The role of computer science in every engineering discipline is growing steadily. The effective use of computer science is regarded as the key to increased productivity in industry. Based on a survey, three specific areas were identified that civil engineering students need to be exposed to. By all measures, CAD applications have become an indispensable and irreplaceable ingredient of all aspects of civil engineering practice.With CAD tools, civil engineers can be more responsive to their clients’ needs by exploring more alternatives, by using more comprehensive analytical models, and by reducingthe time and cost of detailed calculations.

Well, computer is applicable in all fields, but as far as mechanical engineering is concerned computer can be use in designing, testing, simulating and automating many task in mechanical engineering. For example take an example of Automobile industry, each and every part of a vehicle is first desinged on a computer using different software like AutoCad, then after designing the system is then simulates on different simulation softwares.

Mainly the applications of computers in this field are:

• Automation
• Software talks
• Animation
• Designing

  This is just one example, but in reality computer has deeply penetrated in the field of mechanical engineering, from designing of a screw to the simulation of complex machines!

-Trupti Shet

The article focuses on the relevance of computing in the civil engineering discipline. The use of the computers in the civil engineering field allows designs and information to be processed and changed quicker than ever before thereby improving productivity on a large scale.

2. Whom does the article concern?

The article concerns students and researchers engaged in the field of civil engineering. Based on a survey it was found that introduction of computer courses in the curriculum of civil engineering was essential to improve efficiency in finding solutions to real world problems.

3. In what ways does computing help in the field of civil engineering?

Software such as AutoCAD which help in 2D and 3D computer aided design and drafting provide easy means of visualization of structures. This improves problem solving abilities of students thereby improving knowledge of students.

Computers play a key role in drug design; they possess the ability to both model and design drugs in an efficient manner. Computer aided drug design(CADD) can be carried out using a diversified spectrum of software, some of which are specific to a particular component of the drug design. Using this software, computational techniques have been developed to identify, design, model and depict, and refine and enhance new drugs. This design can be carried out on even a molecular basis. The use of CADD is relevant to research and development regarding certain diseases (such as cancer), the carrying of a drug to the required area in the body, and the repository of bio-molecules. It becomes evident that using computer aided modelling is a crucial step in optimizing drug development.

Document

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of a wide range of Product Lifecycle Management computer-based software tools that assist engineers, in the manufacture of product components. 3D models of components generated in CAD software are used to generate CNC code to drive numerical controlled machine tools. This involves the engineer in selecting what type of tool, machining process and paths that are to be used.

What is the aim of CADD?

The aim is to predict if a particular molecule will be able to bond to its target molecule. If it is possible, then the next objective is to measure the strength of this bond.

What factors affect this prediction?

The ability of the molecule to bind to the target molecule may be affected by molecular mechanics, ab initio quantum chemistry, density functional theory, and several other factors.

What are the stages of CADD?

1. Target(hit) identification

2. Hit-to-lead optimization of affinity and selectivity

3. Lead optimization

4. Clinical Trials

What software is used for the modelling?

There are many software programs applicable for CADD. Below is a limited list of some of the different programs and their applications:

Program(s) - - Application

PKUDDS -- Drug structure design

GaussaDal -- Storage of molecular properties

Rasmol, VMD, Molscript, and Raster 3D -- Visualization or optimization of molecules

ClastalW ClastalX -- Homology Modelling (3D modelling of target molecules)

PS13 -- Energy minimization tool for quantum mechanical calculations

PyMol -- Identify ligand binding pockets of proteins

AutoDock -- Docking (optimizing molecular interactions between ligand and target)

QSAR -- Computes molecular properties known as descriptors

Presentation:

http://www.slideshare.net/BobCAD-CAM/what-is-cadcam?related=1

https://prezi.com/rpvnv4akzamk/computer-aided-design/

Research papers:

http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/35080

http://etd.lib.ncsu.edu/publications/bitstream/1840.2/702/1/67+The+Role+of+Computing+in+Civil+Engineering+Education.pd

Journal:

http://www.journals.elsevier.com/computer-aided-design/

Books:

