Xilography is a printing technique, appeared in the 14th century, and consists in the use of a block of wood. In this technique the parts that don’t need to be printed are removed. 

Litography is a another printing technique, that based on the immiscibility of oil and water. With this method we are the acid or gum arabic etching the portions of the stone that are not protected by the grease-based image. 

Finally we are the etiching. This printing thechnique is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to be cut in the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in the metal. 

 

 

In art, space is one of the classic seven elements of art. It can be positive or negative, open or closed, shallow or deep, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is. For example, Van Gogh used the space for create a illusion of movement. There are two ways to create space: 1. Overlapping shapes or forms in front of each oher; 2. Holes and cavities. 

Another printing technique is the lithography. It is based on some physical property, for instance on the fact that water and oil can’t be mixed. In fact, with an Arabic gum or an acid, the part of the stone that is not covered by a grease substance can be etched.

Lastly there’s the etching: it is a technique hinged on the use of strong acids to cut the naked parts of a metal( mostly zinc or copper) in order to create a drawing on that metal

One of the most important element during the xylography technique is the chisel: it is a tool with a shape biting edge that is used so to leave the white areas of the printing

It was formerly much used in lithography for engraving and reproduction of colored plates. 
It was treated with a mixture of gum arabic and acid, etching the portion of the stone which were not protected by the grease-based image.

The differences between the different printing technologies are related to how the printer uses his instruments and surfaces: in the Lithography he uses the acid on the portion of the stone not covered with the grease based image; in the Etching the printer uses acid (on the smooth metal surface) only on the portions of the copper or zinc that were drawn on the acid-resistant ground, exposing specific parts of the metal; in the xylography the printer uses a chisel to carve the block of wood only in the parts that will not be covered by ink, also, using this technique the printer can, with a frame, create different carved blocks for each colour.

Lithography:  was invented  in 1796, it is a method that used an image drawn with old or max into the surface of a smooth. Finished the drawn, the stone is treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic

Etching: is a technique that uses chemical action to produce incides lines in a metal printing plate which then hold the applied ink and form the image. It was used for decorating metal from the 14 th century, and used for printmaking from the 16 th century

The chisel is a tool used to remove pieces of material that have the shape of splinters. It is used to remove small parts of wood and in general in stone processing. There are 3 types of chisel that differ in form and type of sharpening (it is used in carpentry, building and mechanics. The chisel is a important element in Xylography and it is used to cut the areas to show 'white'.

Etching  is a printmaking technique that used an acid to removed or cut a metal parts

main difference between etching and xylography:in the etching we used a metal printing whilr in the xylography we used a wood block. And another difference in the etching: we used acid while in the xylography no. 

Lithography is a method based on immiscibility of oil and water. We need limestone and with a pencil drawing with a mixture of acid and gum arabic than we put acid on the limestone surface. At the end we transferred the ink to a blank paper sheet. 

In this printing technique an important element is the color. The color in art is light reflected from a surface,and with him we can create emphasis,harmony,emotions or movement.

 

Lithography is a method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. The part of the stone that is not covered by a grease substance can be etched by an acid or an Arabic gum.

Etching is a printmaking technique that uses chemical action to produce incised lines in a metal printing plate which then hold the applied ink and form the image.

Chisel is one of the most important element in Xylography.  It is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical power. The handle and blade of some types of chisel are made of metal or of wood with a sharp edge in it. Chisel is used to leave the white areas of the printing.