https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur en-us 2023-03-31 11:08:21 UTC 2026-01-20 03:05:42 UTC hello@padlet.com nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2547774252 Washington didn't think the U.S was strong enough to participate in a European war and declared the U.S neutral. This caused Jefferson to resign in protest.

Source: https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/neutrality-proclamation/]]> 2023-04-09 00:07:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2547774252 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2547774858 There was a tax on whiskey implemented by Alexander Hamilton and farmers disliked paying for this so they revolted by refusing to pay the tax. Washington brought state militia in response and the rebellion collapsed and the government solidified its authority.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/early-us/whiskey-rebellion]]> 2023-04-09 00:10:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2547774858 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548012244 Alexander Hamilton's financial plan was created because of the revolutionary war, lots of states in massive debt. The plan was the federal government paying off all state debt through selling security bonds, and a national bank. This was opposed by anti-federalists such as Thomas Jefferson who thought it benefited the rich. 

Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/18b.asp]]> 2023-04-09 14:58:03 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548012244 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548014441 This speech set the precedent for all future presidents to follow. A few examples include George Washington retired after 2 terms, starting the tradition of 2 terms. Also advised against permanent foreign alliances, and against creation of political parties. 

Source: http://www.studyapush.com/2009/10/washingtons-farewell-address.html

]]> 2023-04-09 15:03:30 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548014441 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548016153 This was the peaceful transition of power from two different political parties. Thomas Jefferson won the election over John Adams. This legitimized the new democracy system of America. 

Source: https://study.com/learn/lesson/revolution-of-1800-overview.html ]]> 2023-04-09 15:07:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548016153 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548165152 John Adams sent a diplomatic mission to France, once arrived three French foreign ministers said the only way to make negotiations with the French government was to give them a bribe. This angered Americans who wanted to wage war against France. 

Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/19d.asp]]> 2023-04-09 23:18:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548165152 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548167753 Severely repressed domestic protest, allowed deportation of immigrants, and made it harder for immigrants to vote since John Adams opponents had large amounts of immigrant voters. Fines against anyone who posted negative things about the government 

Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/19e.asp]]> 2023-04-09 23:23:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548167753 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548169310 Democratic-Republican response to the Alien and Sedition Act (and drafted by Thomas Jefferson) said the Alien and Sedition Act was unconstitutional and could be nulled by the state. 

Source: https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/877/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-of-1798#:~:text=Federalist%2Ddominated%20Congress.-,Drafted%20in%20secret%20by%20future%20Presidents%20Thomas%20Jefferson%20and%20James,they%20were%20null%20and%20void.]]> 2023-04-09 23:27:27 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548169310 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548285254 Jeffersonian democracy was based upon western expansion and international markets for farmers. Despite being strict constitutionalism he allowed the purchase. France was willing to sell because it needed money for the war against Britain. 

Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/20c.asp]]> 2023-04-10 01:49:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548285254 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548290748 Landmark decision by supreme court justice John Marshall ruled the judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional established judicial review. Judicial review allowed the federal court to determine if executive or legislative action was unconstitutional. 

Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/20e.asp]]> 2023-04-10 01:55:17 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548290748 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548296059 Orders given by Thomas Jefferson, Lewis and Clark were on a military expedition to explore the Louisiana purchase. The effects of the expedition include increased geographic and scientific knowledge of the western areas, expanded the fur trade, and increased U.S claims. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Lewis-and-Clark-Expedition/Pacific-Ocean-and-return]]> 2023-04-10 02:01:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548296059 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548301963 Because Britain and France kept impressing U.S sailors into their navy's Jefferson responded by restricting all U.S exports and imports from Britain. Wildly unpopular and increased prices of all goods. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/facts/Embargo-Act ]]> 2023-04-10 02:07:00 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548301963 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548308786 War was declared by James Madison against Great Britain because of the forced impressment of U.S sailors and Britain restricting U.S trade. When Baltimore’s Fort McHenry withstood hours of bombing they placed a flag and inspired the national anthem. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/war-of-1812]]> 2023-04-10 02:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548308786 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548319349 The treaty failed to mention the main causes of the War of 1812, such as the impressment of U.S sailors, but it did expand the Great Lakes Region for America. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/treaty-of-ghent]]> 2023-04-10 02:23:55 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2548319349 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549245140 Secret meeting of federalists who were dissatisfied with the way James Madison was handling the war of 1812. The people at the meeting discussed the session and states rights. Americans disliked the federalists behavior and the party was unpopular until it dissolved. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Hartford-Convention]]> 2023-04-10 21:00:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549245140 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549247561 Founded in 1817 and the goal was to send free African Americans to Africa instead of emancipation in America. This organization established the country Liberia. The Society was attacked by abolitionist such as William Lloyd Garrison who believed colonization benefited slaveholders. 

Source: https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam002.html]]> 2023-04-10 21:04:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549247561 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549250735 Characterized by a sense of optimism and positivity in the American people. The victory in the war of 1812, western expansion, etc. all add to those feelings while panic, economic instability, etc. leads to doubt if it really was a good time. 

Source: https://politicaldictionary.com/words/era-of-good-feeling/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9CEra%20of%20Good%20Feeling,terms%20from%201817%20to%201825.]]> 2023-04-10 21:10:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549250735 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549254201 Minister Onis of Spain and the Secretary John Adams reached an agreement in which Spain would give up control of Florida to the U.S and Oregon as long as it keeps Texas.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Transcontinental-Treaty]]> 2023-04-10 21:17:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549254201 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549256638 Made by president James Monroe in which it discouraged European countries from interfering in western affairs. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/monroe-doctrine ]]> 2023-04-10 21:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549256638 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549258476 Debate held about whether Missouri should be a slave or free state since it would make the balance unequal, Henry Clay proposed a solution. Missouri slave state and Maine free state. Slavery is banned pass the 36º 30' latitude. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/missouri-compromise#:~:text=This%20legislation%20admitted%20Missouri%20as,remainder%20of%20the%20Louisiana%20Territory.]]> 2023-04-10 21:25:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549258476 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549266308 Tariff passed by John Quincy Adams to protect northern/western products from competing with foreign goods. This was wildly unpopular and hurt the Souths economy. 

Source: https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/The-Tariff-of-Abominations/#:~:text=The%20tariff%20sought%20to%20protect,profits%20of%20New%20England's%20industrialists.]]> 2023-04-10 21:41:20 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549266308 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549433598 Milling places would hire young unmarried women to work with cotton and other textiles. The conditions were brutal and the women worked long hours. Earning money on their own gave the women economic independence. The women would live together in a single home. Other companies copied this practice. 

