Concept Map 05 by Sophie Gregoretti

Concept Map 05 by Sophie Gregoretti https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0 en-us 2023-09-26 20:13:30 UTC 2023-10-15 23:23:16 UTC hello@padlet.com blue = lecture gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721926839 2023-09-26 20:13:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721926839 green = textbook gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721927121 2023-09-26 20:14:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721927121 yellow = article gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721937488 2023-09-26 20:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721937488 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721938398 2023-09-26 20:26:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721938398 key gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721944573 2023-09-26 20:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721944573 anatomy overview gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721944901 2023-09-26 20:33:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721944901 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721946732 2023-09-26 20:35:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721946732 hindbrain: brainstem, pons, medulla, cerebellum gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721947648 2023-09-26 20:36:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721947648 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721953427 2023-09-26 20:42:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721953427 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721954196 2023-09-26 20:43:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721954196 pons gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721963722 - bulging center of brainstem
- mostly fiber tracts
- nuclei involved in breathing control
- contains portion of reticular formation (sleep and arousal)
- large nucleus that relays info from cerebral cortex to cerebellum]]> 2023-09-26 20:53:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721963722 medulla gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721965284 - lowest part of brainstem
- merges into SC
- control center for:
> heart rate control, blood pressure, regulation, breathing, swallowing, vomiting]]> 2023-09-26 20:55:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721965284 cerebellum gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721976726 - cerebellar cortex: covers cerebellum surface
- deep cerebellar nucleus
> nuclei locater in cerebellar hemispheres
> receives projections from cerebellar cortex
> send projections out of cerebellum to other brain parts
-cerebellarr peduncle
> 1 of 3 bundles of axons that attach to each cerebellar hemisphere to dorsal pons]]> 2023-09-26 21:09:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2721976726 damage to cerebellum gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722032053 - damage impairs standing, walking, coordinating movements
- receives visual, auditory, vestibular, and somatosensory info
- receives info abt individual muscle movement being directed by the brain
- integrates and modifies motor outflow --> coordinates movement
- damage -->jerky movements ]]> 2023-09-26 22:30:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722032053 midbrain: cerebral peduncles, mid brain tectum, midbrain tegmentum gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722034041 - midbrain = mesencephalon
- surrounds cerebral aqueduct, contains tectum and tegmentum

]]> 2023-09-26 22:33:36 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722034041 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722035474 - tectum = "roof
- dorsal mesencephalon
- 4 bumps on dorsal surface of brain stem are 2 principal structures
> superior colliculi and inferior colliculi]]> 2023-09-26 22:36:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722035474 forebrain: cerebral hemispheres, cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722036131 2023-09-26 22:37:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722036131 cerebral hemispheres gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722051783 2 hemispheres, 4 lobes each

- frontal (executive function)

- parietal (sensory integration)

- temporal (auditory, taste, smell, memory, emotionality)

- occipital (visual)

]]> 2023-09-26 23:05:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722051783 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722052216 2023-09-26 23:05:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722052216 cortices gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722054612 1. Auditory Cortex - inputs from the ear

2. Vestibular System - balance inputs

3. Language Centers - Broca and Wernike

4. Motor Cortex - premotor cortex homonculus, motor cortex

5. Sensory Cortex - somatosensory cortex homunculus

6. Association Cortex

7. Limbic System - amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia

8, Olfaction Centers

9. Visual Cortex

]]> 2023-09-26 23:09:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722054612 auditory cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722055292 2023-09-26 23:10:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722055292 vestibular cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722056556 2023-09-26 23:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722056556 language center gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722057357 Broca's area - motor aspect speech
usually L hemisphere

Wernicke's area - sensory aspect of speech]]> 2023-09-26 23:13:09 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722057357 motor cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722085999 primary motor area: anterior to central sulcus in frontal lobe
> consciously move skeletal muscles
> motor neurons form pyramidal (corticospinal) tract > descends to SC
> motor homunculus is a spatial map

]]> 2023-09-26 23:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722085999 association cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722089188 2023-09-26 23:55:49 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722089188 limbic cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722090446 2023-09-26 23:56:56 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722090446 olfaction cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722091223 2023-09-26 23:57:41 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722091223 visual cortex gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722092047 2023-09-26 23:58:34 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722092047 basal ganglia gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722094006 control of voluntary movements, procedural leaning, cognition, and emotions

- caudate
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- substatia nigra
- nucleus accumbens
- subthalamic nucelus]]> 2023-09-27 00:00:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722094006 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722237178 2023-09-27 01:47:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722237178 thalamus gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722241310 - surrounds 3 ventricle
- relay station for sensory impulses
- transfer impulses to correct part of cortex for localization and interpretation]]> 2023-09-27 01:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722241310 hypothalamus gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722245429 - under thalamus
- autonomic NS center
> regulate body temp
> control water balance
> regulate metabolism
- limbic center for emotions
- regulate nearby pituitary gland
- mammillary bodied for olfaction]]> 2023-09-27 01:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2722245429 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723898376 pyramidal decussation is at spinomedullary junction --> where lateral corticospinal tract axons cross the midline]]> 2023-09-28 00:21:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723898376 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723900229 rostral to decussation, motor commands are contralateral to the side they were initiated from

