Point out actions or events that happened in the past time, but are still relevant in the present

Have (in present) have/has + past participle

I've known my best friend for five years.

The guitarist has learnt to play a new song.

AFFIRMATIVE:

I/You/We/They have + regular verb (ed)/irregular verb (past participle)

He/She/It has + regular verb (ed)/irregular verb (past participle)

Example: I have completed all of my assignments for this week.

NEGATIVE:

I/You/We/They haven't + regular verb (ed)/irregular verb (past participle)

He/She/It hasn't + regular verb (ed)/irregular verb (past participle)

Example: I haven't eaten at the restaurant.

USED TO:

Subject + used to + verb in infinitive

Used to is a past habit or state.

Examples: Dwayne Fields used to live in jamaica.

Unfinished actions, that is, those that began in the past and continue at the present moment

We use the present perfect continuous to emphaise the duration or repetition of the action. The focus is on the action or process.

Subject + (to have) + been + verb with ing

The band have been touring for two months.

She has not been talking to me for the last year.

I've been playing the flute for five years.

AFFIRMATIVE:

I/You/We/They have + been + verb with ing

He/She/It has+ been + verb with ing

Examples:

I've been listening to music all the morning.

She Has been listening to music all the morning.

NEGATIVE:

I/You/We/They haven't + been + verb with ing

He/She/It hasn't+ been + verb with ing

Examples:

I haven't been studying for the exam.

He hasn't been studying for the exam.

POSITIVE:

It isn't rap music, is it?

You didn't enjoy the festival, did you?

NEGATIVE:

They've been playing together, haven't they?

RULES OF THE QUESTION TAGS:

1. To form a question tag (except with be), we use an auxilliary verb in the correct tense.

2. When the verb in the main phrase is be, the tag is the correct form of be.

3. The subject goes before the auxilliary verb or be.

   
   

A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.

The prepositions are:

On, to, from, for, at, about, in.

We have prepositions of time, place, motion and location.

ON: Stop talking and concentrate on your work.

TO: Who does this coat belong to?

FROM: A lot of people borrow money from the bank.

FOR: I've waited for Judy for 30 minutes. I'm going home.

AT: I like to listen at the radio when I wake up.

ABOUT: Mothers always worry about their children.

IN: There is some milk in the fridge.

Way of classifying music according to several common features that allow them to be grouped

Examples: classical music, hip hop, jazz.

People:

People that makes music.

Examples: audicience (públic), composer (compositor), DJ, guitarist (guitarrista), lead singer (cantant principal), musician (músic), support band (banda de suport).

Nouns: things that we use to make music.

Examples: drums (bateria), hit (cop) , keyboard (teclat), live album (àlbum en directe) , lyrics (lletra), orchestra (orquestra), performance (actuació), playlist (llista de reproducció) and sound quality (qualitat de so).

Verbs:

Actions that we do when we make music.

Examples: perform, release, sell out, tour.

Noun and verb: Example: record.

The defining clause says things that gives information about the noun.

EXAMPLE:

Are you the one who sent me the e-mail?

The phone which has the most freatures is also the most expensive.

A non defining clause gives us extra information about someone or something.

EXAMPLE:

María, who is a friend, loves her dog so much.

-Everybody

-Everyone

-Everything

SOME:

-Somebody

-Someone

-Something

ANY:

-Anybody

-Anyone

-Anything

NO:

-Nobody

-No one

-Nothing

EXAMPLES:

Anybody can make a difference in the world.

We have to add something to the project.

EXAMPLES:

He smiled to himself.

I hope you enjoy yourself at the party tonight .

Positive adjectives:

-Amazing

-Briliant

-Good

-Greate

-Fantastic

-Sensational

-Exciting

-Entretaining

-OK

-Fun

-Excellent

-Unexpected

-Gripping

Negative adjectives:

-Stupid

-Disappointing

-Bad

-Boring

-Dull

-Ludicrous

-Awfull

-Dreadfull

-Predictable

-Puzzling

Tired- Exhausted

Good- Fantastic

Dirty- Filthy

Pretty- Gorgeous

Ugly- Hideous

Small- Tiny

Surprising- Astounding

Clean- Spotless

Funny- Hilarious

Big- Gigantic

Angry- Furious

unprecedented drop in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment

(PISA) 2022 results. The states have been urged to take actions to tackle it.