Source: https://www.nps.gov/lowe/learn/historyculture/the-mill-girls-of-lowell.htm#:~:text=Beginning%20in%201823%2C%20with%20the,a%20measure%20of%20economic%20independence.]]> 2023-04-11 01:22:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549433598 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549443734 The shift in the American economy from traditional sustenance farming to a capitalist system. This happened because the spread of new technology (ex. steamboat by Robert Fulton, Cumberland road, etc.). 

Source: https://www.americanyawp.com/text/08-the-market-revolution/]]> 2023-04-11 01:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549443734 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549447065 Built in New York it expanded the markets for products and decreased the amount of time it took for transportation. Allowed for America to be settled and increased the spread of people and ideas. 

Source: https://eriecanalway.org/learn/history-culture#:~:text=Built%20between%201817%20and%201825,%2C%20industry%2C%20and%20economic%20strength.]]> 2023-04-11 01:33:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549447065 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549459519 Signed into law by Andrew Jackson this allowed him to sell lands west of Mississippi river to Native Americans in exchange for Native land in U.S borders. Tribes that resisted the move were forcibly moved on "Trail of Tears."

Source: https://guides.loc.gov/indian-removal-act#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Removal%20Act%20was,many%20resisted%20the%20relocation%20policy.]]> 2023-04-11 01:43:59 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549459519 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549464265 The Tariff of Abominations angered many southern states and with little done to repeal it completely South Carolina declared the Tariff of 1828 and 1832 null. Andrew Jackson saw this as a treason and threatened South Carolina. The Force Bill ended this crisis, but made South aware they didn't have power in the union. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis/Jacksons-Proclamation-to-the-People-of-South-Carolina]]> 2023-04-11 01:48:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549464265 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549471231 Andrew Jackson disliked the national bank system as he saw it was corrupt, and vetoed the recharter of the 2nd Bank of U.S created by Henry Clay. Jackson divided up the big bank into smaller pet banks for states to control. 

Source: https://www.americanhistoryusa.com/topic/pet-banks/]]> 2023-04-11 01:54:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549471231 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549474527 The wives of the cabinet members refused to interact with Secretary of War John Henry Eaton and his wife because of rumors they had an affair. Andrew Jackson didn't believe those rumors, and fired anyone who shunned the couple. Jackson then relied on a kitchen cabinet, unofficial group, for support. 

Source: https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/petticoat-affair/#:~:text=The%20Petticoat%20Affair%20%E2%80%94%20also%20known,wives%20of%20his%20cabinet%20members.]]> 2023-04-11 01:57:12 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549474527 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549512479 Caused by bad financial decisions by Andrew Jackson such as the specie circular collapsed the economy. As foreign investors started calling back loans banks were forced to close to repay those loans and unemployment increased. People lost life savings and were forced to go to soup kitchens.  

Source: https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/index.php?title=Panic_of_1837]]> 2023-04-11 02:28:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549512479 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549559303 Philosophy based upon the idea of unity between all beings on Earth, humans were innately good, and using insight instead of logical reasoning. These ideas were spread in America by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry Thoreau. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Transcendentalism-American-movement]]> 2023-04-11 03:05:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549559303 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549563918 Brook Farm was a Utopian experiment about communal living based on transcendental ideologies. Brook Farm consisted of multiple philosopher thinkers living together in harmony, such as Margaret Fuller. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brook-Farm]]> 2023-04-11 03:09:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549563918 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549569823 A spiritual resurgence that changed American religion. Using camp meetings with enthusiastic preaching and audience participation increased conversion. Charles Finney was a traveling preacher converting many through emotion.

Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp]]> 2023-04-11 03:14:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2549569823 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550573999 The case was Boston Journeymen Bootmakers’ Society getting an employee fired, and the employee complained. Justice Lemuel Shaw used this case to legalize American labor unions, and had a right to strike to increase wages. Before this case labor unions were restricted. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Commonwealth-v-Hunt]]> 2023-04-11 18:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550573999 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550577884 Value system that was mainly for upper and middle class women, it also excluded African American and immigrant women. Women were expected to stay in the private sphere and not work, while fullfilling domestic duties such as cooking or cleaning. 

Source: https://sites.uw.edu/twomn347/2022/03/19/the-cult-of-domesticity/]]> 2023-04-11 18:30:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550577884 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550581108 Dorothea Dix spoke about the inhumane conditions in hospitals for the mentally ill, and called for state supported facilities. The idea that society was responsible for crime and not the individual was spreading. 

Source: https://www.exploros.com/summary/Prison-and-Asylum-Reform]]> 2023-04-11 18:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550581108 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550583254 Horace Mann was elected Secretary of the Board of Education in Massachusetts and enacted major reform in public schools. Funded basic education for every child through taxes, and training of teachers in schools. 

Source: https://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/horace.html]]> 2023-04-11 18:35:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550583254 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550634719 This meeting in New York was the first women's right convention in the U.S. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the organizers and the group discussed the 11 resolutions for women's rights. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/seneca-falls-convention]]> 2023-04-11 19:24:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550634719 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550636492 Created by formerly enslaved African American Fredrick Douglas, the newspaper was about abolition and the improvement of the lives of African Americans. Mostly about ending slavery, it was also pro-women's rights. 

Source: https://www.loc.gov/collections/frederick-douglass-newspapers/about-this-collection/]]> 2023-04-11 19:26:51 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550636492 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550638285 This was the idea, created by John O'Sullivan, that the United States was destined by God to expand westward and spread democracy and capitalism to the continent. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/manifest-destiny]]> 2023-04-11 19:28:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550638285 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550641188 Land boundaries were being disputed, and Mexican cavalry attacked U.S soldiers in the disputed land zone. General Zachary Taylor called in reinforcements and defeated the Mexican soldiers. After many losses in battle Mexico finally surrendered. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/mexican-american-war]]> 2023-04-11 19:32:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550641188 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550650046 Series of compromises by Henry Clay to settle the issue of slavery between regions. California would be a free state, some states would use popular soverignty to decide slavery, and a stronger fugitive slave act. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Compromise-of-1850]]> 2023-04-11 19:42:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550650046 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550814591 Political party that was against the expansion of slavery into western territory. The party attracted small farmers, village merchants, etc. who disliked competition between them and free African American labor. In 1852 nominated John P. Hale and the party dissolved into the Republican party. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party]]> 2023-04-12 00:02:17 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550814591 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550816356 Matthew C. Perry of the U.S Navy sailed to Tokyo and forced Japan to start trading with the U.S and demanded a treaty allowing trade and opening the ports for U.S ships. This was because America wanted new markets for manufactured goods. 

