https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue This timeline focuses on Latinx history in the US from 1981-2021 Please place your items on the timeline and drag them to the proper place so that they are in chronological order from left to right. en-us 2021-02-02 03:33:46 UTC 2025-10-08 18:19:44 UTC hello@padlet.com jtrapanick https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164442536 El Paso, a predominantly Hispanic town near the Mexican border in Texas and about the size of Boston, underwent a tragic, hate-driven mass shooting on August 3rd of 2019. The shooter was a white supremacist who drove specifically to a Walmart in the town to target Mexicans, and he ultimately killed 23 people while wounding 23 others. One of the worst attacks on Hispanic people in US history, this reflects the ever-growing threat of far-right extremism and anti-immigrant rhetoric from Trump and his allies, which demonized migrants to an extreme. The shooter, currently at trial, posted a manifesto beforehand which cites a white nationalist theory called "The Great Replacement" and used language similar Trump, although he specifically stated that Trump should not be blamed for his actions. The shooting has shown the extent of white hatred in the US and the continuation of white supremacy's most violent manifestations well into the present.]]> 2021-02-04 15:54:51 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164442536 lgutlerner https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164450389 Puerto Rico still remains today as only a territory of the United States, meaning they are severely limited in any of the freedoms that come with being a state or citizens in the U.S.. In 1991, Puerto Rico held a constitutional referendum requesting to become a free democratic state of the U.S., granting voting rights, representation in the capital, protection under the constitution, and U.S. citizenship to all current and future citizens of Puerto Rico. The original vote was to decide between statehood, independence, or remaining a commonwealth. Puerto Ricans votes to try to become a state, but it was rejected by the U.S. congress by 54.1%, and Puerto Rico did not gain any of the liberties that come with being an American state. ]]> 2021-02-04 15:56:09 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164450389 bgillespie8 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164461170 On November 6, 1986, then President Ronald Reagan and the 99th US Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act, or the IRCA. The IRCA made it much harder for illegal immigrants to work jobs by requiring that employers check that their prospective employees are legally allowed to work and are who they say they are. This was impactful because it meant that, suddenly, it was much harder for many hispanic immigrants to become employed. On the other hand, however, the IRCA also legalized the undocumented immigrants who had arrived in America before January 1, 1982, which had a net postive immpact for the undocumented immigrants who were already in the country.]]> 2021-02-04 15:57:51 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164461170 dnguyen821 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164467872 H.R. 4437 is passed that seeking to impose criminal penalties on “aliens” who illegally enter the country. This bill also required employers to verify employment eligibility by confirming legal status of prospective employees and to construct fences along the US-Mexico border. A bill under the pretense of "Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control" seems to be a direct block towards Mexicans and immigrants.]]> 2021-02-04 15:59:02 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164467872 aosowiecki https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164480740 In 1962, President John F. Kennedy enacted the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, which assisted many Cubans fleeing here for political asylum away from Fidel Castro's oppressive regime during the Cold War. Although assistance centers for this program were opened up throughout the country, the Freedom Tower in Miami is the most important symbol of this period and the Cuban exodus story because of the large numbers of refugees being processed through the station. For many across this country, it is a symbol of hope and of democracy's responsibility to accept all who are fleeing oppression.]]> 2021-02-04 16:01:18 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164480740 amontrose https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164493298 In 2003 after the 2000 U.S. Census data showed Hispanics had passed the Black community in population size. The Black population had only risen about 1.5% but the Hispanic population had risen by about 4.7%. This had been predicted by experts for a long time and the data proved itself during the 2003 Census. Signifying a change in the way race had to be examined in America. Race can no longer be looked at as Black or White, there was a whole another race of people who had to be accounted for during conversations about race and when dealing with race. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:03:26 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164493298 bgillespie8 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164510552 When the original West Side Story movie came out in 1961, it was revolutionary for its time. Featuring a Puerto Rican protagonist with a sympathetic story, it made waves, and when Rita Moreno, a Puerto Rican actress, won an Oscar for her role in the film, the world looked on in awe. Now, 60 years later, the film does not look so god. Many of the Puerto Rcan characters were played by white actors in brown face. And so, when Steven Spelberg deicded to direct a remake of the movie, it was clear that adding true diversity to the cast would be of the utmost importance. Every Latinx character in the film is played by a Latinx actor, including many Puerto Rican actors. Maria, the show's Puerto Rican protagonst, is played by Rachel Zegler, who is Colombian-American. Zegler's casting will show young Latinx people everywhere that they can be great, especially given that she was not famous beforehand and instead was picked from over 30,000 young Latinx women who submitted tapes to the casting call. Rita Moreno will also return in the film, albeit in a different role. The film was originally set to premiere December, 2020, but will now be released December 10, 2021 due to the COVID 19 pandemic.]]> 2021-02-04 16:06:15 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164510552 tjohnsonward https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164519585 The North American Free Trade Agreement established a free-trade zone in North America. It was signed in 1992 by Canada, the US and Mexico, and went into effect on January 1, 1994. It allows companies to ship goods to those countries tax free, attempting to generate economic growth in all three countries. It is the most important feature in the commercial relationship between the US and Mexico. Labor Unions in the US oppose NAFTA because they think it caused a loss in jobs. In 2020, NAFTA was replaces by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement which contains more trade protectionism and is supposed to protect jobs in the US. