-Can self-soothe, but may need adults aid to sooth them (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

-Demonstrate emotions in a socially acceptable manner

-Ability to manage their emotions and actions with little adult help .

-Aware when behaving inappropriately there will be consequences (Ohio Department of Education. (2015).

Ohio's new learning standards Kindergarten through grade 3. Retrieved from http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Early-Learning/Early-Learning-Content-Standards/Ohios-Kindergarten-Through-Grade-3-Learning-and-D/K-3-Standards.pdf.aspx)

-Still struggle with taking turns talking or sharing during group activities (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

Conflict Resolution:

-May be able to resolve conflicts with friends through developing negotiation skills or with teacher intervention
-Occasionally share classroom materials (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

(California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

-Children may begin to understand another child upset inside even if they don't say or show that they are (PBS. (n.d).  

-Children become aware of themselves in comparison to others.

-Children will compare themselves to their peers  (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

-Identify gender, race, social class, ability and disability
-They begin to recognize their thoughts are their own and nobody else's (Nilsen, B. A. (2017). Week by week: Plans for documenting children’s development (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 382-383).

-May direct others during play or may be the directed (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

Some stages of Play:
-Cooperative: When a child collaboratively engages with one  or more children reacting to their actions or directions
-Parallel: While not playing with other children the child plays beside another acknowledging their presence
-Onlooker: A child will observe others play without involvement

(Nilsen, B. A. (2017). Week by week: Plans for documenting children’s development (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 125-126).

 Solitary- Common from ages 2 and 3, but is used by all age groups.  

Onlooker- Most common between the ages of 2½ and 3½.

Parallel- Also more common in ages 2 ½ and 3 ½  

Cooperative- This play begins to arise between ages 4 and 6, less common before these ages. (GEMS World Academy Chicago. (2018). Six stages of play: How young children develop their social skills. Retrieved from http://gemschicagoearlyyears.com/six-stages-of-play-how-young-children-develop-their-social-skills/)

-Children begin to follow set rules, even without an adult present, and with occasional redirection and guidance from adults. (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 36 months (3 years) to 48 months (4 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/36-months-to-48-months/#soc-emot)

-This age groups has a need for independence and occasionally refuses to accept assistance even when needed
-Caregivers also serve as role models and assist children with exploring language to describe their emotions, promoting empathy, and teaching conflict resolution.
(California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)