Technology in Dentistry by

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-26 19:03:26 UTC

This article gives a brief overview of the purpose of hand held x-ray devices and describe the devices to be a resemblance of a photographic camera and indications for usage include nursing homes, special needs patients, or specific cases where a patient cannot use a conventional system. Details about radiation and exposure parameters are also included. The authors touch on advantages such as reducing number of retakes, ability to carry anywhere, and taking radiographs twice as fast as conventional systems. Disadvantages were also mentioned such as the operator cannot be fully in the protection zone if not angled properly, lead apron should be worn, and an experienced operator is needed for success.

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-26 19:23:01 UTC

This article goes into depth about the dangers of radiation and exposure when precautions are not taken during use of the hand held devices. The authors emphasize protective measures that should be taken when using these devices such as using the backscatter shield, operating with arms fully extended, and utilizing a rectangular collimators. This article supports the use of these devices as long as radio protection measures are met especially for the operator handling them.

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-27 13:54:19 UTC

This final article dives deep into the radiation that operators are exposed to when using hand held x-ray devices. They provide visuals and statistics from the experiments and made conclusions from the data that they gathered. According to their findings, the reproductive system is the most affected while the thyroid is the least. The authors stated that the operator will sustain additional exposure and radiation, but protective measures such as using the lead apron and monitoring should be implemented when using these devices.

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-27 15:54:12 UTC

How to Operate NOMAD Device

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-27 15:57:06 UTC

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-27 18:18:23 UTC

This website outlines features and benefits and has the price listed.

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-10-30 21:49:17 UTC

This article provides a narrative review on current intraoral scanners and compares them to conventional impressions, lists advantages and disadvantages, and their accuracy. The authors concluded that the most vital part of an intraoral scanner are the cameras inside. These scanners can depict an accurate scan for short-term restorations, but can be more inaccurate than conventional impressions when partials or full-arch prostheses are needed.

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-01 20:00:57 UTC

According to the article Progress in digital dentistry: The practical use of intraoral scanners, “An optical-impression by an IOS involves optically measuring the surface shape of the target teeth or gum directly in the patient’s mouth. It provides 3D model data, e.g., the surface formation of the abutment tooth, gum shape, opposing tooth, or dental occlusion status.” (SUESE, 2020, pg. 1) The writing describes the practical uses of intraoral scanners (IOS) and outlines the advantages, types of IOS, limitations, and its accuracy. Some benefits that were listed include reduction in risk of infection, virtual follow-ups, reducing pain and discomfort for the patient, and no temporary restorations. Some limitations that were stated include oral fluid causing measuring errors and training requirements for precise measurements. (SUESE, 2020) There are also some visual aids provided to show their detection of caries and components of the system.

Cost and Comparison

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-01 20:09:35 UTC

This website compares and provides brief descriptons for each scanner and lists different prices that they are sold for.

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-01 20:27:29 UTC

This scientific research report conducted a transnational survey whose respondents consisted of dentists, dental assistants, hygienists, office staff members, and more. The survey focused on specific IOS brands that were used by the audience and their satisfactions with the scanners. This article overviews the data that was collected and concluded that over half of the respondents stated a daily use of their intraoral scanner, maintenance costs varied from $100 to $1000 per year, and that the brands, Medit and Dentsply Sirona, were most commonly used.

Video on Full-Arch Scanning

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-01 20:30:48 UTC

This video goes over full-arch scanning demonstration and the fundamentals of using an intraoral scanner.

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-06 16:26:25 UTC

Most diseases concerning oral health involve microorganisms that can sit and grow into a bigger problem. According to the article Microbiological diagnostics in oral diseases, “Microbiological tests can therefore be used in general dental practice to increase accuracy and quality in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases.” (Dahlén, 2006, pg. 2) This article provides information based on the use of microbiological testing for diagnosis, deciding treatment, and various ways for patient motivation to remove or prevent those microorganisms. Oral mucosal lesions and infections can consist of microorganisms such as Candida, Staph aureus, Pseudomonas, Streptococci, and more (Dahlén, 2006). These microbial tests can pick up on these organisms and provide great feedback for the clinician in the best treatment or plan for the patient. They can be best utilized for patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis.