Source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/japan_1750_perry.htm]]> 2023-04-12 00:04:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550816356 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550816527 Uncle Tom's Cabin was a book written by Harriet Beecher. It was an anti-slavery novel that was extremely popular, especially in the North. It showed how brutal the conditions of slavery were. The book Aunt Phillis's Cabin was made in response and was pro-slavery. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uncle-Toms-Cabin/Major-themes-and-influences]]> 2023-04-12 00:04:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550816527 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550884066 Gave the U.S more Mexican territory and states such as Arizona and New Mexico in exchange for $10 million. The purchase was negotiated by James Gadsden. The land would be used for a transcontinental railroad in the south. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Gadsden-Purchase]]> 2023-04-12 01:03:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550884066 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550918995 The debate over slavery's expansion into new territories led to violence in Kansas as states were allowed to decide if slavery was legal based off popular sovereignty. Pro-slavery groups and anti-slavery groups flooded into Kansas to vote on the legality of slavery. An antislavery group led by John Brown retaliated. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Bleeding-Kansas-United-States-history]]> 2023-04-12 01:29:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550918995 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550923371 This was a secret document written by Americans that outlined a plan that would allow the U.S to take Cuba from Spain. Secretary of State William Marcy was forced to reveal the manifesto and angered Northerners because they saw it as a way to expand slavery. 

Source: https://mrnussbaum.com/ostend-manifesto]]> 2023-04-12 01:33:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550923371 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550933410 Stephen Douglas, senator of Illinois, implemented a bill that would use popular sovereignty to decide if slavery would be legal in a state which could reverse anti-slavery states from the Missouri compromise. This bill was opposed by abolitionist. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/kansas-nebraska-act]]> 2023-04-12 01:41:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2550933410 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552229681 A group of abolitionists led by John Brown attacked Harper's Ferry. The plan was to free enslaved African Americans and give them the weapons at the arsenal. This plan failed. It scared the South because of the extreme method to end slavery. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Harpers-Ferry-Raid]]> 2023-04-12 23:39:06 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552229681 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552232144 Dred Scott was an enslaved African American who lived in a free state and then a slave state. He later sued for his freedom saying since he lived in a free state he was free. This removed the Missouri compromise of 1820 and slaves were property. 

Source: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/60us393]]> 2023-04-12 23:42:26 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552232144 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552234844 A series of debates between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln that mostly consisted of the expansion of slavery. These political debates and the responses of Douglas further divided the nation. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Lincoln-Douglas-debates]]> 2023-04-12 23:46:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552234844 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552237242 Created by Kentucky Senator John Crittenden, the goal was the fix the sectional divide. The compromise would permanently allow slavery in some states, but was rejected by Northerner Republicans. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/crittenden-compromise]]> 2023-04-12 23:49:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552237242 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552433862 Union general William Sherman, with the goal of crippling the Southern war production and decrease morale, marched from Savannah to Alanta burning military buildings, supplies, and businesses. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shermans-March-to-the-Sea]]> 2023-04-13 02:35:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552433862 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552444528 General Winfield Scott created this plan to defeat the confederacy. It consisted of a strong defense of the nations capital, blockade of Confederate gulfs, and attack on the Mississippi river to divide the Confederacy in half. Abraham Lincoln approved of the plan reluctantly.

Source: https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/anaconda-plan/]]> 2023-04-13 02:46:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2552444528 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553420677 President Abraham Lincoln created a reconstruction plan that would allow Confederate states to create new governments if 10% of the male population pledged allegiance and recognized the freedom of formerly enslaved African Americans. The plan wasn't enacted as Congress believed it was too lenient. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/wade-davis-bill#:~:text=In%20December%2C%20President%20Lincoln%20proposed,freedom%20of%20formerly%20enslaved%20people. ]]> 2023-04-13 16:18:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553420677 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553424654 Signed by President Abraham Lincoln this act gave Americans 160 acres and a mule for a low price. This allowed millions of Americans to move west and become land owners at the expense of Native Americans who had to leave the land. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/homestead-act]]> 2023-04-13 16:21:49 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553424654 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553434394 Originally vetoed by Andrew Johnson, the act declared anyone born into the United States a citizen regardless of previous condition of slavery. This was the 1st civil rights law in the U.S.

Source: https://ballotpedia.org/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866#:~:text=The%20Civil%20Rights%20Act%20of,United%20States%20Congress%20and%20the]]> 2023-04-13 16:30:11 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553434394 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553438862 This outlined the terms for Confederate states to rejoin the Union and divided the Confederacy into 5 different military sections. Each was forced to write a constitution that would be voted on to approve, and must ratify the 13th and 14th amendment. This was vetoed by Andrew Johnson but overruled. 

Source: https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Civil_War_AdmissionReadmission.htm#:~:text=The%20Reconstruction%20Act%20of%201867%20outlined%20the%20terms%20for%20readmission,Tennessee%2C%20into%20five%20military%20districts.]]> 2023-04-13 16:33:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2553438862 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2554768985 This law was made by Radical Republicans and restricted the president's ability to remove certain officials that Congress had already approved. President Andrew Johnson was impeached when he violated this law by trying to fire Stanton.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/tenure-of-office-act ]]> 2023-04-14 16:32:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2554768985 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2554770935 This amendment was approved by Abraham Lincoln, but was ratified by 3/4's of states in 1865. This amendment prohibitied slavery or involuntary servitiude from exisiting in the U.S unless as a punishment for a crime. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/13th-amendment#:~:text=The%2013th%20Amendment%20to%20the%20United%20States%20Constitution%20provides%20that,place%20subject%20to%20their%20jurisdiction.%22 ]]> 2023-04-14 16:34:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2554770935 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556807531 This scandal was when a few congressmen illegally manipulated contracts through a construction company when building the Union Pacific Railroad. When the scandal was uncovered congress censured the vice president Schuyler Colfax. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Credit-Mobilier-Scandal]]> 2023-04-17 11:32:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556807531 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556829391 Last major reconstruction act by senator Charles Sumner in which  African Americans were given equal treatment in public transportation and public accommodations. This was later declared unconstitutional in 1883. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Civil-Rights-Act-United-States-1875]]> 2023-04-17 11:52:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556829391 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556869543 Informal agreement between southern Democrats and Republicans on the presidential election. Accusations of election fraud led to questions about the real presidency. Rutherford B. Hayes allies met with Southern Democrats to convince them to allow Hayes election, and in return he would remove federal troops in the south ending reconstruction. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/compromise-of-1877]]> 2023-04-17 12:23:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556869543 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556875191 Stole $30 - $200 million from New York City slums. Controlled Tammany Hall and thus controlled Democratic party nominations to all city positions. Thomas Nast, a political cartoonist, exposed the corruption and had Tweed charged. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boss-Tweed]]> 2023-04-17 12:27:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2556875191 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557027552 This was the 1st significnat immigrant restirct law, signed by Chester Arthur. This was a 10 year ban on all Chinese laborers entering the U.S under the assumption it endangered certain places. This also hurt Chinese people who were in the U.S before the Act. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act#:~:text=It%20was%20the%20first%20significant,immigrating%20to%20the%20United%20States.]]> 2023-04-17 14:01:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557027552 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557045903 Herbert Spencer, using the evolutionary ideas from Charles Darwin, that the strongest will survive in humans and so the white European race was destined to rule over everyone. 

