https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef en-us 2020-12-20 23:40:29 UTC 2025-10-01 20:24:47 UTC hello@padlet.com ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034935932 In the third packet in Unit 3, there is a passage known as Southernization by Lynda Shaffer. It goes over what Southernization is, and what influence it had. The passage says, "The term southernization is a new one. It is used here to refer to a multipart process that began in Southern Asia and spread from there to various other places around the globe. The developments that make up Southernization include: 1. mathematics 2. the production and marketing of subtropical or tropical spices 3. the pioneering of new trade routes 4. the cultivation, processing, and marketing of southern crops such as sugar and cotton 5. the development of technologies related to the above" (29) This can explain what southernization is, and what was spread with it. Eurocentric historians do not teach southernization often, and do not commemorate it's significance. The passage says, "One could argue that within the Northern Hemisphere, by this time the process of southernization had created an eastern hemisphere characterized by a rich south and a north that was poor in comparison. And one might even go so far as to suggest that in Europe and its colonies, the process of southernization laid the foundation for westernization." (29) This can show how southernization had a more important role in world history than westernization did.]]> 2020-12-21 00:59:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034935932 ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034944760 In this section of Southernization by Lynda Shaffer, they discuss how southernization started in India, what it produced, and how it spread. The passage says, "Southernization was the result of developments that took place in many parts of southern Asia, both in India and in Southeast Asia. Perhaps the oldest strand in the process was the cultivation of cotton and the production of cotton textiles for export. Cotton was first domesticated in the Indus River valley sometime between 2300 and 1760 BCE and by the second millennium BCE the Indians had begun to develop sophisticated dyeing techniques." (30) This can show how southernization first started in India with cotton textiles. Another part of southernization involved searching for bullion, a name for precious metals such as gold or silver. The passage says, "The Indians' search for gold may have led them to the shores of Africa. Although its interpretation is controversial, some archaeological evidence suggests the existence of Indian influence on parts of East Africa as early as 300 CE." (30) This can show how India not only started searching for bullion, but spread their influence to Africa. Indians also developed many other useful things. The passage says, "Around 350 C.E., that the Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar." (32) They also had helped develop mathematics. The passage says, "The Indians also laid the foundation for modern mathematics. Western numerals, which the Europeans called Arabic since they acquired them from the Arabs, actually come from India." (32)]]> 2020-12-21 01:05:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034944760 ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034955069 In the section The Indian Beginning from Southernization by Lynda Shaffer, the southernization of Malaysia is mentioned around reader page 31, packet 3. The passage says, "Some evidence also suggests that Malay sailors had settled in the Red Sea area. Indeed, it appears that they were the first to develop a long-distance trade in a southern spice. In the last centuries BCE if not earlier, Malay sailors were delivering cinnamon from South China Sea ports to East Africa and the Red Sea." (31) This can show how Malay sailors helped establish trading in the Old World, which was the primary way of exchange.]]> 2020-12-21 01:11:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034955069 ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034964543 In a section of Southernization by Lynda Shaffer known as The Southernization of China, they talk about how China was southernized. The passage says, "These Southern Asian developments began to have a significant impact on China after 350 C.E." (33) After being southernized, China majorly contributed to the Old World. The passage describes how printing was invented in buddhist monasteries between 700-750, gunpowder was invented by daoist alchemists, how the compass was invented and perfected in China, and how silk and porcelain became major exports of China. ]]> 2020-12-21 01:17:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1034964543 ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1035004367 In a section of Southernization by Lynda Shaffer known as The Muslim Caliphates, they explain how the Muslim Empire became southernized. The passage says, "In the eighth century they went on to conquer Spain and areas of Central Asia, as well as northwestern India. Once established on the Indian frontier, they became acquainted with many of the elements of southernization." (34) The Muslim Empire then made many contributions to the Old World after being southernized. The passage explains how the Arabs spread sugar, cotton, and citrus fruits to the Middle East, which led to new irrigation technology being created. They also made advancements in math, creating algebra and trigonometry. They also had improved a long distance trade route across the Sahara in the process of finding new sources of bullion, doubling the amount of gold in world circulation.]]> 2020-12-21 01:42:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1035004367 ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1035181844 In the section Developments After 1200: The Mongolian Conquest and the Southernization of the European Mediterranean from Southernization by Lynda Shaffer, they discuss the Mongol Empire and how the european mediterranean was southernized. The passage describes how regions that are too far north cannot grow southern crops, and they were left out of the cultivation of the crops. After 1200, southernization reached its height because of the disruptive events of the thirteenth century. These events include the Byzantine empire going down, along with many other world powers. The Mongols became conquerors of the thirteenth century, which gave them the control of trade routes. The passage says, "At the same time the Mongols' control of overland routes between Europe and Asia in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries fostered unprecedented contacts between Europeans and peoples from those areas that had long been southernized." (36) This can show how before the Mongol Empire, Europeans did not have access to trade routes of the Old World System, hence why they could not get access to the crops of it, nonetheless any exports from it. This can relate to the thesis of Southernization by Lynda Shaffer, as the West had to be influenced by the South before they could start Westernization. ]]> 2020-12-21 03:45:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1035181844 ebostwick78 https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1035192025 In the section known as The Rise of Europe’s North from Southernization by Lynda Shaffer, they discuss how Northwestern Europe became southernized, giving it it's power. The passage says, "The rise of the north, or more precisely, the rise of Europe's north west, began with the appropriation of those elements of southernization that were not confined by geography. In the wake of their southern process due to their distance from the equator. Full southernization and the wealth that we now associate with northwestern Europe came about only after their outright seizure of tropical and subtropical territories and their rounding of Africa and participation in Southern Ocean trade." (38-39) This can show that Eurocentric points of view erase the period of time when Europe was not nearly as powerful as the south. ]]> 2020-12-21 03:53:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ebostwick78/v5s1b2hxjahs2aef/wish/1035192025