Advantages and Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-06 16:27:02 UTC

Advantages listed in Article #2:

Decrease in patient discomfort
Reduction in working times
Simplified procedure for the operator
Better communication and patient engagement
Time efficiency
No plaster casts

(Mangano et al, 2017, pg. 3-4)

Disadvantages listed in Article #2:

Purchasing and managing costs
Older clinicians with less experience with new technology
Frequent problems with not being able to detect deep marginal lines compared to regular impressions where they can register non-visible areas
Can not be used for fixed prosthetic restorations or long-span restorations

(Mangano et al, 2017, pg. 8)

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:51:31 UTC

This article was a study on pregnant women and which oral microbiota contributed to dental disease and which ones did not. During this experiment, it was concluded that microorganism such as S. aureus, Enterobacter, and Staphlyococcus spp. had the strongest involvement in dental disorders among pregnant women. They were also able to determine which microbiota appeared in women with disease and which did not along with commonalities that appeared in both. This study shows how oral microbial testing can be beneficial to providing information to those that need it specifically pregnant women to prevent oral health challenges affecting their baby.

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:51:37 UTC

According to the study, Clinical usefulness of microbiological diagnostic tools in the management of periodontal disease, “The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of different techniques (table 1) used for microbial identification in at-risk periodontitis patients and to assess the potential benefits of such techniques for periodontal therapy” (G. Suchett-Kaye et al., 2001, pg. 2). Periodontal disease is a relevant part of oral health care and this article details how various microbiological tests can be used to help identify and aid periodontal diseases. This can be an alternative option for patients that do not respond well to regular clinical strategies.

Advantages & Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:51:49 UTC

This chart lists advantages and disadvantages of different bacterial detection methods.

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:51:54 UTC

This dental office website summarizes why an oral test can be beneficial and why it should be done. They also include that costs can vary anywhere from $55 to $160 if patients do not have insurance.

Oral Microbiome Testing Kit

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:53:07 UTC

This photo is an example of an oral microbial test.

Article #1 - Advantages & Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:53:14 UTC

This article defines artificial intelligence by, “the idea of machines being capable of performing human tasks” (Schwendicke et al., 2020). This article mainly discusses advantages and disadvantages to AI.

Some advantages they detail include:

Increasing efficiency by eliminating routine tasks
Organizing and integrating data with each other such as medical history, clinical, and demographic information
Voice or speech recognition to reduce time for record keeping
More patient participation with self-monitoring gadgets
Lower diagnostic and treatment costs

Some disadvantages mentioned include:

Loss of imagery, which plays a vital part in screening and treatment planning
Medical and dental data inaccessible due to data protection concerns
Outcomes of AI in dentistry are not readily applicable - only partially informs decision making process of clinical care
Limitations in the future

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:53:20 UTC

This systematic review gathered data from articles such as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and more to analyze them and provide quantitative data. Charts and tables were included throughout the article to summarize the details of their findings on the application of AI for caries diagnosing, tooth detection and numbering, assessing root morphology, and many more (Khanagar et al., 2020, pg. 5). They concluded that AI technology based on an automated system was implemented in various dentistry specialties. Some studies have also shown that AI was able to match or out-perform dental specialists when it came to accuracy and overall performance.

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:56:58 UTC

This article overviews the current impact that AI has in dentistry and how it could impact the future as well. The authors provide visual aids that help show how AI can assist with caries detection and treatment planning using x-rays to interpret and aid the clinician in making decisions. For the future of AI in dentistry, they conclude that dental clinics will most likely establish a comprehensive care system that implements AI in all aspects of the appointment such as evaluation of patient data and assist the clinician by providing feedback and predicting a prognosis (Chen et al., 2020, pg. 8).