Source: https://www.allaboutscience.org/what-is-social-darwinism-faq.htm]]> 2023-04-17 14:12:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557045903 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557055578 Multiple violent railroad strikes across the country. The strikes happened because of multiple wage cuts by railroad companies. The strikers stopped all trains from moving until the wage cut was removed. Henry Matthews, the governor, sent state militia to stop the strike. The strike had spread to multiple states. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Great-Railroad-Strike-of-1877]]> 2023-04-17 14:17:11 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557055578 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557064338 This bill was sponsored by George Pendleton and dismantled the federal spoils system by choosing federal jobs based on merit rather affiliation. It allowed for open selection of government employees regardless of gender or race.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chester-A-Arthur]]> 2023-04-17 14:22:04 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557064338 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557092463 Passed by Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts, this allowed the federal government to break up tribal lands to assimilate Native Americans by forcing them into agriculture. Only the Natives that accepted were granted U.S citizenship. 

Source: https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/dawes-act.htm]]> 2023-04-17 14:39:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557092463 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557101292 Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, it replaced the Knights of Labor as the strongest industrial union. It only allowed skilled workers into the organization. The goals of AFL were equal rights for workers, and higher wages. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Federation-of-Labor]]> 2023-04-17 14:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557101292 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557102155 This made railroads the first industry regulated by the federal government. This banned special rates that railroads would arrange among themselves, and hurt the monopolies plaguing the industry.

Source: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/streamliners-commerce/]]> 2023-04-17 14:45:28 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557102155 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557115819 A massive explosion of unknown origins sinks the U.S.S Maine that was in Cuba Havana harbor and kills the U.S citizens on board. This event was publicized through newspapers, such as William Randolph Hearst, doing yellow journalism about the event. This encouraged America to go to war with Spain. 

Source: https://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl10.html]]> 2023-04-17 14:54:27 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557115819 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557115974 Five legal cases combined into a single supreme court ruling. This ruling deemed Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional and Jim Crow/racial segregation laws are legal. Decreased the rights of African Americans. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Civil-Rights-Cases]]> 2023-04-17 14:54:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557115974 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557116082 During this time restrictive immigration laws were increasing, and Arthur was continuing the trend. The bill was sponsored by Martin Ambrose Foran and banned the use of contract labor in the U.S. Many Americans believed contract workers threatened the job prospects of native workers. 

Source: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/foran-act]]> 2023-04-17 14:54:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557116082 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557116254 Before this the nation was tied to the gold standard, until people who supported free silver wanted unlimited coinage of silver. Richards P. Bland created a bill to address these concerns by allowing silver to be minted into dollars. Debtors and miners believed it didn't go far enough, and others believed the gold standard was better. 

Source: https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h718.html]]> 2023-04-17 14:54:46 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557116254 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557116385 A book written by Helen Hunt Jackson published in 1881 about the brutality that Native Americans experienced in hopes to inspire change. She sent the book to every member of congress with a personal message to call to action. 

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/a-century-of-dishonor-summary-author.html]]> 2023-04-17 14:54:51 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557116385 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557120077 The article, created by Andrew Carnegie an immigrant who became wealthy from the steel industry, in which he said wealthy Americans had a duty to spend money to benefit humanity and decrease the gap between the rich and poor. 

Source: https://www.albert.io/blog/gospel-of-wealth-ap-us-history-crash-course/]]> 2023-04-17 14:57:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557120077 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557120427 Said by Booker T. Washington in a speech at Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia. He believed vocational education was more important for African Americans than social advantages. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Atlanta-Compromise]]> 2023-04-17 14:57:44 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557120427 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557120753 The slaughter of 150 - 300 Lakota Indians to repress Plains Indians by breaking any organized resistance to reservations. Big Foot surrendered peacefully but because of a misfired gun the soldiers attacked and killed. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Wounded-Knee-Massacre]]> 2023-04-17 14:57:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557120753 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557121052 Historian Frederick Jackson Turner spoke at the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition about his theory that once the American frontier closes America would still want more land. This caused the increase in expansion outside of just the western area. 

Source: https://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl2.html]]> 2023-04-17 14:58:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557121052 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557378153
American sugar planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii to establish a new government with Dole as president. This happened because the Queen replaced the constitution with one increasing her power, and ignoring the one set by the U.S.

Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/americans-overthrow-hawaiian-monarchy]]> 2023-04-17 17:55:51 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557378153 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557451373 Widespread railroad boycott because the Pullman Railroad company cut wages. The federal response was the 1st time an injunction was used to stop a strike. When workers met with George Pullman to negotiate wages he had them fired and the strike began. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Pullman-Strike]]> 2023-04-17 18:52:03 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557451373 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557492740 Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino nationalist, rallied against the U.S after the colonial power took over once the Spanish-American war ended with the Treaty of Paris. The war was brutal with guerrilla warfare tactics.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-American-War]]> 2023-04-17 19:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557492740 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557493051 Sparked by the sinking of the U.S.S Maine and yellow journalism using sensational headlines, the U.S declared war against Spain. Once the war ended because of the Treaty of Paris, Spain gave away Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines Islands, Guam, and other islands.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-American-War]]> 2023-04-17 19:28:44 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557493051 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557497721 Supreme court ruling that racially separate but equal accommodations was legally allowed. The case was about Homer Plessy sitting in a whites only train compartment and refusing to leave was charged with violating state law. He was a part of a civil rights group trying to challenge racist laws. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/plessy-v-ferguson]]> 2023-04-17 19:33:19 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557497721 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557498283 Proposed by Senator Henry M. Teller of Colorado, the amendment declared Cuba was independent of Spain and allowed the president to use military might to achieve that goal. 

