• The aim is assimilationist

• Language minority students are allowed to use their home language.

• This is brief and temporary until they are ready to move to mainstream education.

• The goal is to increase the use of the majority language and decrease the use of a home language.

• It is considered a weak form because children need to learn the majority language early on or they could risk falling behind.

• Usually only last 1-2 years.

Mainstreaming with World Language Teaching

• Most students receive education in their home language with occasional learning in another language.

• Foreign language lessons are given for 30 minutes per day. This is called 'drip-feeding'.

• Curriculum content is the main focus, not language learning.

• In England and the US, world language study is minimal.

• Mainstream education rarely produces bilinguals due to limited knowledge.

Separatist Education

• Fosters monolingualism in the minority language where another language is more dominant.

• Minority language only education is rare.

• Aims to remove itself from the majority language.

• This is done to protect the minority language.

• This form separates and disconnects people from the the world and their communities.

• Goal was for students to become bilingual and bicultural.

• Immersion education is optional but encouraged.

• Children in immersion education are allowed to use home languages for 1 1/2 years and is still allowed to use it in social settings like the playground or cafeteria.

• Teachers are bilinguals.

• Most students start as monolinguals.

• Students experience the same curriculum as mainstream students.

Maintenance/Heritage Languages

• In school and out of school programs.

• Provides a few hours of language education added onto the curriculum.

• Considered a strong form when the minority language is used to reach the goal of bilingualism.

• Requires proper resources, instructional time, and training.

Two-Way/Duel Language

• Aim for a balance between majority and minority languages.

Mainstream Bilingual

• The goal is bilingualism or multilingualism, biliteracy, and cultural pluralism.

• These schools contain majority language students.

• Some content is taught through the second language.