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:07:46 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164519585 isalazar34 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164520406 The “Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents,” or DAPA is an executive ordered signed by Obama that allowed the parents of US citizens to stay in the US for a period of three years, and they could reapply after those 3 years. This gave people work permits and gave them enough status that they would not be deported. Unfortunately this program is no longer active because the Trump Administration rescinded it in 2017 because it was seen as “unconstitutional”. DAPA was a very important step for immigrants because it allowed parents to be able stay with their children in the US and have a better life. Without it parents can be deported and separated from their children. This is relevant now because the Biden administration has said they want to improve upon immigration in this country, and this program could be reinstated or even made better.]]> 2021-02-04 16:07:54 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164520406 emarcoodajima https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164524303 The events leading up to the actual protests start in 1947, when the U.S. Navy set up a training base on the small island of Vieques, Puerto Rico. Around 2/3 of the residents were evicted from their homeland, while the rest lived in constant fear of falling victim to U.S. Navy bombs during military exercises. The actual event that instigated the mass protests was the killing of David Sanes, a Puerto Rican security guard. These protests continued for years, before President George W. Bush finally ordered the U.S. Navy to withdraw from Vieques in 2003. While the military withdrew from Vieques, the longlasting impact that the Navy had on the environment and economy was not something that could be fixed in a few years. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:08:33 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164524303 sguarnotta https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164529761 Since 1902, after the United States took over Puerto Rico it was decided that it would be a bilingual area of Spanish and English. While congress was considering Puerto Rico receiving statehood a vote was taken and it was decided that Puerto Rico's official language would only be Spanish. The law forbids discrimination against those who speak other languages They wished to maintain their original language to keep close ties to their background as well as ensure they could join the union if they chose to do so. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:09:30 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164529761 elu41 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164539984 In 1998, the state of California passed Proposition 227 with over 60% of the vote, which restricted many multi-year programs in English education to only one year of learning English. It meant to accelerate the curriculum of Limited English Proficiency students and put more pressure on schools to improve the program, but ended up eliminating bilingual education in some schools altogether. This affected the over 3 million students enrolled in bilingual programs at the time. Hispanic parents were divided on this issue, whether it would accelerate their assimilation, or eliminate much-needed support, provided through many years of learning. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:11:12 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164539984 pmeadowsmuriel1 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164540941 When Elián Gonzalez was 5, he, his mother, and her boyfriend tried to emigrate to the US and settle down in Miami, Florida. His mother and her boyfriend seemed to have drowned with a group of 14 refugees after a terrible storm. Elián survived and was found in an inner tube very close to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The coast guard scooped him up after two fishermen found him. While he was in Miami he was released to his great-uncle Lázaro Gonzalez. Eliáns father was not happy with this and actually talked with Fidel Castro about getting his son back. There were a lot of custody battles over Eliån between Fidel and the US government and eventually Elián became a symbol. This custody tug of war was so difficult that it actually became an international issue and the Spanish foreign minister even asked for Eliáns return to Cuba, and credited it to the international law. For Cubans, immigration is different than with other spanish speaking countries because of the wet feet, dry feet policy which basically allows Cubans a fast track to becoming a US citizen that is not afforded to other groups of people. After a long battle and political ramifications, Elián was sent back to Cuba to live with his father, stepmother and three brothers. One political ramification that can be attributed to this was Al Gores loss in the 2000 presidential election, many Republicans did not like the way that he handled this situation thus he lost a lot of their support. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164540941 bmullen11 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164542821 A nationwide day of protest surrounding immigration reform occurs in 39 states. The largest of these were in Washington, Los Angeles, Dallas and Phoenix, with millions attending overall across the country. These protests were largely in response to H.R. 4437, legislation that would make illegal immigrants felons and increase penalties for illegal immigration.]]> 2021-02-04 16:11:41 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164542821 gpham21 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164543846 SB 1070 (Arizona Senate Bill 1070) is an Arizona Immigration Law that allows Arizona police officers to demand for “papers” of individuals who they suspect are undocumented. It also allows officers to arrest the undocumented individual without a warrant and charge them with state crime. This policy largely impacts immigrants that take work without having documents, making them more vulnerable to SB 1070. Because of this, many immigrant parents in Arizona are taken away from their children similar to the events occurring at the border.  In addition, this legislation makes it much easier to detain undocumented immigrants and reinforces a culture of anti-immigration. Some people may believe that laws like SB 1070 are needed to ensure their safety, contributing to the negative impressions and stereotypes about immigrants.

