England became the attraction of a worldwide Industrial Revolution in the early 19th century and soon to be the world’s most  industrialised country. Representation resources from every settled mainland, cities such as Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool transform raw materials into produced goods for a global market, while London, the country’s capital come out as one of the world’s greatest cities and the hub of a political, economic, and cultural network that enlarged far beyond England’s shores. London has at least two (and sometimes many more) of everything such as cities, mayors, sea, cathedrals, chambers of commerce, police forces, orchestras, opera houses, and universities. In every aspect it is responsible as a fusion or confederal metropolis.

The geographic, economic, and social severance of Tennessee are considered in a regionalized culture from which have materialized many remarkable figures in the arts. The white European colonizer tradition helped to shape the music, crafts, and legends of East Tennessee, while African Americans have been an influential cultural pressure in the western part of the state. Middle Tennesseans have nourished a rich amalgam of religious, educational, and other institutions.

ðə bɛst fæst fud ɪn ðə taʊn sɜrvz ˈpitsə wɪð ə ˈbæzəl ænd ˌɔˈrɛgəˌnoʊ æz ˌɔˈrɛgəˌnoʊ hæz ə strɔŋ, mɔr əˈsɜrtɪv ˈfleɪvər. waɪl ˈbæzəl ɪz mɔr ˈflɔrəl.

aɪ hɜrd ðæt hi wɜrkt æz ə kæˈʃɪr æt ðə kəˈfeɪ baɪ ðə pɑrk.

2.The lady in the red coat helped me to carry one of my grocery bags.

ðə ˈleɪdi ɪn ðə rɛd koʊt hɛlpt mi tu ˈkæri wʌn ʌv maɪ ˈgroʊsəri bægz.

As for the speakers from Tennessee, although she is from the south part of the USA, the pronunciation of “r” is noticeable for both sentences in the transcription 1. We are able to hear it clearly despite the statements cited in Demirezen (2012) about South American. Words in the transcription 1  that have a rhotic accent are 'heard', worked', 'cashier', 'park', 'red', 'carry' and 'grocery'. The speakers from Tennessee pronounce the “r” clearly. This indicates that she is applying a rhotic accent or dialect.

The retroflex approximant is produced when a rhotic accent is being used. Initially, our gum is approached by our tongue which then the tip curls back towards the roof of the mouth thus, it causes the tongues to be pulled back into the mouth when the movement occurs. This clarifies for the retroflexion part of the consonant. The tip of the tongue fails to touch the gum to an extent hence causing no friction to happen.

The vocal tract stays open broadly which explains the phrase approximant in other sounds such as stop [d], is where the tongue touches the gum. The symbol [ɻ] is to express retroflex approximant in phonetics. The letter r may potentially be pronounced in 2 other ways for rhotic accent of American English aside from the sound  [ɻ] which are as the alveolar approximant [ɹ] and alveolar flap [ɾ].

Alveolar approximant occurs when the sound [ɹ] show up at the prevocalic positions in syllable or syllable-clusters such as red [ɹed] which happens in both accents. Whereas alveolar flap which often occurs in American English only, is a sound of  [ɾ] at intervocalic position along with the stress on the first vowel is substitute with [ɾ] such as parish [ˈpæɾɪʃ], or lurid [ˈlʊɾɪd] and it appears by replacing an [ɹ] at intervallic position simultaneously in a sentence when two words are linked in between. 

For instance some rhotic accent can be found in the sentence can be found in

The /æ/ and the /e/ phonemes become /eə/ in the position vowel-consonant-vowel. For example in the transcription 1, carry [ˈkæri]

There are a few circumstances where a rhotic accent is produced. When a word is pronounced in isolation or at the end of a prosodic break is where rhotic accent can be found. Next, within a prosodic unit  the last syllable of a words which ends by [ɻ] while the next word starts with a vowel, then the rhotic consonant is substituted by [ɹ] or [ɾ], depending on the particular accent. However, when the letter r does not belong in the same syllable, the rhotic accent is absent. 

aɪ hɜːd ðæt hiː wɜːkt æz ə kæˈʃɪər æt ðə ˈkæfeɪ baɪ ðə pɑːk.

2. The lady in the red coat helped me to carry one of my grocery bags. 

ðə ˈleɪdi ɪn ðə rɛd kəʊt hɛlpt miː tuː ˈkæri wʌn ɒv maɪ ˈgrəʊsəri bægz.

 

The United Kingdom is a country that applies non-rhotic accent during communicating. MacArthur (1998) stated that England is a non-rhotic country. To strengthen the statements mentioned above, Gelderen (2016) explained that the language brought by Celtic, Roman and Germanic (angles, Saxon, Frisians and Jutes) were certainly a rhotic and a legacy was left for the speakers when they conquered England. The upper class of Southern England extracted the rhotic accent in communicating to differentiate between social classes by the end of 18th century. It is easily embraced by the middle class and the new accent took off. Mostly lower working classes located in Scotland and Ireland thus it shows why the people there are rhotic speakers. (cited in Demirezen, 2012)

In a YouTube video called “The R Sounds in British and American English”, Vicki, mentioned that non-rhotic speakers did pronounce “r” but very lightly. However they pronounced it strongly or audibly when the letter “r” is placed before a vowel. Hence, the "r" can be heard as they pronounce it. Whereas, the “r” pronunciation will be spoken weakly when it is followed by a consonant or by the end of a word. For instance,

Next for the second word he pronounced oregano as (orah-ga-no). He stresses the alphabet o for the syllable (orah) and the alphabet g for the syllable (ga) and the loudness of his voices decrease as he does not stress the syllable (no). His pitch goes up when he speaks the syllable (orah-ga) and his pitch goes down when he speaks the syllable (no). Their pitch, loudness and the stress made a difference between American and British. 

Another obvious difference from the British accent that has been displayed by the speaker is the pronunciation of the word oregano. She pronounces (oh-ray-ga-no), in this particular word with four syllables. She pronounces the syllables (oh) without stress while the syllables (ray) and syllables (ga), her pitch goes up as she stresses the part of the word. Lastly the syllables (no), the loudness of her voice and her pitch decreased this shows a huge difference between American and British.

Next, based on what has been analysed, the various linguistic variations of both speakers London and Tennessee, It is interesting to know that the stress of a particular phrase or word does affect the receiver. Speakers from London, England speak differently not only from the accent but their word stress is also different from our Tennessee, South America speaker. From what we have analyzed, the word that has two syllables still remains as it is while the word that is longer, the syllables will be differ to the both countries. As for the speaker from London, the word oregano has three syllables but for the Tennessee they have four syllables in the same word. This shows the difference between these countries that Tennessee from South America uses word stress more than London from England. Hence we can hear a lot of raising the pitch of their voices and their loudness whenever they speak more than the British. 

Finally, based on the findings of the investigation, there aren't many words that have completely different meanings; most of the time, you'll see: 1) words that have one or more shared meanings as well as one or more meanings that are unique to one variety. 2) words with similar meanings in British and American English but differing in frequency, connotation, or denotation. 

· Rolling means the prank of toilet papering

·  Taters mean potatoes

·  “Yonder” means over there

·   “Slaw” as a synonym for coleslaw 

·    “Tote” means carry