https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb en-us 2018-10-29 01:02:04 UTC 2026-01-13 19:59:59 UTC hello@padlet.com jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297839307
This essays discusses how exactly WWII affected the Seattle area and Washington State as a whole. The war transformed the industries present in the area, like Boeing, and also attracted more people to move their because of the economic. In addition to providing the historical context of Seattle for the setting of this novel, it also touches on the treatment of Japanese Americans at this timing, stating that these people had a "special burden" in being forced to move out and into internment camps.

Warren, James R. "World War II Homefront on Puget Sound." Historylink, 13 Sep. 1999. http://www.historylink.org/File/1664. Accessed 27 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 01:07:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297839307 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297840548
This essay talks about how after internment, the Japanese Americans that resettled back in Seattle were met with great opposition. Though there was still rampant racism before the war, the internment gave rise to Anti-Japanese groups that tried to prevent the resettlement. This gave rise to an opposing force that supported the returning Japanese-Americans. These two forces then battled it out with editorials in local newspapers. This connects to our reading because it further highlights the general hatred for the Japanese, whether they served or not, in the post-war Pacific Northwest.

Speidel, Jennifer. "After Internment: Seattle's Debate Over Japanese Americans' Right to Return Home." The Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, University of Washington, 2005. http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/after_internment.htm, Accessed 27 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 01:15:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297840548 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297842212
This article discusses the current reflection on the internment of Japanese Americans from Seattle during WWII. It discusses how drastic the relocation was for most people and that it made these residents and citizens feel as if they were enemies. Today, there are many people memorializing this atrocity through poetry, documentaries,  and memorials at Bainbridge Island. The purpose of these pieces to remember this event is not to seek apology, but to make sure that people learn from this history and "make sure nothing like it happens again". Like the novel, these works are not there to simply condemn Executive Order 9066 but show its profound impact of these people's lives during and after the war.

Kinoshita, Lisa. "Seattle Remembers Japanese Internment." Seattle Magazine, Feb. 2012. https://www.seattlemag.com/article/seattle-remembers-japanese-internment, Accessed 27 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 01:24:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297842212 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297844479 2018-10-29 01:37:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297844479 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297844845
This is a copy of the executive order that FDR issued to enforce Japanese internment. Though this novel takes place after the fact of this order, it is important to see and understand as it is the act that caused the internment and forced the Japanese people into a lesser status of citizenship.

"Executive Order 9066: The President Authorizes Japanese Relocation." History Matters, George Mason University. 19 Feb. 1942. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5154, Accessed 27 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 01:39:43 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297844845 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297846041
This article talks about the stories of those who experienced the war and the relocation as Japanese Americans. This article primarily focuses on Spokane and the Inland Northwest, but also discusses the other areas of the West Cost that had more cases of relocation. Many of the people that originally from Seattle or California chose to come to Spokane rather than their former home because it wasn't home anymore. This reflects the sentiment in the novel that though these characters have all returned to their homes in Seattle, it is changed in a ways that makes some characters want to leave to other places to start anew.

"75 Years Ago, the United States Forced Japanese into Internment Camps. After World War II, Many Settled in Spokane. These are their Stories." The Spokesman Review, 19 June 2017. http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/jun/11/75-years-ago-the-united-states-forced-japanese-int/, Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 01:46:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297846041 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297858541
This piece by NPR discusses the exhibit formerly in the Smithsonian called The Art of Gaman. It is an exhibit composed of art pieces created by Japanese Americans while they were in internment camps or after the fact. Some of the art are artifacts from those camps, like the painting below, and some pieces that were created after people had returned, like the one made of bird pins. No matter the time in which these pieces were made, they were created out of a need to cope with the harsh reality of being put into camps. It was not only the conditions of these camps that made it hard to cope, but also the identity crisis internment caused. Many people were confused as to why they were labelled as enemy, yet forced to fight. This is the same conflict in the novel for many of the young men. They have been interned, yet are forced to decide if they will join the army, putting themselves at odds within.

Stamberg, Susan. "The Creative Art of Coping in Japanese Internment." NPR, 12 May 2010. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126557553, Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 03:01:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297858541 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297860589
This piece talks about an art exhibit in The Japanese American National Museum in L.A. called "Instructions to All-Persons: reflections on Executive Order 9066." In their exhibit, one artist created a painting of the famous war hero Sen. Daniel Inouye with a background of pages from a Bible. It is meant to reflect "what it meant to be Japanese American," though that meaning is complicated for most. It also features the original document of Executive Order 9066. This exhibit not only reflects the turmoil from 75 years ago, but is also meant to address the current treatment of minorities, like Muslims, that are villainized because of war abroad. This contributes to our discussion of No-No Boy because it also tackles with idea of a Japanese American identity. Different from No-No Boy, this exhibit clearly praises those that served regardless, where No-No Boy complicates the importance of being a veteran in characters that are trying to be more American than Japanese.