]]> 2021-02-04 16:11:50 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164543846 druelo2 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164549047 The Arizona v United States court case ruled against the enactment of SB1070, a legislative act passed two years prior which permitted police officers the right to search undocumented immigrants. Four provisions within the Arizona act were considered unconstitutional and did not line up with the federal government's immigration policies. While the first, second, and fourth provisions were preempted by the government as they undermined federal law, police were still allowed to verify the legal status of immigrants. Although this court case struck down the question of local state authority holding their own policies regarding immigration, its ultimate decision still allowed police officers to search immigrants for ID and verification which makes racial profiling still as prevalent as ever. Police officers still looked at race or ethnicity as one of the main factors of "reasonable suspicion" in order to search the immigrants. ]]> 2021-02-04 16:12:43 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164549047 dnguyen771 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164559664 The Minutemen Project was an organization that sought to monitor the illegal immigration activity at the United States-Mexico border. They believed that the government failed to fight against "foreign invasion" and wanted stricter border control along with additional immigration law enforcement. In 2005, they had over 1,200 volunteers to carry out a border watch where they counted and scared migrants approaching the border. In 2006, they also helped influence the cancellation of a program sponsored by the Humane Borders and the Mexican government to supply 70,000 maps to migrants to help their entry into the United States.]]> 2021-02-04 16:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164559664 grosenkranz1 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164571165 In 2011, the Georgia General Assembly passed Bill 87 and governor Nathan Deal signed it into law. This anti-illegal immigration legislation includes mandates such as that Georgia businesses with more than 10 employees use E-Verify, a website created by the US Department of Homeland Security, to check the eligibility of prospective workers. It also sets a maximum punishment of up to 15 years in prison and a $250,000 fine for undocumented workers found guilty of using fake identification. The Bill is very harsh and inconsiderate of undocumented immigrants and their contributions to the economy, furthering the many hardships they face in immigrating and living within the United States]]> 2021-02-04 16:16:22 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164571165 oparastatidis https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164572228 On May 26th, 2009, Sonia Sotomayer is appointed as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court under the Obama administration, becoming the first every Latinx member of the Supreme Court. She has been recognized particularly for her work in landmark cases such as King v. Burwell which questioned whether the Affordable Care Act should continue or not. She would be one of the six to uphold this critical component. Another landmark case she worked on was Obergefell v. Hodges, which was responsible for legalizing gay marriage in all 50 states.  ]]> 2021-02-04 16:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164572228 rroncka https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164577241 The DREAM Act, standing for Development, Relief, and Education of Alien Minors would protect those living in the US for five years since before they turned 16. It would provide these children a pathway to citizenship if they attended college or joined the military. The vote largely fell along party lines, however a handful of democrats voted against it. It had been created 10 years before and had been blocked in the past by filibusters. They were most likely concerned about the upcoming 2012 elections, but their votes could have given this bill the majority's support. The bill was just reintroduced this week, but, counting Vice President Harris, the senate makeup is the same, but it is a bipartisan bill being reintroduced by Lindsey Graham and 🤬 Durbin.

]]> 2021-02-04 16:17:23 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164577241 rmook https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164645856 ICE is formed as a new branch in the U.S. government. ICE was created as a response to keeping out people who may endanger the country (this is after 9/11) ]]> 2021-02-04 16:28:08 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164645856 akrom https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164667820 California's proposition 187 blocked undocumented immigrants from accessing non-emergency public healthcare, elementary, middle and high school education, and public colleges and universities. It additionally required the state to report any undocumented immigrants to immigration authorities. Due to legal concerns, California did not implement the proposition into law, and in 1997 it was ruled unconstitutional. The proposition was also called "Save Our Cities" as many protesters blamed illegal immigration for high rates of unemployment. Thousands of protesters walked the street during the vote, calling the proposition anti-immigrant. Though it never came into law, the proposition and the vote showed the political divide within California.]]> 2021-02-04 16:31:38 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1164667820 zzhen https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1165496930 DACA started out under the Obama administration in 2012; it allowed individuals brought to the U.S. as children to be given temporary legal status if they currently attend or graduated from a U.S. high school and if they passed a background check. However, Trump sought to abolish the program in 2017, but it was blocked by lower courts, and in 2020, the Supreme Court has as well. Chief Justice Roberts wrote in his report that it wasn't about the policies in the program, but rather, the unaddressed issues in the 🤬. The problem was also that the Trump administration did not take responsibility for abolishing DACA and instead pushed the blame on the Obama administration for passing an "illegal and unconstitutional" program. Roughly 650,000 people were enrolled, with the vast majority from Mexico and Central America, and another 700,000 were eligible. Though the program was able to live on, no new applications were actually accepted under Trump, and it wasn't until the end of 2020 that applications were taken in again. This program is extremely important as it protects immigrants from being deported. In 2021, Biden issues a memorandum to "preserve and fortify DACA," giving a clear contrast between the current immigration reforms and Trump's anti-immigration and pro-deportation rhetoric against those south of the border and signaling a new hope for the Latinx community.]]> 2021-02-04 18:50:12 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/vcv9xxvkizxnovue/wish/1165496930