caudal to decussation, commands are ipsilateral]]> 2023-09-28 00:22:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723900229 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723907732 olivary tubercles indicate location of inferior olivary nuclei or inferior olives
--> distinctive landmark of caudal medulla]]> 2023-09-28 00:31:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723907732 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723922432 tubercle gracilis (medial) and tubercle cuneatus (lateral and rostral) are bumps visible coming up from the dorsal line

tubercles contain dorsal column nuclei where primary afferents carrying info abt ipsilateral light touch, vibrations, and proprioception terminate]]> 2023-09-28 00:50:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2723922432 testing gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724762193 if someone experienced damage to the pon, what nerves are damaged and what functions are damaged?]]> 2023-09-28 14:20:32 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724762193 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724767970 nuclei (when not talking about a cell specifically): group of neurons that all have the same fxn]]> 2023-09-28 14:24:00 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724767970 perkunje cells gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724775471 excitatory cells of the cerebellum]]> 2023-09-28 14:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724775471 colliculi gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724779612 colliculi are related to visual and visual processing]]> 2023-09-28 14:31:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724779612 testing gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724800989 homonculus for application questions]]> 2023-09-28 14:43:13 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724800989 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724802086 sensory and memory homonculus are parallel and symmetrical in each hemisphere]]> 2023-09-28 14:43:55 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724802086 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724809016 hippocampus is primarily learning and memory]]> 2023-09-28 14:48:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724809016 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724810420 olfaction is connected to memory]]> 2023-09-28 14:49:08 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724810420 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724821647 dopamine reward system
rich in dopaminergic neurons

procedural learning like routines]]> 2023-09-28 14:55:34 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724821647 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724824241 full of sensory nuclei

sensory info comes to specific nuclei in the thalamus that will then send that info somewhere else in the brain to regulate the response]]> 2023-09-28 14:57:09 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724824241 pituitary gland gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724827329 major hormone control

hormones released from the hypothalamus impacts pituitary glands ability to release hormons]]> 2023-09-28 14:59:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724827329 testing overall gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724831145 know structure and function
what would happen if there was an abnormality

if a scientist was looking for structures of the function, what structures are they?]]> 2023-09-28 15:01:25 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2724831145 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726359013 psilocybin, LSD and DOI are serotonergic psychedelics that work via serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor activation]]> 2023-09-29 17:11:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726359013 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726365370 therapeutic for neuropsychiatric disorders like major depression and anxiety-related disorders]]> 2023-09-29 17:17:36 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726365370 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726368841 ethopharmacologically analyze the role of 5-HT2A in anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of serotonergic psychedelics ]]> 2023-09-29 17:20:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726368841 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726370572 mice w acute intraperitoneal psychedelic treatment exhibited significantly shorter immobility times in forced swim test (FST) and tail-suspension test (TST) than vehicle animals]]> 2023-09-29 17:22:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726370572 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726371765 volinanserin, 5-HT2A antagonist, used to eliinate psychedelic effect]]> 2023-09-29 17:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726371765 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726377065 decreased immobility in FST was persistent for 3 weeks]]> 2023-09-29 17:28:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726377065 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726379937 decreased latency to feed, via novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), after psilocybin treatment
pre-treatment w volinanserin didn't diminish effect]]> 2023-09-29 17:31:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726379937 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726381247 DOI and TCB-2 did not effect NSFT performance]]> 2023-09-29 17:32:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726381247 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726383042 psilocybin, DOI, and TCB-2 treatment didn't affect the spontaneous locomotor activity or head twitch response (HTR)]]> 2023-09-29 17:34:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726383042 5-HT2A contributes antidepressant rather than anxiolytic effects gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726383806 2023-09-29 17:35:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726383806 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726393525 2023-09-29 17:44:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726393525 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726394875 2023-09-29 17:45:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726394875 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726395226 2023-09-29 17:45:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726395226 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726396001 2023-09-29 17:46:36 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2726396001 cerebral peduncles gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727163130 - carry axons descending from forebrain to brainstem and/or SC
- fibers of corticospinal pathways travel in the middle of each cerebral peduncle, ]]> 2023-09-30 22:53:49 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727163130 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727164802 optic tracts wrap around anterior and lateral edges of the cerebral peduncles
- damage to both --> impairment to contralateral voluntary movement AND vision of contralateral visual field]]> 2023-09-30 23:01:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727164802 colliculi are for stimuli gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727167287 4 colliculi on dorsal surface of midbrain, for localizing stimuli
inferior colliculi: for sound
superior colliculi: for vision]]> 2023-09-30 23:12:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727167287 !!! gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727169119 2023-09-30 23:20:58 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727169119 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727170069 2023-09-30 23:24:50 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727170069 limbic system gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727194218 limbic = border
> structures the border diencephalon

>> structures for emotional processing, learning, and memory, but not directly involved in sensory or motor processing]]> 2023-10-01 01:12:32 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727194218 gregoretti668 https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727194386 2023-10-01 01:13:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gregoretti668/v7xzazfjuvxf99z0/wish/2727194386