Now & Future Implications

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:57:14 UTC

This chart outlines the benefits that AI could have on dentistry currently versus how it could impact its future.

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:57:20 UTC

This website discusses prices of AI software pricing and factors. Depending on the type of AI technology that is used, cost can range from $6,000 to over $300,000.

How AI is Reshaping Dentistry Video

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-11 23:57:27 UTC

In this video, Dr. Rayan Skafi discusses artificial intelligence being integrated in the dentistry and how it works.

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-12 16:26:50 UTC

This study analyzes the effects that orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) has on temporomandibular disorders (TMD). They measured reduction or remission with TMJ, mandibular range of motion, frequency and severity of signs and symptoms. Tables were included to represent their findings and they concluded that OMT does have positive effects when it comes to treating patients with TMD. There was a significant reduction in pain sensitivity, increased range of motion for the mandible, and reduced frequency and severity of symptoms (Felício et al., 2010, pg. 11).

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-12 16:26:57 UTC

This study consisted of randomised trials to find if prefabricated myofunctional appliances (PMAs) is effective in treating malocclusion in children compared to untreated patients and conventional treatment. A total of 232 patients were used and it was found that these appliances were effective when compared to no treatment, but not as effective compared to functional appliances due to less ability in modifying skeletal growth (Papageorgiou et al., 2019, pg. 12-13). PMAs do have lower treatment costs and beneficial characteristics to reducing malocclusion issues such as overjet, overbite, and crowding (Papageorgiou et al., 2019, pg. 1).

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-12 16:27:54 UTC

This Myofunctional Research Company created the Myobrace system that is a preventative treatment to help children’s crooked teeth and their growth and development. Rather than the traditional orthodontic braces method, they formed a series of removal intraoral appliances that can be worn for a couple hours everyday and overnight. It can correct problems by straightening teeth, aligns the jaw, correct poor oral habits, and helps them swallow correctly. This website details other functions of the Myobrace, how it works, and the different stages that children ages 3-15 go through during this treatment.

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-12 16:28:02 UTC

According to this office that offers myofunctional therapy, the cost can depend on a patient’s needs and findings based on the comprehensive exam. They stated that an average cost for a full treatment program can range from $1800-$2500 and some insurances may be able to provide reimbursement.

Intro to Myofunctional Therapy

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-12 16:28:15 UTC

This is a video that gives a brief overview about Myofunctional orthodontics and details case studies of how it works.

Advantages & Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-17 22:10:33 UTC

This article reviews the Myobrace system and goes into depth about the various appliances available for myofunctional therapy.

Advantages to using these appliances include:

Correcting habits such as mouth breathing
Correcting atypical swallowing And incorrect tongue positioning
Helps alignment and leveling of teeth
Use of brackets are not necessary
Correction of dental arch shape

Disadvantages that apply to this treatment include:

Relapse
Less comfort for the patient
The longer the permanent dentition is maintained, the less effective the therapy
Cooperation of the patient
Most effective is primary dentition from age 3

Cost - VELscope

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-19 16:02:57 UTC

This website is VELscope, which is one of the brands that produce oral cancer screening devices and they go into depth about the cost of everything. The VELscope can cost around $1,695-$1,995 and ends up being around $1.96 per patient.

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-19 16:03:02 UTC

This systematic review overviews the efficiency of devices that are created to implement tissue fluorescence and chemiluminescence for earlier detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Results showed that chemiluminescence increased brightness in mucosal white lesions, but may fail to spot red patches. They concluded that the two oral cancer screening devices were suitable for clinicians that were properly trained to use them as a non-invasive test, but further trials should be done to gather information on optical imaging as a tool for early diagnosis of these malignant disorders (Nagi et al., 2015, pg. 1-2)

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-19 16:03:10 UTC

This article reviewed studies on light-based detection systems and evaluated nanotechnology implemented through these systems to help detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and malignant disorders. They reviewed and compared data using tables and descriptions that had brands such as Identafi, ViziLite, VELscope and gathered their data recorded on malignant disorders or lesions that were detected. It was concluded that nanotechnology alongside light detection systems has been found to have an ability to target cancer cells and be the next step in the future to help clinicians monitor oral lesions (Mascitti et al., 2018, pg. 6). Although this new technology is evolving, conventional oral examination along with tissue biopsies has still been a gold standard in diagnosing oral cancer or malignant disorders (Mascitti et al., 2018, pg. 1).

