G101 by https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj Team 2 en-us 2020-01-22 00:44:13 UTC 2025-11-13 22:48:42 UTC hello@padlet.com Bilateral Relations 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434341429 In 2017, Singapore become Indonesia's second trading partner.

Importance of Bilateral Relations:
- The countries need a good bilateral relationship, so that we can be in unity and work together and help one another in time of crisis (Terrorist attacks). 
- Having good bilataral relations help the different countries share resources and and expertise on anti-terrorism
- Improved security as friendly countries may help defend you against hostile aggression
- Less chance of war that could cost millions of your citizens lives, and cause massive destructio
- Possibility of good trading relationship which could generate wealth for both parties.
- Ability to tackle things too big for your nation alone, or any single nation. E.G global warming, or in the case of Europe the large hadron collider.


]]> 2020-01-22 01:19:48 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434341429 Note from suspect 190425311 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434341955 "We wish for the fireworks we use, will make it big in the NEWS" 

(this is the additional clue that will help to decide ONE of the secret codes is correct) ]]> 2020-01-22 01:22:09 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434341955 What are the causes of terrorism? 190414571 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434342324 Terrorism can take multiple forms and has many causes, often more than one. It can have its roots in religious, social, or political conflicts, often when one community is oppressed by another.

Religious: Several attacks carried out in the name of religion.

Socioeconomic: explanations of terrorism suggest that various forms of deprivation drive people to terrorism, or that they are more susceptible to recruitment by organizations using terrorist tactics. Poverty, lack of education or lack of political freedom are a few examples.

Political conflicts: Terrorism was originally theorized in the context of insurgency and guerrilla warfare, a form of organized political violence by a non-state army or group. Individuals, abortion clinic bombers, or groups, like the Vietcong in the 1960s, can be understood as choosing terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social, political or historical wrong]]> 2020-01-22 01:23:40 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434342324 What is required to tackle these causes of terrorism? 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434343115

Singapore approach:
Singapore’s multi-ethnic and multi-religious population, its leaders consistently stress the importance of social harmony.

1. Creating Inter-Racial Confidence Circles (IRCCs)
- role of IRCCs in bridging different religious groups at the local level.
-  local-level inter-faith platforms in every constituency formed to promote racial and religious harmony. The work of the IRCCs is instrumental in strengthening social cohesion and supports the SGSecure movement.

2. the government also launched the Community Engagement Program (CEP)
- to provide more integrated and comprehensive efforts in preparing the populace to be psychologically and socially resilient to terrorism. Example initiatives over the past few years include introducing Safety and Security Watch Groups at industrial and commercial premises; outreach to foreign worker populations through the foreign worker dormitories; and expanding the scope of Emergency Preparedness Exercises to cover the readiness to detect and prevent the fallout from potential communal tensions in a crisis.

3. Aside from the IRCC and CEP, the government also formed the Religious Rehabilitation Group (RRG), which is an unpaid, all-volunteer grouping of Islamic scholars and teachers who possess formal Islamic educational credentials from both local madrasas and foreign universities.
-  to counsel detained JI members and to counter their ideological beliefs


4. Singapore government introduced a series of measures to harden “soft targets” in the public sphere. A new Singapore Standard for Hotel Security was launched to enhance the conduct of systematic and regular reviews of emergency operating procedures, security plans and equipment. The TRANSCOM (MRT) Unit was enlarged to form the Public Transport Security Command, where 400 policemen will patrol the bus interchanges and MRT stations.



5. The Protective Security Command (ProCom) was also formed to protect security-sensitive locations and provide security coverage at key national events.

6. Finally, the Singapore Infocomm Technology Security Authority was established to protect critical IT infrastructure against increasing global trends of cyber-espionage and cyber-terrorism]]> 2020-01-22 01:26:52 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434343115 Secret Codes 190414571 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434343635 DT15CC04 - Promenade
EW13NS25 - City Hall
NE04DT19 - Chinatown
DT16CE01 - Bayfront
 
The letters are the line code, the numbers are the station number
]]> 2020-01-22 01:29:09 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434343635 190414571 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434362240 2020-01-22 02:45:10 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434362240 Conclusion of Evidence 190425311 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434362267 EW13NS25 City Hall

N E W S
2  1  3  5 (timing (?) that the terrorism actions will be carried out)]]> 2020-01-22 02:45:16 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434362267 History of Singapore 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434369699 The JI considered several Singapore places to attack. The JI explored the idea of sabotaging the MRT System & Jurong Island . ]]> 2020-01-22 03:20:52 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434369699 Terrorism 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434369745 Terrorism is the use of violence aimed at furthering a political or ideological goal at the expense of the general population. ]]> 2020-01-22 03:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434369745 Vulnerability of Singapore 190434371 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434369901 In the Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report(2019), the treat to Singapore remains high because of volatile regionakl

- Singapore is particularly vulnerable to terrorist threats and other extremist ideologies because of its strong position against terrorism as well as its alignment to the west. 