Source: https://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/slatta/hi453/PS/deteller.htm]]> 2023-04-17 19:33:54 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557498283 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557498484 Started by Secretary of State John Hay's with an Open Door Note to major European powers. This policy made China open to trade with all countries equally, and nations with spheres of influence shouldn't interfere with treaties. This policy occurred because U.S wanted to expand markets. 

Source: https://bluebox.creighton.edu/demo/modules/en-boundless-old/www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/american-imperialism-164/the-open-door-policy-900-8274/index.html]]> 2023-04-17 19:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2557498484 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561767083 The speech was delivered by William McKinley during Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election. It consisted of free coinage of silver and gold to help support the farmers and working class. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Cross-of-Gold-speech]]> 2023-04-20 12:31:43 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561767083 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561846591 He was one of the people who signed the Declaration of Independence, and was a member of the Continental Congress. After the Louisiana Purchase by Thomas Jefferson, he was appointed the governor of the Louisiana territory. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison]]> 2023-04-20 13:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561846591 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561852801 First owned by France before the project was abandoned after thousands died from the mudslides and mosquito. U.S bought the rights, and at first the canal construction was a disaster with death and people leaving until John Stevens arrived. He stopped the spread of mosquitoes, dammed the canal, and finished construction. This decreased travel time and increased profits for companies. 

Source: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tr-panama/]]> 2023-04-20 13:32:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561852801 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561853223 Informal agreement between the U.S and Japan in which Japan only allowed passports to U.S for businessmen and Theodore Roosevelt would allow Japanese children to stay in non-segregated schools. This was because people feared the Japanese would decrease wages.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Gentlemens-Agreement]]> 2023-04-20 13:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561853223 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561853524 Caused because of tensions over political and commercial interests in East Asia Russia and Japan went to war. The Treaty of Portsmouth, negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt, recognized Japans rights in Korea and gave territory back to Japan. 

Source: https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/russo-japanese_war]]> 2023-04-20 13:33:24 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561853524 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561853798 Banned selling miss-branded livestock and that livestock was killed and processed in a sanitary manner. This reformed the meat packing industry, and was partially inspired by book The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Meat-Inspection-Act]]> 2023-04-20 13:33:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561853798 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561896536 The official name was "Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force" and small parts were leaked to the public by Ellsberg and his co-defendant Anthony Russo. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/research/pentagon-papers#:~:text=The%20Pentagon%20Papers%2C%20officially%20titled,the%20press%20and%20widely%20distributed.]]> 2023-04-20 14:00:43 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561896536 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932098 Nikita Khrushchev created a secret agreement with Fidel Castro to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba pointing at the U.S to deter any future invasions. During routine surveillance flights a U.S plane discovered this and JFK blockaded Cuba. The threat of war was high but Khrushchev said he would remove the missiles. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis#:~:text=The%20Cuban%20Missile%20Crisis%20of,came%20closest%20to%20nuclear%20conflict.]]> 2023-04-20 14:22:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932098 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932229 Once Fidel Castro overthrew the previous dictator Fulgencio Batista, the CIA planned to send trained Cuban exiles back into Cuba to invade. The plan expected the people of Cuba to support the invasion, but the plan ultimately failed. 

Source: https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-bay-of-pigs]]> 2023-04-20 14:22:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932229 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932383 Established by Harry Truman, the doctrine allowed the U.S to provide economic assistance to democratic nations under attack by internal or external forces. The money was sent to Greece and Turkey, 2 nations that depended on Britain foreign aid that would soon end. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine]]> 2023-04-20 14:22:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932383 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932541 Proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall, the plan was to provide economic assistance to restore economic infrastructure in European countries after WW2. Over 4 years Congress sent $13.3 billion dollars for European recovery. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/marshall-plan#:~:text=On%20April%203%2C%201948%2C%20President,economic%20infrastructure%20of%20postwar%20Europe.]]> 2023-04-20 14:22:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932541 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932784 Announced by Dwight Eisenhower this allowed countries to request American aid if being threatened by other countries, especially if communist. This doctrine was caused by the increase of Soviet influence in the Middle East. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/eisenhower-doctrine]]> 2023-04-20 14:22:49 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561932784 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561933023 President Lyndon B. Johnson, with the support of Roy Wilkins and Clarence Mitchell, passed this act. It banned discrimination based on race, sex, religion, etc. it also banned segregation in public places and federal funded programs. 

Source: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-rights-center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of-1964#:~:text=In%201964%2C%20Congress%20passed%20Public,hiring%2C%20promoting%2C%20and%20firing.]]> 2023-04-20 14:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561933023 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561933389 Police arrested 5 burglars who broke into the Democratic headquarters, and one was James W. McCord a member of the Committee to Re-elect the President (CREEP). Many involved burned/destroyed the evidence of other break-ins, but the tapes Nixon recorded proved he knew. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal]]> 2023-04-20 14:23:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561933389 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561933619 This speech was said by Winston Churchill after the end of World War 2 at Westminster College. The speech was about how the Soviet Union and communism was a threat against the peace in the world. 

Source: https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/winston-churchills-iron-curtain-speech-march-5-1946]]> 2023-04-20 14:23:23 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561933619 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561934069 The Great Society program was created by Lyndon B. Johnson and it was made to aid education, reduce disease, fight against poverty, and many other things. These programs include Medicare, Medicaid, etc. 

Source: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/presidents/lyndonbjohnson#:~:text=The%20Great%20Society%20program%20became,removal%20of%20obstacles%20to%20the]]> 2023-04-20 14:23:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561934069 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561934466 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by several nations for security against the Soviet Union. Senator Arthur H. Vandenburg started the negotiations for NATO and it took months to create. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/nato#:~:text=The%20North%20Atlantic%20Treaty%20Organization,security%20against%20the%20Soviet%20Union.&text=NATO%20was%20the%20first%20peacetime,outside%20of%20the%20Western%20Hemisphere. ]]> 2023-04-20 14:23:56 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561934466 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561934930 This plan, called “Vietnamization” by Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, was a process created by Richard Nixon of removing U.S troops to be replaced by South Vietnam troops. The U.S would also help train these new troops and give them supplies. 