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-19 16:03:17 UTC

This article details a device that implements autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and white light imaging (WLI) on a smartphone using an Android application to synchronize LED illumination and image capture to detect early lesions and potentially reduce mortality rates and health care cost by doing so. The data is then uploaded to a server for a specialist to review through the app and update the patient on results. This was originally designed for populations with high risk of oral cancer in remote areas (Uthoff et al., 2018, pg. 1). Throughout the article are visuals of what the smart-phone based device looks like and go into depth about how it works along with screenshots of what the Android application and results looks like. This technology is described to help oral cancer detection in under-resourced communities leading to earlier diagnosis and decrease disease progression along with death rates (Uthoff et al., 2018, pg. 16).

Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-19 16:03:41 UTC

This website details the disadvantages that come with using Velscope, which is a device that uses blue light to enhance any oral mucosa abnormalities by autofluorescence. The main disadvantage that was listed is that this device has a very high rate of false positives that range from 15 to 81%. It poorly differentiates between dysplastic and benign lesions. These incorrect interpretations can lead to major problems such as patient harm with unnecessary referrals and biopsies.

Demonstration

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-19 23:28:10 UTC

This is a video by Hygiene Edge that shows a quick demonstration on how the oral cancer screening device by Oral ID works and how they can be utilized to screen patients.

Advantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-20 01:20:28 UTC

This article has a comprehensive overview of the advantages and disadvantages that can come with using salivary biomarkers as an oral cancer screening tool for early detection (Goldoni et al., 2021, pg. 1).

Advantages that they list include:

Non-invasive
Stress free
Simplicity
Easily repeatable
No complex training required to special storage needed

(Goldoni et al., 2021, pg. 5)

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 00:20:44 UTC

This article was a systematic review on oral irrigation as an adjunct to toothbrushing and its effects on periodontal inflammation. The authors gathered data found from several articles and compared their findings on brushing alone without the use of oral irrigation. In the article, the authors state, “The adjunctive aid of the oral irrigator (OI) is designed to remove plaque and soft debris through the mechanical action of a jet stream of water… can also be used with antimicrobial agents” (Husseini et al., 2001, pg. 305). They found that oral irrigators did not have a significant effect on reducing plaque, but there were findings that supported improvement of gingival health compared to brushing alone or not using an oral irrigator.

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 00:20:49 UTC

This article is about a randomized clinical trial that evaluated oral irrigation in addition to regular oral care by patients and its effectiveness on peri-implant mucositis. A total of 60 patients that had peri-implant mucositis were assessed during their regular treatment appointments and the authors presented and discussed their findings. They had two groups using water or a 0.06% CHX as a solution compared to a group that did their oral hygiene care without any use of an oral irrigator (Bunk et al., 2020, pg. 951). The authors concluded that using an oral irrigation device on top of mechanical biofilm removal can reduce the presence of peri-implant mucositis after 12 weeks, however they also stated that mechanical debridement is a gold standard in the treatment of the disease as well (Bunk et al., 2020, pg. 955).

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 00:20:58 UTC

This comprehensive systematic review focused on reviewing oral irrigation devices and gaps of evidence that are needed for further evaluation. The article starts off by an explaining how plaque can induce many different dental diseases, which can lead to problems that can cause a financial burden on patients. They express how these populations struggle with maintaining oral hygiene and how oral irrigators can be an adjunctive aid for at-home care. Tables and figures along with descriptions were used to present data found on the sources they used. Findings were described in different sections throughout the paper and included irrigation with biofilm removal, special needs, endodontics, etc. It was concluded that the oral irrigators can effectively reduce periodontal inflammation, however there was a lack of knowledge on effectiveness of biofilm removal, environmental and economic considerations, and more (Sarkisova et al., 2024, pg. 13).