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H9K3wNHjKhEC&pg=PR11&lpg=PR11&dq=computer+aided+design+in+civil+engineering+book&source=bl&ots=MPrP5o6qQn&sig=ISJNtwk7rXiDODIeXJ0WtciZhVA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCkQ6AEwA2oVChMI_prxle2oyAIVyRmOCh1sfwtf#v=onepage&q=computer%20aided%20design%20in%20civil%20engineering%20book&f=false

Name - Computer Aided Engineering Design

Authors - Anupam Saxena, Birendra Sahay

Publisher- Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India

Year - 2005

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Aw2lhDz3TEEC&pg=PR3&lpg=PR3&dq=computer+aided+design+in+civil+engineering+book&source=bl&ots=x65_WUctpq&sig=9ySX_-f60yI0AyYX8_beeqanTEI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD4Q6AEwCWoVChMI_prxle2oyAIVyRmOCh1sfwtf#v=onepage&q=computer%20aided%20design%20in%20civil%20engineering%20book&f=false

Name - Computer Aided Facilities Planning

Author - H Lee Hales

Publisher- Marcel Dekker Inc, New York

Year - 1984

The data has been gathered by sifting through databases and by entering key words in search engines(such as Google) to obtain websites, articles, journals, publications, and videos related to the topic.

Md. Mofizur Rahman(2012, Sept. ). International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences. ISSN 2305-0330. Volume 1, Issue 2, Serial 5.Retrieved from http://ijlsbd.com/CADD_V01I02SL05.pdf

Joo Chuan Tong(2009, March 2). Recent advances in computer-aided drug design. Oxford Journals. Retrieved from http://bib.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/5/579.full.

Pranita P. Kore. (2012, Dec.). Computer-Aided Drug Design: An Innovative Tool for Modeling. Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. doi: 10.4263.

Gregory Sliwoski(2013). Computational Methods in Drug Discovery. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.007336.

Ahindra Nag(2011). Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Hanumant Suryavanshi(2012, May). Computer Aided Drug Design. Slideshare. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/hanumant888/computer-aided-drug-design-ppt.

Links

http://ijlsbd.com/CADD_V01I02SL05.pdf

http://bib.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/5/579.full

Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2012, 2, 139-148 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmc.2012.24017 Published Online December 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojmc)

http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/66/1/334.full.pdf+html

Powerpoint

http://www.slideshare.net/hanumant888/computer-aided-drug-design-ppt

Book

Title- Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems

Publisher-McGraw-Hill Professional publication

Copyright / Pub. Date- 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

ISBN: 9780071701242

Authors: Ahindra Nag

Video Link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUpOc0HZdOs

Documents/PDFs

https://prezi.com/gkkdndgq2jcc/uses-of-computer-application-in-mechanical-engineering/

http://www.gcu.ac.uk/study/internationalstudents/courses/computer-aided-mechanical-engineering-8454.php

PDF:

http://techeduhry.nic.in/syllabus/PRODUCTION%20ENGG/3rd%20Smester.pdf

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/8251/bad7450.0001.001.pdf;jsessionid=FE8271B806EAE8690FFC3297F621D008?sequence=5

Books:

Metratonic Systems Applications

Computer Aided Manufacturing

And I also watched some random videos on the topi

Target Audience: Engineering students pursing their bachelors degree

I aim to infer the level of knowledge and awareness possessed by the public regarding computer aided drug design.

Questions:

1) Have you ever previously come across the term computer aided design?

a. yes

b. no

2)Do you know what computer aided design is?

a.yes

b.no

3) Have you heard about the use of computer aided design in the designing of new drugs?

a.yes

b.no

4) Do you believe computer aided modelling and design have a good scope in the field of drug design?

a.yes

b.no

c.maybe

d.do not know

5) Do you think computer aided design and modelling have helped make drug design easier and more feasible than before?

a.yes

b.no

d.not sure/do not know

6) Do you think that computer aided drug design may eventually completely replace conventional methods of drug design?

a.yes

b.no

c.maybe

d. do not know

I plan to infer their awareness about integrating computing with civil engineering, and its advantages..

Q1. Have you heard about Computer Aided Design before?

a.  Yes 

b.  No

Q2. Do you think introduction of computing related courses in a discipline like civil engineering is absolutely necessary?

a.  Yes

b.  No

c.  Maybe

Q3. Are you aware of the applications of computer aided design in industry?

a.  Yes

b.  No

Q4. Is it beneficial to use the computer in industrial projects? If yes, list the benefits you can think of.

a.  Yes

b.  No

Q5. As an engineering student, can you think of an innovative way in which the computer can be used to further simplify complex tasks related to the subject?