 - More radicalised individuals here are uncovered and terror groups continue to make their presence felt globally

- Detecting more Singaporeans and foreigners working in Singapore becoming radicalised by terrorist propaganda]]> 2020-01-22 03:21:48 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434369901 Governments 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434377005 Negative: actively providing resources to terrorist group
Positive: prevent terrorist from using territory and resources]]> 2020-01-22 03:50:23 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434377005 Why is Religion a factor for Terrorism? https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398477 Since 2001 religious extremism has overtaken national separatism to become the main driver of terrorist attacks around the world, according to the Global Terrorism Index. 

Link: https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/nov/18/religious-extremism-main-cause-of-terrorism-according-to-report ]]> 2020-01-22 06:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398477 Why do people join terrorist group. https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398602 People join extremists organisations for quite a number of reasons.

Some - especially those locally recruited - mostly join for economic benefits. 


-15% mentioned religious reasons (Religion and Islam in particular is used by recruiters, foreign fighters and extremists to recruit, fight and justify their actions. So yes, religion does plays an important role. A study conducted by Dr Anneli Botha at the Institute for Security studies (ISS) shows that 87% of respondents gave religion as the reason why they joined al Shabab. But I think religion could could also be used as a de-radicalisation tool if we manage to create counter-narratives based on religious traditions.) 

-13% were forced to join. We found that there is no easy answer to why people join terrorist organisations.

It's a complex picture, we have to take into account processes linked to political and social exclusion dynamics, poor governance structures as well as religious and ethnic discrimination.]]> 2020-01-22 06:18:39 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398602 Terrorism's Impact on International Relations 190425311 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398634 Enhanced Security -  In the 18 months that have passed since the events of 9/11, the world has changed in many profound ways. A small band of terrorists, a tiny fraction of a percent of the global population, have succeeded in changing most of our lives, perhaps forever. Questions of security now permeate our lives. When considering a business trip or holiday, we now routinely factor into the equation whether a destination is considered ‘safe', what is the least potentially dangerous route and method of travel to get there, and what additional time must be added to account for the now ‘routine' enhanced security checks.

The Impact of Globalization - terrorist organizations have "harvested" the globalization process to improve their methods of operation. They often refrain from using factory-made explosives, for example, and instead use materials that can be easily obtained from local sources (such as ammonium nitrate). And, ironically, locally-made materials are being used with greater frequency to achieve terrorist objectives. 


A Changed World - How the world's civilized nations collectively fight against terrorism will determine the future course of international relations. The stakes are extremely high in a war on Iraq, for a variety of reasons. If the United Nations Security Council is unable to reach a majority consensus on the best path for eliminating the threat of weapons of mass destruction from Iraq, it stands little chance of achieving the same where North Korea and other “problem” nations are concerned. ]]> 2020-01-22 06:18:50 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398634 The role of social media in international relations 190434371 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398698 But more recently, we’ve seen the role social media plays in constructing narratives and political rhetoric for the audience at home, and the damage that can be caused to foreign relations on the global front. Perhaps we naively chose to ignore the opportunity social media provided for international leader, to shore up domestic support at the expense of international relationships.

The Trump presidency has given us a robust selection of Twitter diplomacy example, as heated exchanges have played out between government officials and foreign dignitaries for the world to follow, and all in 120 characters or less.  



]]> 2020-01-22 06:19:17 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434398698 How important is social media for recruiters who work for extremist groups? https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434399402 Without social media al Shabab, ISIS and other extremists would have been forced to use traditional ways for recruitment. (F2F - Harder to recruit as it takes up more time, lesser audience it can reach)

It is fair to say that traditional methods would not have resulted in such a high number of new recruits. Recruiters are dependent on social media. They use it to recruit, fundraise and disseminate propaganda. 

For example, on social media you can talk to recruiters to get personalised clarifications on ideology. They use social media to answer all sorts of questions. This is important to understand as it can give you the needed justifications to abandon everything and start a new life in an extremist group. Recruiters also help with practical things such as buying tickets and preparing the trip. Social media is key for those groups]]> 2020-01-22 06:23:02 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434399402 International Relations 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434399557 "relations between states"
Allowing nations to cooperate with one another, pool, resources and share information as a way to face global issues that go beyond any particular country or region]]> 2020-01-22 06:23:51 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434399557 Effects of terrorism https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434400560
  • Terrorist acts can cause ripple effects through the economy that have negative impacts.
  • The most obvious is the direct economic destruction of property and lives.
  • Terrorism indirectly affects the economy by creating market uncertainty, xenophobia, loss of tourism, and increased insurance claims.