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 00:21:06 UTC

This article from the New York Times ranked different oral irrigators, also known as water flossers and compared them to each other. Prices of each one were also listed with the budget friendly option being $37 and the top ranked being $90.

Advantages & Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 00:21:17 UTC

This website by Village Dental Medicine overviews what an oral irrigator is, how it can help, and provides information on the benefits and potential harm that is present with using them.

Advantages that were discussed include:

Reaching difficult to reach areas that are not accessible by standard brushing
Massages gums to improve blood circulation and reduces risks of disease
Can be used during times of gum sensitivity such as pregnancy, care for braces, implants, and dentures
Prevention of gingivitis and periodontitis
Ability to choose device that fits individual needs

Disadvantages include:

Current location of irrigator in oral cavity is needed for proper use out of device
Compliance with safety measures
Correct choice of power needs to be implemented
Some contraindications can include chronic bleeding gums, mucosal injury, rosacea, etc.

How to use a Waterpik Water Flosser

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:31:03 UTC

This video provides a demonstration on how to properly use an oral irrigation device.

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:32:21 UTC

This literature review defines teledentistry as, “a combination of telecommunications and dentistry involving the exchange of clinical information and images over remote distances for dental consultation and treatment planning” (Jampani et al., 2011, pg.37). This article outlines a basic understanding of teledentistry and its role in different fields of dentistry along with legal and ethical issues and implications for the future. A way for this concept to work involves a videoconference where dental professionals and patients can communicate with each other. This new technology can improve the delivery of oral healthcare, lower costs, and improve access to dental care. Although there are many benefits to teledentistry, concerns arise with it such as confidentiality of private information and legal issues such as licensures, jurisdiction, and malpractice. Teledentistry is an important technological advancement that can impact access to dental care in rural and urban areas where there’s a lack of dental professionals, so bridging this gap can impact those populations greatly.

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:32:26 UTC

This article overviews the applications of teledentistry in regards to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic most dental procedures, unless in an emergency or surgery, were suspended therefore access to dental care was diminished. Teledentistry was a solution that facilitated remote guidance and education of dental treatment through technology rather than face-to-face connection with patients during this time. This article details subunits of the topic and challenges such as lack of acceptance with the dentist and patients. Despite these challenges, teledentistry can incorporate dental practice to those that may not be able to attend face to face.

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:32:31 UTC

This article overviews how teledentistry can be used for advanced dental education and not just improving access to dental care. Types of studies that were reviewed include self-instruction and interactive videoconferencing. They found that interactive videoconferencing had better results due to immediate feedback rather than self-instruction. The authors also review definitions, history, and use of teledentistry to treat underserved populations at lower costs while providing opportunities for dental students through new teaching methods with this technology.

Advantages & Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:32:46 UTC

This literature review aims to determine the advantages and barriers that teledentistry has in clinical settings using questionnaires and reviewing studies conducted.

Advantages that were listed include:

Delivery of health care remotely leading to an increase in access
High satisfaction rate - viewed as beneficial to most clinicians
Reduced transmission risk during the COVID-19 pandemic
Decreased amount of time patients needed to be in person
Improve communication between patients
Benefiting populations in remote or rural areas
Addressing socioeconomic, geographical, and accessibility issues

(Lee, 2023, pg. 30-31)

Disadvantages that were addressed include:

Initial high cost for setup
Difficulty implementing it in their own practices for dentists
Availability and quality of technology that is required internet such as connection and cameras
Difficulty in the usage of technology for clinicians and patients
Low confidence with diagnosing more complex cases
Inability to conduct tactile examination
Financial reimbursement issues

(Lee, 2023, pg. 32)

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:32:52 UTC

This article outlines various teledentistry services that range from $29 to $299 and whether or not insurance is considered. Each service is also provided with a brief description of what they offer and how they operate.