Source: https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/vietnamization]]> 2023-04-20 14:24:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561934930 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561935525 This was a meeting of multiple nations in Geneva, including the Soviet Union. Topics discussed were disarmament and the unification of Germany. Nikita Khrushchev talked about the spirit of Geneva and peaceful coexistence.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Geneva-Summit-1955]]> 2023-04-20 14:24:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561935525 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561935703 Simultaneous attacks staged by North Vietnam against 5 major South Vietnam cities. It was a crushing defeat for the North and decreased support for the war with Americans, and made Lyndon B. Johnson's popularity decrease.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tet-Offensive]]> 2023-04-20 14:24:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561935703 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561938972 To fight the effects of the Great Depression president Franklin Roosevelt created government agencies that helped citizens and the economy. Examples include the SEC (Securities and Exchange Comission) which uncovered stock manipulation and protected investors. FHA (Federal Housing Administration) helped give unemployed construction workers jobs. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/list/7-alphabet-soup-agencies-that-stuck-around]]> 2023-04-20 14:26:55 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561938972 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561939900 Established the legal rights of most workers to organize/join labor unions and bargain collectively. This act was sponsored by  Democratic Senator Robert F. Wagner and made the federal government as regulator of labor relations. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wagner-Act]]> 2023-04-20 14:27:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561939900 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561940542 The Supreme Court was hostile to Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs and legislation and declared many unconstitutional, so he proposed a bill to expand Supreme Court. Critics claim he wanted this bill to pack the courts. 

Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roosevelt-announces-court-packing-plan]]> 2023-04-20 14:27:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561940542 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561941016 Congress passed 3 neutrality acts to keep the U.S out of WW1. It included making it illegal for U.S to sell or transport weapons to warring nations. Franklin Roosevelt suggested an edit that allowed nations to pay for weapons in cash and carry it themselves, a cash-and-carry plan. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/text/page20_text.html]]> 2023-04-20 14:28:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2561941016 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562620095 Woodrow Wilson created a guidline for rebuilding the postwar world. It included creating the League of Nations, no secret treaties, decrease of arms, and other points. This was met with resistance in the Senate and was rejected. 

Source: https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/peace/fourteen-points ]]> 2023-04-21 01:45:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562620095 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562630193 William Taft increased the power of the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) to suspend railroad rate increases and allowed it to set rates. It also expanded the ICC's jurisdiction to telephones, radios, and telegraphs. 

Source: https://millercenter.org/president/taft/domestic-affairs#:~:text=Among%20the%20significant%20pieces%20of,telephones%2C%20telegraphs%2C%20and%20radio.]]> 2023-04-21 01:54:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562630193 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562630959 William Taft, a republican, wanted lower tariffs so the U.S congress passed this bill. The bill wasn't seen as low enough of a decrease caused Taft to lose the support of progressives in his party. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Payne-Aldrich-Tariff-Act]]> 2023-04-21 01:55:25 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562630959 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562631258 Gifford Pinchot angered William Taft by opposing Ballinger's decision to sell public land to corporate developers. Taft fired Gifford Pinchot for insubordination which ended the friendship between him and Theordore Roosevelt. This led to both running and allowing Woodrow Wilson to win. 

Source: http://apushcanvas.pbworks.com/w/page/64335936/The%20Ballinger-Pinchot%20Affair]]> 2023-04-21 01:55:41 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562631258 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562632661 The fire was caused by a discarded cigarette, and quickly spread throughout the building. Doors to escape were locked to prevent theft so many workers were trapped inside. This inspired a national movement for safer working conditions. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Triangle-shirtwaist-factory-fire]]> 2023-04-21 01:57:00 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562632661 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562633944 Caused because of women's rights activists such as Susan B. Anthony raised public awareness and lobbying the government the 19th amendment was passed. This amendment guaranteed American women the right to vote.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/19th-amendment-1 ]]> 2023-04-21 01:58:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562633944 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562634314 Woodrow Wilson wanted banking and currency reforms, and achieved this through the creation of the Federal Reserve System. This meant the federal government no longer had to depend on private bankers. 

Source: https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Passes_the_Federal_Reserve_Act.htm#:~:text=In%20June%20President%20Wilson%20formally,its%20version%20of%20the%20bill.]]> 2023-04-21 01:58:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562634314 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562634557 This war happened because Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia after an assassination. Woodrow Wilson originally wanted to stay out of the war, but because of unrestricted U-boat and the Zimmerman telegram the U.S entered the war.

Source: https://npg.si.edu/blog/woodrow-wilson-and-first-world-war ]]> 2023-04-21 01:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562634557 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562635112 Based on eugenics research and sponsored by US Representative Albert Johnson, this temporarily limited immigration based off scientifically placing quotas on immigrants country of birth. It was typically 3% of total number of foregin born people in the previous years census. 

Source: https://immigrationhistory.org/item/%E2%80%8B1921-emergency-quota-law/]]> 2023-04-21 01:59:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562635112 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562635469 To help struggling farmers this Act was passed by Warren Harding which increases tariffs on wheat, sugar, meat, wool and other agricultural products imported to the U.S from foreign nations. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/protectionism#:~:text=To%20provide%20protection%20for%20American,later%20by%20the%20Fordney%2DMcCumber]]> 2023-04-21 01:59:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562635469 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562636003 Albert Fall, the sectretary of interior, secretly gave Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome reserves and other petrolum companies. These were later under investigation by the Senate and the crimes discovered. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Teapot-Dome-Scandal

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Teapot-Dome-Scandal]]> 2023-04-21 02:00:04 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562636003 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562636612 U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes invited 9 nations to come together in Washington D.C to discuss. The meeting was created to discuss naval disarmament and how to decrease the rising tensions in East Asia. 3 treaties came from the meeting. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/naval-conference]]> 2023-04-21 02:00:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562636612 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562637901 This plan was to arrange a way for Germany to pay it's reparations after WW1. This was presided by Charles Dawes, and his committee. It was planned for Germany to have a stable currency and the budget balanced. It was extremely successful. ]]> 2023-04-21 02:01:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562637901 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562638306 John Scopes taught evolution as a high school science teacher, which violated Tennessee law that required creationism only. William Jennings Bryan was the prosecution and a christian fundamentalist while Clarence Darrow was the defense. Fundamentalist beliefs were challenged and humiliated.

Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/monkey-trial-begins ]]> 2023-04-21 02:02:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562638306 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562638671 After WW1 the U.S wanted to increase efforts to prevent another war. French Minister of Foreign Affairs Aristide Briand created a peace pact between France and the U.S that agrees to prevent war. The pact was expanded to all nations as the U.S didn't want to intervene in France wars because of the pact. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/kellogg]]> 2023-04-21 02:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562638671 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562639182 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were defendants in a murder case, and were 2 Italian anarchists. Radicals believed they were innocent and were convicted because of their anarchist beliefs and not from evidence. Many protested their unfair trail. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sacco-and-Vanzetti]]> 2023-04-21 02:03:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562639182 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562640361 The stock market was decreasing rapidly, and many people sold stocks and panicked. J.P Morgan and other bankers bought millions in stock to increase confidence in the market, but the continued decrease the next day made people panic sell again. 

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blackthursday.asp]]> 2023-04-21 02:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562640361 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562640530 Causes of this stock market crash can be attributed to low wages, debt, overproduction of farms, risky bank loans, and poor financial investments. Billions of dollars were lost as the stock prices plummeted. The Rockefeller family tried to buy stocks to increase confidence but that failed.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/1929-stock-market-crash]]> 2023-04-21 02:04:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562640530 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562640970 Increased import tariffs to protect Amercain businesses and farmers that added to the internnational strain from Great Depression. The main sponser was Senator Reed Smoot of Utah, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. This caused many overseas banks to fail. Other countries followed suit and hurt internnational trade more. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Smoot-Hawley-Tariff-Act]]> 2023-04-21 02:05:00 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562640970 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562642055 After WW1 a bonus payment for veterans was allowed by Congress, but many veterans wanted the bonus money sooner because of the Great Depression happening. Jobless veterans banded together and marched on Washington D.C to get the payment sooner. It failed to happen and Attorney General William Mitchell ordered the DC police to remove all the protesters. 

Source: https://www.nps.gov/articles/bonus-expeditionary-forces-march-on-washington.htm]]> 2023-04-21 02:05:56 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562642055 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562642766 Alger Hiss was a former government lawyer and helped create the U.N. The main issue of the trial was espionage, a crime Elizabeth Bentley, defected Soviet spy, accused multiple people of. Whittaker Chambers provided proof against Hiss that he was a communist. His charges increased fear of communist invading the government. 

Source: https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alger-hiss]]> 2023-04-21 02:06:38 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562642766 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562643428 Five seperate cases grouped into one about segregation in public schools. Thurgood Marshall argued the case in front of the Supreme Court that sepreate schools were inherently unequal. Earl Warren was the deciding person in declaring segregation in schools unequal and unconstitutional. 

Source: https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment]]> 2023-04-21 02:07:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562643428 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562643851 A creation by John F. Kennedy, the agency allowed for Americans to serve their country by traveling abroad and helping other countries who don't have the resources for certain things. 

Source: https://www.peacecorps.gov/about/history/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20signature%20achievements,and%20impromptu%20speech%20in%201960.]]> 2023-04-21 02:07:38 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562643851 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562644311 Organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), it was a group of people testing the legitmacy of the unsegregatied public transportation. John Lewis, a freedom rider, was attacked when trying to enter a segregated area. 

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides]]> 2023-04-21 02:08:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2562644311 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565855245 He was a supporter of the Free Soil Party (opposing extension of slavery), and supporter of new Republican party. He was a military general winning promotion to major general after distinguishing himself at the Battle of Chickamauga. Won the presidential election by promoting his rags to riches background and was the 1st to do "front porch" campaigns. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-A-Garfield]]> 2023-04-24 15:02:08 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565855245 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565878454 An agreement settled by Jimmy Carter between between Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian Pres. Anwar Sadat, that led to a formal peace treaty. This event led to Jimmy Carter being awarded a Nobel Peace Prize. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Camp-David-Accords]]> 2023-04-24 15:18:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565878454 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565878669 When the U.S allowed medical care to, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, former Shah of Iran the people protested, and broke into the U.S embassy in Tehran as hostages. The people were held for 444 days, and this crisis undermined Jimmy Carter's entire presidency. 

Source: https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/iraniancrises]]> 2023-04-24 15:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565878669 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565878871 Soviet Union intervened to support Afghan communist government in battle with anti-communist rebels. The Soviets goal was to create a new state with Babrak Karmal as leader, but lacked popularity to do so.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan]]> 2023-04-24 15:18:28 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565878871 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565879144 With 13% high inflation and increasing gas prices Jimmy Carters popularity was extremely low. After his retreat in the mountians he gave this speech were he criticzed American materialism. 

Source: https://daily.jstor.org/jimmy-carter-and-the-meaning-of-malaise/ ]]> 2023-04-24 15:18:41 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565879144 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565879263 Gerald Ford pardons Nixon for his crimes, the media disliked this immensely, but there weren't any secret dealings behind this action. 

Source: https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-nixon-pardon-in-retrospect]]> 2023-04-24 15:18:46 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565879263 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565879956 There was a terrible recession with high unemployment and a stagnant economy, and Gerald Ford wanted to fix this. His economic advisors created Whip Inflation Now that had initiatives individuals and businesses could participate in. Results were lacking so the program died. 

Source: https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/museum/artifactcollectionsamples/win.html]]> 2023-04-24 15:19:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565879956 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565880759 When President Nixon requested aid to send to Isreal for support during the Yom Kippur war OPEC placed the U.S on an oil embargo. This increased the price of oil and oil shortages in the U.S. 

Source: https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74#:~:text=October%201973%E2%80%93January%201974&text=The%20embargo%20ceased%20U.S.%20oil,a%20barrel%20in%20January%201974.]]> 2023-04-24 15:19:48 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565880759 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565883075 Lyndon B. Johnson signed this into law which gave health insurance to the elderly and people with limited income, which was paid for by federal funds through taxing employees. President Harry S. Truman started the discussion for a national healthcare plan. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/medicare-and-medicaid-act]]> 2023-04-24 15:21:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2565883075 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567791187 Diplomatic agreement signed in Finland and was a way to decrease tension between Soviet and Western bloc. Every nation's leader, such as Gerald Ford for U.S, signed and agreed to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Helsinki-Accords]]> 2023-04-25 20:27:09 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567791187 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567793177 U.S evacuated thousands of Americans and South Vietnamese days before the South Vietnamese capitol Saigon fell to the North Vietnam army, which ended the Vietnam war. This happened because the U.S had removed troops during Nixon's presidency and the South Vietnamse couldn't keep up the fight.

