Asbestos and Frustrated Phagocytosis by Nicola Green https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa Tutorial on innate immunity en-us 2020-11-06 08:20:21 UTC 2025-10-10 11:50:08 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626609665 size and shape of fibers

]]> 2025-10-10 11:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626609665 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626610350 length of the fibres

]]> 2025-10-10 11:29:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626610350 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626610718 Short one can stay inside the cell

But long ones will break the cell and release whatever inside it

]]> 2025-10-10 11:30:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626610718 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626610812 worse if longer

]]> 2025-10-10 11:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626610812 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626611903 Surface reactivity

]]> 2025-10-10 11:31:01 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626611903 crystallinity https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626611965 2025-10-10 11:31:03 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626611965 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626612288 Its surface reactivity, crystallinity, and the presence of transition metals. The size and shape of the fibers also affect their toxicity. The stability of the fibers will also determine if they are degraded or removed.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:31:21 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626612288 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626612553 transition metals

]]> 2025-10-10 11:31:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626612553 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626613232 Its degree of crystallinity determines how the fibres break down

]]> 2025-10-10 11:32:26 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626613232 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626613310 presence of transition metals -> enhance surface reactivity

]]> 2025-10-10 11:32:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626613310 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626613981 capability of it being released into the air as asbestos-containing materials

]]> 2025-10-10 11:33:08 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626613981 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626614491 Mesothelial cells were killed within 2-10 days of asbestos exposure, however a prolonged exposure of 30-50 years to asbestos can lead to chronic inflammation, and induced mesothelioma. Fibers less than 5 μm were encapsulated and removed from the lungs, preventing any chronic inflammation. However longer fibers are imperfectly phagocytosed, and result in "frustrated phagocytosis", causing them to remain in the lungs for extended periods of time, resulting in a malignant formation. Similar biomaterials which are rejected by the body and are not able to be phagocytosed, and are left to remain in the body tissue may also cause chronic inflammation and malignant formation like asbestos.



]]> 2025-10-10 11:33:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626614491 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626614619 Long fibres cannot be sealed inside the cell so gaps in the cell release the enzymes and acid at into the surroundings, damaging the surrounding tissue

]]> 2025-10-10 11:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626614619 Asbestos that penetrate the pleura cause prolonged inflamation. This results in the gathering of Fe(2), IL-1B, ROS and HMGB1 which create a mutagenic environment. The persisting inflammation and presence of the BAP 1 mutation (suppresses mesothelial cell death) results in tumerous cells being formed but never killed https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626615362 2025-10-10 11:34:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626615362 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626615613 the presence of transition metals


]]> 2025-10-10 11:34:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626615613 When breathing asbestos they reach alveoli the cause damage https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626616943 2025-10-10 11:35:46 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626616943 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617311 Short fibres are less likely to cause chronic inflammation, because long fibres cannot be fully engulfed, which causes the constant inflammation in the lungs etc

]]> 2025-10-10 11:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617311 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617338 Stability of the fibres in the lungs

]]> 2025-10-10 11:36:12 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617338 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617504 Long asbestos fibers are known to be as-sociated with carcinogenesis due to being unable to be properly phagacytosed, however shorter ones are able to be phagacytosed efficiently

]]> 2025-10-10 11:36:23 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617504 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617957 excess iron

]]> 2025-10-10 11:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626617957 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626620217 The surface of asbestos fibres matter as if they contain iron or transition metals they can react.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:38:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626620217 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626620222 Cells involved in the immune system like phagosomes may mistake biomaterials as harmful foreign objects and attempt to destroy them. This could result in problems with the destruction/removal process conducted by the cell that might cause the cell to harm surrounding tissue.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:38:33 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626620222 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626620768 continuous exposure to ROS and RNS as the result of frustrated phagocytosis damages DNA

]]> 2025-10-10 11:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626620768 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626621934 biocompatability

]]> 2025-10-10 11:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626621934 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626623739 Implanting something in the body that the body tries to remove may result in more harm to the body and act as a toxic substance.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:41:43 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626623739 Might create a fibrous wall around it to protect the body which results in implant failure https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626623815 2025-10-10 11:41:48 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626623815 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626624293 take geometry into consideration when thinking about biocompatibility

]]> 2025-10-10 11:42:06 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626624293 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626624481 need to consider the biocompatability and size of biomaterial. could use film to deter phagocytes. make bimaterial inert

]]> 2025-10-10 11:42:20 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626624481 consider biopersistancy https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626625097 2025-10-10 11:42:47 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626625097 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626625470 Biomaterials need to be designed to be small enough that they can be engulfed if there is doubt that the body will target them

]]> 2025-10-10 11:43:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626625470 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626625531 I think it shows that the designing of any implants etc show that shape and size matters aswell as the material. It can also show that even if a material is biocompatible in the short term, in the long term the low chronic inflammation can cause tissue remodelling or damage etc . This then could increase the risk of the thing in the body failing .

]]> 2025-10-10 11:43:17 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626625531 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626109 Must be bioinert, biocompatible and if it must degrade in the body, do so into a size that the body can remove it in its entirety.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:43:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626109 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626177 immune systems may affect not only implanted biomaterials but also existing tissue

]]> 2025-10-10 11:43:54 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626177 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626205 Quality check is essential for implant safety

]]> 2025-10-10 11:43:55 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626205 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626979 The bodies response to asbestos fibres tells us this is not a biocompatible material. This links to the wider issue of implanting biomaterials because this same characteristic has to be considered when developing prosthetics for example. Whenever a material is implanted into the body it’s biocompatible and the way this material degrades over time has to be had into account. Materials that release shorter fibres when degrading should be prioritized over other types of materials. This way the body is able to get rid of the remaining fibers in a safe manner.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:44:30 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626626979 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626627530 chronic inflammation may occur as not every substance are biodegradable

]]> 2025-10-10 11:45:00 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626627530 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626628856 If you add a material inside the body, and let's say a sub-unit or a really small bit of that material were to enter the blood stream or just break off, perhaps it the body should be able to break it down. So we should ensure that the material would be able to break down.

]]> 2025-10-10 11:46:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626628856 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626630039 Short fibers can be completely encapsulated and removed by phagosomes, hence do not retain in the lungs and do not cause chronic inflammation

]]> 2025-10-10 11:47:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626630039 https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626632736 Longer fibers are imperfectly phagocytosed by macrophages resulting in frustrated phagocytosis and remain in the lungs for extended periods

]]> 2025-10-10 11:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nhgreen2/vhzze2mzudn3t9wa/wish/3626632736