I mainly plan to check people's knowledge regarding the IT field and Mechanical Engineering.

Questions:

1. Tough mechanical engineering is a core branch, consisting of machines and tools, do you really think that computers play an important role in this field?

A. Yes, obviously

B. Doesn't matter

C. No

2.To what extend do the people in mechanical branch need to have the knowledge of computers?

A. Not much

B. To very large extend

C. Don't really matter

3. Are you aware of the applications of computer aided design in mechanical engineering?

A.  Yes

B.  No

4. What is the impact of computer graphics on mechanical engineering?

2. CAA : Computer Aided Analysis

3. CAD : Computer Aided Design

4. Electronic cooling : Includes airflow

5. Opto-Mechanical : Includes wavefronts analysis

6. Electronic Timer

7. Feather Edge : Keen edge

8. Hot tears : Small cracks on the surface and the body of the metal

9. Pintle : Vertical projecting pin

10. Quicksilver : Another name for Mercury

1) Structural homologues:

Chemical compunds which contain the same structural formula.

2)Ligand affinity:

The tendency of a ligand to bind with its interactor molecule.

3)Redox potential:

The susceptibility of a chemical species to be reduced by the gaining of electrons.

4)Concomitant reduction:

The losing of oxygen.

5)Chirality Coefficient:

The range of values of chirality( inability to be superimposed onto its mirror image).

6)In silico methods:

Methods carried out by usage of computer modelling or simulation.

7)Eutomer:

With respect to molecular dissimilarity, the more active chiral enantiomer.

8)Distomer:

With respect to molecular dissimilarity, the less active chiral enantiomer.

9)Eudismic ratio:

The ratio of eutomers to distomers.

10)Energy perturbation:

The calculation of energy differences caused by molecular dynamics.

2. Truss-

a framework, typically consisting of rafters, posts, and struts, supporting a roof, bridge, or other structure.

3. Contemporaneous- existing or occurring at same period of time.

4.  Finite element method(FEM) - 

a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions to boundary value problems for partial differential equations.

5.  Network topology - the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.

6. Substructuring- 

is based on decomposition of the original structure into several substructures.

7.  Turnkey -

of or involving the provision of a complete product or service that is ready for immediate use.

8.  Decision tables - 

an ideal representational tool, from which application programs can be generated either by manual coding or directly by preprocessors which accept decision tables as

input.

Solid Modelling

This process is used to create solid components of desired shape by joining and cutting different solid volumes. The final solid model is a virtual replica of an actual product but it can be seen and rotated like a real product. There are two main types:

· direct where the model can be edited by undoing or modifying the model directly on the 3D;

· parametric where the model is constructed using parameters (variable quantities such as measurements) and the model can be edited at anypoint in its history.

Surface Modelling

This process is used to create surfaces of desired shape by trimming, stitching and joining different surfaces to create a final shape model.

Assembly

This process is used to assemble the models created in solid or surface modelling to create a final assembly. This is used to see the actual fitment of all models and see the working of assembly.

Drafting Detailing

This process is used to create the 2D drawings of components or assemblies; usually directly from a 3D model, although 2D CAD can create 2D drawings directly.

Reverse Engineering

This process is used to convert the real components into 3D CAD Model. Different types of instruments such as laser scanner, white light scanner, CMM (coordinate measuring machine) etc. are used to measure or decode the shape of real model. The virtual model obtained can then be modified in a CAD program.

1)Homology Modelling(3-D model/representation of the drug or target molecule)

2)Measuring and calculating molecular dynamics

3)Molecular Docking

4)Energy Minimization

5)Storing molecular properties

6) Lead optimization

7)Clinical Trials

Application 1(homology modelling) is feasible as computer aided design consists of many software packages(for example ClastalW) which allow the user to create a 3-D design of nearly any object. This feature of computer aided design can be used to model the 3-D figure of the drug and target molecules in the process of drug design.

2. CAE Software

3. Document Management

4. Hardware

5. Automation

6. Simulation

7. Designing