Applications & Advantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:33:06 UTC

This article provides an in-depth review of the applications and some advantages that using a periodontal endoscope may have along with the limitations that it can come with. They also provided multiple case studies with patients that went through treatment using endoscopic debridement.

Advantages and applications include:

-useful for patients who are beginning initial periodontal therapy and individuals who do not respond to traditional nonsurgical periodontal therapy

-Identifying subgingival pathologies such as caries, open restorations margins, cervical enamel projection, root fractures

-Patients that have a contraindication to surgery or refuse surgery

-Microvisual instrumentation and facilitates visualization subgingivally

-Optimizes subgingival healing

-Enlarges image while delivering light and irrigation

Article #1

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:33:12 UTC

According to this article, “a fiber-optic periodontal endoscope was developed to aid in the visualization of sublingual structures and to improve the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases” (Geisinger et al., 2007). This study was conducted to determine if utilizing a periodontal endoscope had an impact on decreasing residual calculus rather than SRP by itself. They analyzed different subjects who were randomized to receive SRP using the endoscope and without using the endoscope. They found that there was a significant reduction in residual calculus with deeper probing depths, but not that much of a difference with shallower depths.

Article #2

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:33:17 UTC

This article states, “The periodontal endoscope is used by some clinicians to help enhance access to effectively remove subgingival calculus; however, longer-term studies on this subject are still lacking. The purpose of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to compare the clinical outcomes of scaling and root planing (SRP) using a periodontal endoscope versus conventional SRP using loupes for up to 12 months, utilizing a split-mouth design” (Wright et al., 2023). Tables and figures were used to discuss data that was retrieved from this clinical trial that mainly focused on periodontally involved teeth. The authors concluded that the use of a periodontal endoscope was significantly beneficial for teeth that were multirooted rather than single rooted teeth. However, it was also stated that using the periodontal endoscope was better than using the traditional explorer alone to detect calculus.

Article #3

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:33:21 UTC

This article states, “Endoscopic-assisted subgingival debridement (EASD) may enhance the outcomes of repeated instrumentation and provide a minimally invasive non-surgical alternative” (Ho et al., 2024). The main topic of this article is to present the findings from the randomised trial that was conducted to figure out if using an endoscope to assist when debriding was more efficient than papilla-preservation flap surgery (PPFS). They found that EASD had a significantly shorter treatment time than flap surgery and found it to be a minimally invasive alternative compared to surgery for periodontally involved patients.

Cost

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-24 03:33:33 UTC

This article by RDH mag provides useful information about how periodontal endoscopes are impacting dentistry. It was also mentioned the amount to expect when wanting to purchase one. Lynne Slim states “New customers have been buying equipment at the $2,500 to $3,000 price point. Disposable Perioscopy sheaths are just under $50 each and are not reusable. The sheath protects the fiber and also conveys water to the end of the fiberoptic camera. Perioscopy fibers are over $1,400 and tend to last from 50 to 70 uses. Perioscopy explorers are $85 each, and with appropriate technique and instrumentation need replacement infrequently” (2011).

What is a teledentistry appointment?

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-26 17:13:15 UTC

This video discusses what a teledentistry appointment can look like.

Limitations & Disadvantages

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-28 06:13:52 UTC

Limitations and disadvantages are:

-Learning phase required to become comfortable with technology, about 10 to 30 cases

-Anatomical considerations

-Instrument access

-Difficulty in visualization when pockets are less than 4mm

-Excessive bleeding and soft tissue tags with heavy inflammation may obstruct the view

Periodontal Endoscope Used

crisstillduaso — 2024-11-28 06:16:16 UTC

This quick video shows what can be seen when using endoscopic instrumentation.