    • ]]>     2020-01-22 06:28:48 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/434400560     Religious terrorism 190434371 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437963110 The world's great religions all have both peaceful and violent messages from which believers can choose. Religious terrorists and violent extremists share the decision to interpret religion to justify violence, whether they are Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, or Sikh.]]> 2020-01-30 03:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437963110 Religion Case study (?) 190425311 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437967510 2020-01-30 03:18:34 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437967510 Their beliefs 190434371 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437967851 Buddism : Buddhism is a religion or approach to an enlightened life based on the teachings of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama 25 centuries ago in northern India. The edict not to kill or inflict pain on others is integral to Buddhist thought. Periodically, however, Buddist monks have encouraged violence or initiated it. The primary example in the 20th and 21st century is in Sri Lanka, where Sinhala Buddhist groups have committed and encouraged violence against local Christians and Tamils. The leader of Aum Shinrikyo, a Japanese cult that committed a lethal sarin gas attack in the mid-1990s, drew on Buddhist as well as Hindu ideas to justify his beliefs.

    Christian : Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, whose resurrection, as understood by Christians, provided salvation for all mankind. Christianity's teachings, like those of other religions, contain messages of love and peace but also those that can be used to justify violence. The 15th-century Spanish inquisition is sometimes considered an early form of state terrorism. These Church-sanctioned tribunals aimed to root out Jews and Muslims who had not converted to Catholicism, often through severe torture. Today in the United States, reconstruction theology and the Christian Identity movement have provided justification for attacks on abortion providers.

    Hinduism : Hinduism is the world's third largest religion after Christianity and Islam and it is the oldest. Hinduism takes many forms in practice among its adherents. It valorizes non-violence as a virtue but advocates war when it is necessary in the face of injustice. A Hindu assassinated (also Hindu) Mohandas Ghandi, whose non-violent resistance helped bring about Indian independence in 1948. Violence between Hindus and Muslims in India has been endemic since then. However, the role of nationalism is inextricable from Hindu violence in this context.

    Islam : Adherents of Islam describe themselves as believing in the same Abrahamic God as Jews and Christians, whose instructions to humankind were perfected when delivered to the last prophet, Muhammad. Like those of Judaisim and Christianity, Islam's texts offer both peaceful and warring messages. Many consider the 11th-century "hashishiyin," to be Islam's first terrorists. These members of a Shiite sect assassinated their Saljuq enemies. In the late 20th century, groups motivated by religious and nationalist goals committed attacks, such as the assassination of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, and suicide bombings in Israel. In the early 21st century, al-Qaeda "internationalized" jihad to attack targets in Europe and the Uniteed States.

    Judaism : Judaism began around 2000 BCE when, according to Jews, God established a special covenant with Abraham. The monotheistic religion focuses on the importance of action as an expression of belief. Judaism's central tenets involve a respect for life's sanctity, but like other religions, its texts can be used to justify violence. Some consider the Sicarii, who used murder by dagger to protest Roman rule in first century Judea, to be the first Jewish terrorists. In the 1940s, Zionist militants such as Lehi (known also as the Stern Gang) carried out terrorist attacks against the British in Palestine.

    ]]>     2020-01-30 03:20:05 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437967851     Media influence on terrorism https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437988139 Terrorism receives media attention which is disproportionate to its frequency and share of deaths. This is also the intention of terrorists. Fear and attention is, after all, a core tactic of terrorism: media covering the attack is a key part of the terrorist’s strategy.

    Terrorists are rarely successful at hijacking airplanes anymore. But they are very successful hijacking global news cycles. But media coverage of terrorism is also highly unequal: some events receive a lot of attention while most receive very little

    Which are the characteristics that influence whether an attack is covered in the media or not? A previous study which looked at terrorist attacks in the US from 1980 to 2001 found they received more attention if there were fatalities; airlines were a target; it was a hijacking; or organized by a domestic group. Incidents received less coverage if they are framed as a crime (akin to homicide rather than terrorism, for which there is not always a clear boundary).

    What’s striking is the much larger coverage if the perpetrator was Muslim. Across all media sources, attacks received on average 357% greater coverage if the attacker was Muslim; for major outlets this was higher still at 758%. It appeared to play less of a role for local outlets. From this analysis we also see that media coverage was higher when the perpetrator was arrested (partly because an arrest is a reportable event in itself); the target of the attack was law enforcement or government; and when people were killed in the attack. One additional fatality meant an average increase of coverage by 46%. 