Source: https://diplomacy.state.gov/stories/fall-of-saigon-1975-american-diplomats-refugees/]]> 2023-04-25 20:29:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567793177 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567796464 Ronald Reagans campagin promise was to appoint first woman to Supreme Court, and he fullfilled that by nominating Sandra Day O'Connor. She was the first female state Senate majority leader in the country too. 

Source: https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/oconnor.html]]> 2023-04-25 20:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567796464 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567810235 President Ronald Reagan and Gorbachev came together to create an agreement. This required U.S and Soviet Union to permanently eliminate all nuclear and conventional missiles. This agreement led to both countries destroying 2,692 missiles.  

Source: https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/INFtreaty]]> 2023-04-25 20:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567810235 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567810533 Proposed by Ronald Reagan in a speech, the idea was a system against potential nuclear attacks from the Soviet Union. It required technology not yet developed and was a space laser based system. Critics said the plan was unworkable. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Strategic-Defense-Initiative]]> 2023-04-25 20:53:51 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567810533 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567811156 Nicagarua was in the middle of a war between Contras and the Cuban back communist Sandinistas. Reagan allowed the U.S to secretly sell arms to Iran and part of this money was diverted to support the Contras in the Nicagarua war. This was later uncovered the president was found to have no fault. 

Source: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reagan-iran/]]> 2023-04-25 20:54:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567811156 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567827458 The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) was signed by President George H.W. Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. This treaty limited the amount of intercontinental ballistic missiles each country could possess. 

Source: https://www.nps.gov/articles/start-treaty-1991.htm]]> 2023-04-25 21:18:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567827458 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567827631 Protest by people in China started happening as they demanded more political freedom and less censorship, mainly in Tiananmen Square. The government responded with martial law and killed/arrested protesters. 

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48445934]]> 2023-04-25 21:18:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567827631 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567827933 Triggered by the invasion of Iraq into Kuwait to acquire the oil reservation, the U.N called countries together to protect Kuwait. The U.S, U.N, and other nations attacked Iraq forces in Kuwait forcing them to leave in Operation Desert Storm, but Saddam Hussein still remained in power.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Persian-Gulf-War]]> 2023-04-25 21:19:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567827933 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567828314 World's first comphrensive civil rights law for people with disabilities signed by George H. W. Bush. It banned discriminatory hiring against people with disabilities, and required public accomodations to be useable by disabled people. 

Source: https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/disability/george-bush-and-the-americans-with-disabilities-act/]]> 2023-04-25 21:19:38 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567828314 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567881760 Stands for the North American Free Trade Agreement, and was signed into law by Bill Clinton. It was a trade pact between U.S, Mexico, and Canada that removed many tariffs/trade restrictions between the countries. A critic,  Ross Perot believed companies would leave to Mexico. 

Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nafta-signed-into-law]]> 2023-04-25 22:54:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567881760 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567883955 She had a relationship with Bill Clinton during his presidency and her co-worker secretly recorded conversations with her about the affair. Starr, an independent counsel, used this information to convict Bill Clinton of perjury and he was impeached. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Monica-Lewinsky]]> 2023-04-25 22:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567883955 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567884044 For the 1st time in almost 40 years the Republican party controlled both the U.S House of Representatives and the Senate. With Representative Newt Gingrich as leader he empowered the Republican party to join together with a “Contract with America.” It included decreasing taxes and removing welfare programs.

Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-republican-revolution]]> 2023-04-25 22:58:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567884044 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567885306 Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, a moderate Hutu, was killed by an extremist Hutu to create a political vacuum to allow extremist Hutu's to rise to power. There then a mass murder by extremist Hutu's against the minority Tutsi population. Bill Clinton failed to respond to the crisis.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Rwanda-genocide-of-1994/Aftermath]]> 2023-04-25 23:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567885306 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567897987 An airplane crashed into the World Trade Center in NYC, then a second airplane crashed into the World Trade Center too. Another plane then crashed into the Pentagon. The terrorist who hijacked the planes were paid for by Osama Bin Laden, and retaliating because of U.S support of Israel.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks]]> 2023-04-25 23:21:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567897987 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567898191 During the War on Terror George Bush released a doctrine that supported preemptive strikes, and that if you aren't supporting America you are against it. The doctrine wanted more military bases around the world and developing defense technology, and that the U.S would act alone if necessary. 

Source: https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-19-3-c-the-bush-doctrine]]> 2023-04-25 23:21:23 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567898191 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567898390 Passed shortly after the terrorist attacks during 9/11 the act gave law enforcement agencies wider powers to bring terrorist to justice, and decreased the threshold for law enforcement to gather evidence against suspected terrorist. Critics said it was an overreach of federal power.

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/patriotact.asp]]> 2023-04-25 23:21:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567898390 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567898548 John Boehner and Ted Kennedy were the main sponsers behidn the bill signed into law by George Bush, and it was mostly considered a failure. Mandates states create measures of progress based on standardized tests or face conseqeunces. Critics said it forced teachers to "teach a test", etc. 

Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/george-bush-signs-no-child-left-behind-act-into-law]]> 2023-04-25 23:21:54 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567898548 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567899445 Signed into law by Barack Obama that was meant to improve affordability and quality health insurance in the U.S. Reduced the amount of uninsured Americans. 

Source: https://www.healthinsurance.org/obamacare/]]> 2023-04-25 23:23:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567899445 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567899603 The Supreme Court ruling allowed corporations and outside groups to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote limiting spending would be violating the 1st amendment. 

Source: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/citizens-united-explained]]> 2023-04-25 23:23:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567899603 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567900889 In response to the Great Recession of 2008 Obama signed this act gave tax cuts, unemployment benefits for families, expanding healthcare, and educational spending. Some believed it wasn't enough and other believed it was too much government spending. 

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act.asp ]]> 2023-04-25 23:25:33 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567900889 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567902668 Pro-democracy protests were happening throughout Middle East and North Africa challenging the authoritarian regimes. In Tunisia Mohamed Bouazizi protested treatment by local officials and started Jasmine Movement throughout country. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Arab-Spring]]> 2023-04-25 23:28:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567902668 nylahthurmond https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567937092 Compromise between Great Britain and U.S by Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, British minister to Washington, and John M. Clayton, U.S. secretary of state. The 2 countries would jointly control canal built in Panama. 

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Clayton-Bulwer-Treaty]]> 2023-04-26 00:09:41 UTC https://padlet.com/nylahthurmond/vl72dx788wvbdhur/wish/2567937092