal medulla
-Sympathetic effect:  Release of epinephrine        Parasympathetic effect: no effect.

  Arteries: Vasoconstriction. There are exceptions to the vasoconstriction: coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle. There arteries are dilated.
Majority of arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves.

Organ: Heart

Sympathetic Effect: Increases heart rate and AV* conduction and increases contractility.

Parasympathetic Effect: Decreases heart rate and AV* conduction and Slight decrease in contractility.

Organ: Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, and secretions

Sympathetic effect: Decreased

Parasympathetic effect: Increased

Organ: Postganglionic neurotransmitter

Sympathetic effect: Norepinephrine released

Parasympathetic effect: Acetylcholine released

Organ: Pupil of the eye

Sympathetic effect: Dilation (mydriasis)

Parasympathetic effect: Constriction (miosis)

Organ: Respiratory passages, lower

Sympathetic effect: Bronchodilation

Parasympathetic effect: Bronchoconstriction

Organ: Urinary bladder

Sympathetic effect: Relaxation

Parasympathetic effect: Contraction

Organ: Urinary sphincter

Sympathetic effect: Contraction

Parasympathetic effect: Relaxation

5. The drug classifications for each division ANS; classification under each division; and receptors of interaction to include action.

  a.  Sympathetic division ANS
  -drug classifications: alpha-1 agonist and alpha-1 antagonist drugst; variety of beta-1 and beta-2 agonist; and antagonist drugs.
-drugs act on the adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic division.
 
b. Parasympathetic division ANS
-drug classifications: cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs.
-drugs act on the cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors of the parasympathetic division.

6. Specific examples of each brand name (capitalized in parenthesis with registered trademark sign and generic lowercase.

Parasympathetic division drug example:
a. (Miochol-E)Registered trademark/ acetylcholine
 
Sympathetic division drug example:
  a. (ProAmatine)registered trademark/Midodrine

The resource for this information:
SPECIAL EDITION FOR AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
PHARMACOLOGY for Health Professionals
Fifth Special Edition with material from
Pharmacology: An Introduction
Eighth Edition

Henry Hitner, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus
Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Pharmacology Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Adjunct Professor, Pharmacology Physician Assistant Program Drexel University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Barbara Nagle, Ph.D.
President
Clinical Research Development and Education III Associates Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Math & Dosage Calculations for Healthcare Professionals
Fifth Edition

Kathryn A. Booth, MS, RN, RMA (AMT), RPT, CPhT
Facilitator/ Instructor, Military to Medicine INOVA Health System Falls Church, Virginia

Susan Sienkiewicz, MA, RN
Community College of Rhode Island Warwick, Rhode Island

James E. Whaley, RPh, MS
Baker College Owosso, Michigan

Jennifer F. Palmunen, MSN, RN
Community College of Rhode Island Warwick, Rhode Island

]]> 2022-10-14 23:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/dwayneconerly/vl8oy64tmjz26bvo/wish/2341029615