Young, Robin. "75 Years Later, Art Exhibit Considers Lessons from Japanese-American Internment." Here and Now,  10 March 2017. http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/03/10/art-exhibit-japanese-american-internment, Accessed 28 Oct. 2018.]]> 2018-10-29 03:13:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297860589 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297862351 Soldier, Mike Saijo, 1993. Wax, shellac, acrylic, toner on pages of the New Testament Bible on wood panel

Mori, Darryl. "Mike Saijo: Remaking the Rules Through Art." Discover Nikkei, Japanese American National Museum, 2017. http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2017/3/23/mike-saijo/, Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 03:25:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297862351 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297862946
Sen. Daniel Inouye is a Japanese American world hero that was awarded the Medal of Honor for his efforts in WWII. He also is one of the longest serving senators in US History. Inouye is from Hawaii and enlisted in the army following  Pearl Harbor and the lifted ban of Japanese Americans from enlisting. Inouye was never interned, but he served in the segregated 442nd unit among Japanese Americans that had been interned and thereby forced to serve. Inouye's heroism and lauded career serves as a foil to Ichiro in No-No Boy, as Inouye is exactly what he wishes to be, or what he wishes that he had done when faced with the questionaire.

"Daniel Inouye: A Japanese American Soldier's Valor in WWII." National Park Service, 9 Nov. 2017. https://www.nps.gov/articles/inouyeww2.htm, Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 03:29:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297862946 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297863997
Only What We Could Carry is an anthology of experiences of the Japanese American internees. It came about as a project by the California Civil Liberties Public Education Program. It is edited by Lawson Fusao Inada, Patricia Wakida, and William Hohri. This anthology gives further insight into the confused identity of Japanese Americans during internment.

"Only What We Could Carry: The Japanese American Internment Experience." Heyday into California. https://heydaybooks.com/book/only-what-we-could-carry-the-j/. Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 03:37:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297863997 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297865718
In honor of the 25th anniversary of Reagan's Civil Liberties Act. In honor of this apology, the act was put on display next to Executive Order 9066 in the National Archives. This piece also interviews John Tateishi, one of the leaders of the Japanese American Citizens League, and his successful quest for redress. This act from 1988 and the remembrance of it serves to show how criminal and unconstitutional the internment was. In No-No Boy, though it takes place after internment, there is no official apology for internment. However, there are several white characters that recognize how terrible it is and try to apologize on the majority's behalf. The redress continues the conversation of if an apology is good enough to make up for what happened.

Qureshi, Bilal. "From Wrong to Right: A U.S. Apology for Japanese Internment." NPR, 9 Aug. 2013. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/08/09/210138278/japanese-internment-redress. Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. ]]> 2018-10-29 03:47:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297865718 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297868024
This piece explores the divide of Japanese Americans following WWII with dissenters, or better known as "no-no boys." The piece follows the retellings of the treatment of no-no boys, a label given to the author's grandfather. Resentment reached great highs to the point where service men refused to walk on the same side of the street as dissenters. No-no boys were not only social outcasts, but were fully discriminated. Families would be discriminated against if someone was arrested as a dissenter. This provides greater insight into Ichiro's feelings as an outcast in the novel. While we get scenes of him being called out and even spit on, this further shows how pervasive this discrimination was.

Kurata, Elizabeth. "The No-No Boys and Me." The Daily Californian, 25 Sep. 2015. http://www.dailycal.org/2015/09/25/the-no-no-boys-and-me/. Accessed 28 Oct. 2018. 

]]> 2018-10-29 04:01:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297868024 jviteznik https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297869170 In this curation, I wanted to talk about the context of WWII internment and what happened right after. I also wanted to talk about how internment is viewed today by not only Japanese Americans, but by Americans and America in general. I used journalistic pieces and historical essays to talk about the past and present. I also used art and literature created during internment or in reflection of it to supplement the history. I included more information about the issue of internment and dissenters. I narrowed the issue to the Seattle area to talk about the specific setting in the novel. I also included the piece about Inouye to show what the figure Ichiro wanted to be like. Inouye is not just a Japanese American war-hero, he is just simply a war hero. I also made sure to include the order that called for internment to further contextualize the discrimination Japanese Americans were facing. 
I looked at how internment is viewed today. Following Reagan's Civil Liberties Act in 1988, it is easy to condemn the internment. But the wounds still run very deep. There are still clear memories of what those camps were like and what their legacies are today. I looked both at the impact in Seattle, the setting of the novel, but also the legacy in Spokane. It shows that the internment itself was not the issue, but also what happened after. 
The inclusion of art and literature made at or after the fact was added to show the emotional wounds still present today. Though most of the pieces I found were made in the camps, their emotional need to cope still resounds today with people trying to deal with the aftermath of these tragedies. 
Japanese American internment is an easy thing to condemn today, but is harder to understand the deep trauma it caused for people. American citizens were having their loyalty and their identity questioned for the first time and in a way that was entirely raced based. Though most people today were not alive during this time. its legacy has lived on. Understanding the emotional turmoil it has caused, as seen in No-No Boy, is key on learning from this mistake. 
With issues of Muslims being stereotyped as terrorists and discriminated against, especially in the wake of 9/11, we must be aware to not make this mistake again.]]> 2018-10-29 04:08:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jviteznik/vax33yvwg8hb/wish/297869170