1. Schemas-units of knowledge.
2. Adaption processes -  which allow a child to move from  one stage of learning to the next.
3. Stages of Cognitive development
-sensorimotor- birth to age 2
- preoperational- ages 2-7
- concrete operational ages 7-11
- formal operational
11- adult
Cognitive learning theory means "to think using the brain." This main view point refers to the different process of learning which can be explained by analyzing the mental process first.

Thinking that learning is easier and new information can be stored in the memory for a long time. by Sarah Mae Sincero website explorable.

Selected References:
http://study.com/academy/lesson/cognitive-processes-in-learning-types-definition-examples.htmlCognitive Processes in Learning: Types, Definition & Examples.

youtube video- Cognitivism in the Classroom
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gugvpoU2Ewo [accessed: 03/11/2017].

https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html [accessed: 03/11/2017].

(“Piaget’s Theory”)  Knowledge is actively constructed, the learning part will be presented as a process of active discovery. The role of the teacher is not to implement;  the teacher/educator acts as a facilitator. At the beginning he/she provides a scaffolding guidance to the student. As the student masters the subject, and develops his own learning strategies, thus, the teacher gradually decreases the guidance. According to this theory, learning process is never executed in isolation. It is a process combining both external and internal factors. Both the teacher and student are reciprocally engaged within the process. The objective is to mitigate some of the learning phases, until the learner will be able to proceed on his own. Therefore, the initial emphasis would be on interactive activities inside/outside the classroom. Thus, classroom design (and its management) would definitely be arranged according to the following: the seating-plan is arranged in an untraditional way, e. g., the class is divided into groups of five, each group seats in a circle.   

Selected Reference:

https://tadahgroup.wordpress.com/vygotskys-theory-2/ [accessed: 03/11/2017].

Cognitisim learning theory video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Sy8n5DRa7A 

As a result, if the traditional classroom design catered to the cognitivist approach of frontal learning by a teacher "jug to the mug" no longer is effective for "the 21st Century kid", then it is necessary to alter the classroom design of a 'classic class' to the needs of today.

Vygotsky’s view on the local Gomel education system had inspired him to concentrate on the famous concept/metatheory: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) (known also as the “Scaffolding” term). This cognitive approach assumes that human-beings are more likely to learn and acquire new skills by interacting with peers/colleagues. However, as each learner is cognitively different (as being affected by the surrounding environmental conditions: such as the closest community), hence, the learning process might be much more difficult for some individuals than others.  This process might be facilitated just by providing the right assisting tools until he/she mastered the topic/assignment. Afterwards, the learner will be able to continue the assignment alone (of course, that there are learners with learning difficulties/disabilities, which will not necessarily be able to proceed without any assistance
(see: the “Beyond Reach at Present” – the gap/lacunae between present development and the potential development)). 

Nowadays, this theory is implemented in various education systems around the world. Teachers/educators frequently use this approach as part of their overall teaching strategy (known as the “Scaffolding Teaching Strategy”).

 Selected References:
https://psychohawks.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/theories-of-cognitive-development-lev-vygotsky/ [accessed: 03/11/2017].

https://www.simplypsychology.org/Zone-of-Proximal-Development.html  [accessed: 03/11/2017].

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/5075 [accessed: 03/11/2017].