Earthy materials.

Massive wood components.

Enclosed courtyards.

-Some pueblos were very large with more than 100 rooms

-buildings can be up to five stories tall

An adjustable flap was left open at the top to allow smoke to escape

flap at the bottom served as a doorway.

were usually 12 to 20 feet

-For Native Americans, teepees were the ideal dwellings to fit their nomadic lifestyle

-generally made by stretching a cover sewn of dressed buffalo skins over a framework of wooden poles

symmetrical about a centerline along their length

The end compartments were usually used for storage

smoke holes in the roof

-longhouses were built of wooden poles and stakes that were tied together with leather strips.

-they housed as many as 100 people

made of wooden frames which are covered with woven mats and sheets of birch bark

The frame can be shaped like a dome, like a cone, or like a rectangle with an arched roof

ropes or strips of wood are wrapped around the wigwam to hold the bark in place

-The word wigwam means ''house'' in several Algonquian languages

-Wigwams usually take longer to put up than tipis.

One or one-and-a-half stories.

Rectangular floor plan.

Shingle cladding.

-Most houses were small, usually 1,000–2,000 square feet

-The original homes consisted of two rooms, a hall, and a parlor

symmetrical design

steep roofs with flared eaves (roofs with two slopes on each side)

often includes dormer windows

-The origin of the gambrel roof form in North America is unknown

-A gambrel roof has two slopes on each side, with the lower slope being steeper than the upper one

two stories with the second story overhanging in the front.

The traditional ornamentation is four carved drops (pineapple, strawberry or acorn shape) below the overhang

have multi-pane double hung windows some highlighted by decorative shutters

-buildings constructed by English settlers to protect them from attacks by their enemies

-The separate corner posts on each floor make it possible to use shorter, stronger posts

frame houses with two stories in front and one in back

short and high in front and long and low in back

symmetrical brick chimney

-It is a Colonial style of architecture which originated in New England.

-American saltbox houses were named after commonly used wooden salt containers from the colonial period

symmetrical design

steep roofs

high ceilings

-The architecture was inspired by the stylings of Versailles during the reign of King Louis XIV

-Many French country homes are defined by stone, brick, or stucco exteriors

built homes with wooden clapboard siding and constructed on flat land

porches that also functioned as outdoor storage

were often located next to lakes or rivers

-The owners would most likely have built the homes themselves, rather than hiring an architect to do the job

-The farmhouse can be dated back to the expansive fields of Scandinavia and Germany in Europe

pointed arch, used for windows, doors

decorative elements like porches, dormers, or roof gable

steeply pitched roofs

-Gothic architecture flourished and became popular in Europe during the Late Middle Ages

-A great example of this is the Notre-Dame Cathedral.

Overhanging eaves with substantial brackets

They are typically supported with substantial, decorative brackets.

Symmetrical Design

-Italianates have a plain shape and are usually two or three stories tall.

-rom the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States, where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis.

Bay windows

often asymmetrical

Stained glass

-The houses were cheap, most had between two and four rooms

-Usually decorated with elaborate wood or metal trim

tall

narrow windows

often in multiple groups and with multiple-pane glazing

-There were sturdy oak benches and stools to sit on

- Most Tudor houses would not have had a toilet

asymmetry

low-pitched roofs

rounded entries

-gained widespread popularity throughout Southern California after the 1915 Panama-California Exposition in San Diego

-The style was an attempt to create a “native” California architectural style that drew upon and romanticized the state's colonial past

Horizontal Lines

Flat chimneys

natural materials

-Similar to the Arts and Crafts movement, Prairie-style homes incorporated a lot of hand-wrought woodwork and art glass

-Windows served as art, and a lot of furniture was made in place

One or two stories in height.

Overhanging eaves with exposed rafters or braces.

Front facing gables.

-the British first built bungalows in India in the mid-19th century.

-inspired by the English Arts and Crafts movement which brought a renewed interest in hand crafted materials and harmony with the natural environment.

Roofs are flat

Framed glass

grid-like repetition take the place of ornament and even texture.

-The most common characteristics of International Style buildings are rectilinear forms

Smooth wall surface.

Sharp edged, linear appearance.

Stylized decorative elements using geometrical forms, zigzags, chevrons.

-Art Deco is somewhat of a catch-all term for a variety of sub-styles that emerged in the early 20th century, Robins explains

-Art Deco developed first in France

Single story.

Open concept floorplan.

Rectangular, “U”, or “L”-shaped.

-The name “ranch house” comes directly from the ranch, as it were

-Ranch-style homes often feature open floor plans, perfect for family gatherings or entertaining guests

Low Pitched Roof

Attached Garages

More Affordable

-Split-level homes inherently offer a sense of zoning and privacy

-Developed in the 1930s, it emerged in the 1950s as a multi-story counterpart to the dominant one-story Ranch house.

Traditional layout

Side hallways

Lack of lawn.

-Row houses are generally two or three stories high, though they can have up to five stories, and are usually no wider than 12' to 25

-Row houses commonly hold one or two families, but larger row houses can be reworked into several apartments or condos.

Minimalism

Large Windows

Floor-to-Ceiling Windows

-A midcentury modern house plan is characterized by a very wide, low footprint with large, open spaces, floor-to-ceiling windows, and an emphasis on bringing the outdoors in.

-Mid-Century Modern architecture emerged roughly between the 1930s and 1960s, flourishing in the aftermath of World War II

Energy efficiency

Solar panels

Recycled Materials

-A sustainable home is one that is built or retrofitted in a way that conserves resources, optimizes energy and water use and that will last longer with quality systems.

-A sustainable house is built with low-impact, high-performance materials

Smart Lighting Installation.

AI-controlled Entertainment Systems.

Smart Home Appliances.

-Smart homes are those in which things like heating and air conditioning, security, lighting, blinds, entertainment equipment, and so forth are automated and operated via a central control system known as a 'hub' or a 'gateway'

natural light

a loft

Storage

-They are inexpensive to build.

-They are inexpensive to maintain.