AP Gov 13/14 by Savannah Julius https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314 Budget/Bureaucracy en-us 2017-03-06 23:59:25 UTC 2017-03-07 00:28:43 UTC hello@padlet.com https://www.fbi.gov/front-page/@@images/image 3 major sources of federal revenue 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205197 1. personal income tax
2. corporate income tax
3. social insurance tax


surprisingly very little from corporate income tax]]> 2017-03-07 00:02:56 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205197 IRS takes care of tax returns 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205223 2017-03-07 00:03:21 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205223 we have progressive tax rate 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205238 not flat
those who make more have higher rates]]> 2017-03-07 00:03:31 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205238 social insurance taxes 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205277 baby boomers are aging; 2 workers to 1 beneficiary soon!! scary

  • insurance taxes
    • social security
    • medicare
]]> 2017-03-07 00:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205277 govt can borrow money from itself by temporarily moving funds around (still have to pay it back eventually) 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205357 intragovernmental debt]]> 2017-03-07 00:05:05 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205357 debt v. deficit 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205379 because of deficit (expenditures > revenues), more is added to national debt):]]> 2017-03-07 00:05:29 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205379 national debt = $19.5 trillion. Good Job America. 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205407 2017-03-07 00:05:53 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205407 high debt... 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205433 high interest rates
slow economy
less jobs = less tax revenue = bigger deficit = more debt
  • (vicious cycle)
]]> 2017-03-07 00:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205433 debt ceiling 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205492 supposed number that congress cannot borrow passed]]> 2017-03-07 00:07:01 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205492 taxes and public policy 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205520 tax expenditures = freebies
  • charity
  • mortgage interest
  • business investment
  • you have children. YAY you reproduced
usually enjoyed by the upper and middle class only
loopholes = tax subsidies for business CURSES

Tax reduction
tax cuts (George's Bush)
  • indexed taxes = not affected by inflation
    • can be a lower rate
lower class usually unaffected by these
]]> 2017-03-07 00:07:22 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205520 govt expenditure issues--only two 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205787 1. federal expenditures keep rising
- so does inflation
2. policies and programs on what the government spends money on changes over time]]> 2017-03-07 00:10:57 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158205787 big govt = big budget 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206033 public sector has expanded
government growth
1. increase of national security
2. increasing in social services]]> 2017-03-07 00:13:43 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206033 how it all began... 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206102 cold war w/ expensive military tech
eisenhower w/ his military industrial complex
50s and 60s where Dept. of Defense got a loooot of funding
70s - social welfare expenditures increased
80s tax reductions (sorta)
huge increase in defense budget after 9/11
war with iraq is $$$]]> 2017-03-07 00:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206102 dept of defense receives 1/5 of govt revenues 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206272 2017-03-07 00:16:25 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206272 social security act during great depression began it all 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206287 work for those in need now so others will work for you when you need it

Medicare (from LBJ's Great Society)
- 2003: prescription drugs added to this]]> 2017-03-07 00:16:38 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206287 debate over putting social security in the stock market to gain more moolah 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206353 social security is the LARGEST social policy]]> 2017-03-07 00:17:31 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206353 incrementalism 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206425 determining factor = size and content of the budget

1. policymakers don't focus on a budgetary base
2. agencies just assume they're going to get the same amount of funding as last year
3. most debate of the proposed increment (duh)
4. budget for every agency grows each year]]> 2017-03-07 00:17:59 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206425 uncontrollable budget 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206568 uncontrollable expendtiures...
uncontrollable deficit...
uncontrollable debt]]> 2017-03-07 00:19:42 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206568 Congress decides on entitlements 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206603 rules, regulations, requirements

who/what/when/how]]> 2017-03-07 00:20:08 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206603 budget battles over contending interests, ideologies, programs, and agencies 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206627 individual grants v. agencies' interests v. congress's constituents v. the president's policy agenda]]> 2017-03-07 00:20:33 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206627 players for the budget 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206684 interest groups
agencies
OMB
president
tax committees
  • House Ways and Means Committee
  • Senate Finance Committee
budget committees
  • Congressional Budget Office
authorization committees
appropriations committees
Congress as a whole
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
]]> 2017-03-07 00:21:23 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206684 president and the budget 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206835 started taking a role in 1921
  • Budget and Accounting Act: president proposes a budget to congress every year
    • uses OMB for help
  • budget usually planned year prior
]]> 2017-03-07 00:23:11 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206835 congress and the budget 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206951 budget resolution through two ways
1. reconciliation
2. authorization bills (sets eligibility and benefits for entitlements)
- requires appropriations bills]]> 2017-03-07 00:24:31 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158206951 continuing resolutins 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207046 giving up and giving in to the budget the agency had the previous year]]> 2017-03-07 00:25:34 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207046 meltzer and richard 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207100 believe democracy increases because of the equality of suffrage
the lesser well off are able to vote for government programs (SS, medicare, medicaid...)
-- increases budget]]> 2017-03-07 00:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207100 PACs and govt agencies seek out govt assistance ($) 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207191 2017-03-07 00:26:58 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207191 lack of consensus on policy = budgetary conflict = slow resolution = rapidly growing debt 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207238 2017-03-07 00:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207238 Congress's pork barrel projects = lots o red tape 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207287 2017-03-07 00:27:49 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207287 govt always growing so scope of govt is also growing 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207348 2017-03-07 00:28:16 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207348 Ch. 14 Vocab 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207369 Quizlet
https://quizlet.com/_374dh0 ]]> 2017-03-07 00:28:27 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/apgov1314/wish/158207369