PRODUCTS FROM OIL by Jake Tew

WHAT IS AN OIL?

Tewie — 2014-04-22 08:47:05 UTC

An oil is a viscous liquid, derived from

petroleum, especially for use as a fuel

or lubricant.

oils

10tevers — 2014-04-22 08:47:31 UTC

Oils are very important to us in a variety of ways.

Oils such as petroleum are useful because petroleum does more than just provide gasoline for cars and jet fuel for airliners. Products and byproducts of petroleum end up in items used daily around the world — billions of pounds of polyethylene plastic alone go toward making plastic bags, food containers, hula hoops and other consumer products. But here are a few petroleum-derived items found in and around the modern-day home that may surprise you. Items such as:

solar pannels

wrinkle resistant clothes

bubble gum

crayons

Tewie — 2014-04-22 08:49:33 UTC

WHAT IS IT USED FOR?

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:50:45 UTC

Some of the uses of crude oil include making a variety of fuels such as
gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and bunker fuel. It is also used to make
kerosene as well as fertilizers and pesticides. It is also used in the
production of cosmetics, perfumes and as the chief ingredient in the manufacture
of synthetic rubbers.

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:51:56 UTC

Crude oil is pumped from the ground in the Middle East (e.g., Saudi Arabian Arab Light), West Africa (e.g., Nigerian Bonny Light), the Americas, and Asia (Russia), pumped into ships called tankers, and sailed across the ocean to oil refineries on the Delaware River.

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:52:17 UTC

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:52:34 UTC

Refining is the complex series of processes that manufactures finished petroleum products out of crude oil. While refining begins as simple distillation (by heating and separating), refiners must use more sophisticated additional processes and equipment in order to produce the mix of products that the market demands. Generally, this latter effort minimizes the production of heavier, lower value products (for example, residual fuel oil, used to power large ocean-going ships) in favor of middle distillates (jet fuel, kerosene, home heating oil and diesel fuel) and lighter, higher value products (liquid petroleum gases (LPG), naphtha, and gasoline).

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:53:43 UTC

Crude oil is the term for "unprocessed" oil, the stuff that comes out of the ground. It is also known as petroleum. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago -- most places you can find crude oil were once sea beds. Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tar-black, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid.

Crude oils are such a useful starting point for so many different substances because they contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures, from straight chains to branching chains to rings.

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:54:28 UTC

Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy. Many of the things derived from crude oil like gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax and so on take advantage of this energy.

Hydrocarbons can take on many different forms. The smallest hydrocarbon is methane (CH₄), which is a gas that is a lighter than air. Longer chains with 5 or more carbons are liquids. Very long chains are solids like wax or tar. By chemically cross-linking hydrocarbon chains you can get everything from synthetic rubber to nylon to the plastic in tupperware. Hydrocarbon chains are very versatile!

WHAT ITS MADE OF

St7gg — 2014-04-22 08:55:02 UTC

On average, crude oils are made of the following elements or compounds:

Carbon - 84%
Hydrogen - 14%
Sulfur - 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur)
Nitrogen - less than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups)
Oxygen - less than 1% (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids)
Metals - less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic)
Salts - less than 1% (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride)

10jbetteley — 2014-04-22 08:55:08 UTC

A summary of some of the advantages and disadvantages of making ethanol using non-renewable or renewable resources

ethene and steam	sugar from plant material
type of raw materials	non-renewable	renewable
type of process	continuous (runs all the time)	batch (stop-start)
labour	few workers needed	a lot of workers needed
rate of reaction	fast	slow
conditions needed	high temperature and pressure	warm, normal pressure
purity of product	pure	impure – needs treatment
energy needed	a lot	a little

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc

Olleh_Amaze — 2014-04-30 08:13:46 UTC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xzYf8IL_FE

Olleh_Amaze — 2014-04-30 08:15:49 UTC