    Which events do and do not receive media coverage matter: evidence shows that media plays a defining role in shifting public opinion; perceptions of the importance of particular issues; and national policy conversations. It can have a significant impact on how the public perceives terrorism and its associations.
     
    In particular, increased coverage when a perpetrator is Muslim presents an unbalanced overview of US terrorism to the public. In the dataset that this study relied on, Muslims perpetrated 12.5% of attacks in the US, yet received half of the news coverage.

    Combined with the fact that terrorism in general gets a disproportionate amount of media attention, the fact that the worst attacks – those that cause the greatest number of deaths – get most attention further exacerbates public fear. But it does mean that it’s not just terrorism that receives a lot of attention; it’s the rare but most extreme events that become easiest for us to recall.


    ]]>     2020-01-30 05:02:49 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437988139     https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437989073 2020-01-30 05:11:21 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437989073 How Religious Extremism Changed the Face of Terrorism 190434371 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437992628 2020-01-30 05:39:09 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437992628 Types of terrorism 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437993888 State-Sponsored terrorism
    Dissent terrorism
    Terrorist and the left and right
    Religious terrorism
    Criminal terrorism

    https://ekuonline.eku.edu/homeland-security/definition-history-and-types-terrorism]]>     2020-01-30 05:47:51 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437993888     Terrorism is over-represented relative to its share of deaths in media coverage https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437996967 A fact-based overview of the world we live in — a perspective that includes the persistent and long-term changes that run as a backdrop to our daily lives on terrorism. 

    The media provides a near-instantaneous snapshot of single events; events that are, in most cases, negative. The persistent, large-scale trends of progress never make the headlines.

    But is there evidence that such a disconnect exists between what we see in the news and what is reality for most us?

    One study attempted to look at this from the perspective of what we die from: is what we actually die from reflected in the media coverage these topics receive?

    To answer this, four key sources of data were used:

    For each source the authors calculated the relative share of deaths, share of Google searches, and share of media coverage. They restricted the considered causes to the top 10 causes of death in the US and additionally included terrorism, homicide, and drug overdoses. This allows for us to compare the relative representation across different sources


    What we die from; what we Google; what we read in the news

    So, what do the results look like? In the chart below I present the comparison.

    The first column represents each cause’s share of US deaths; the second the share of Google searches each receives; third, the relative article mentions in the New York Times; and finally article mentions in The Guardian.
    The coverage in both newspapers here is strikingly similar. And the discrepancy between what we die actually from and what we get informed of in the media is what stands out:
    • around one-third of the considered causes of deaths resulted from heart disease, yet this cause of death receives only 2-3 percent of Google searches and media coverage.
    • just under one-third of the deaths came from cancer; we actually google cancer a lot (37 percent of searches) and it is a popular entry here on our site; but it receives only 13-14 percent of media coverage;
    • we searched for road incidents more frequently than their share of deaths, however, they receive much less attention in the news;
    • when it comes to deaths from strokes, Google searches and media coverage are surprisingly balanced;
    • the largest discrepancies concern violent forms of death: suicide, homicide and terrorism. All three receive much more relative attention in Google searches and media coverage than their relative share of deaths. When it comes to the media coverage on causes of death, violent deaths account for more than two-thirds of coverage in the New York Times and The Guardian but account for less than 3 percent of the total deaths in the US.

    What’s interesting is that Americans search on Google is a much closer reflection of what kills us than what is presented in the media. One way to think about it is that media outlets may produce content that they think readers are most interested in, but this is not necessarily reflected in our preferences when we look for information ourselves.



    How over- or underrepresented are deaths in the media?

    As we can see clearly from the chart above, there is a disconnect between what we die from, and how much coverage these causes get in the media. Another way to summarize this discrepancy is to calculate how over- or underrepresented each cause is in the media. To do this, we simply calculate the ratio between the share of deaths and share of media coverage for each cause.

    In the chart below we see how over- or underrepresented each cause is in newspaper coverage. Causes shown in red are overrepresented in the media; those in blue are underrepresented. Numbers denote the factor by which they are misrepresented.

    The major standout here – I had to break the scale on the y-axis since it’s several orders of magnitude higher than everything else – is terrorism: it is overrepresented in the news by almost a factor of 4000.
    Homicides are also very overrepresented in the news, by a factor of 31. The most underrepresented in the media are kidney disease (11-fold), heart disease (10-fold), and, perhaps surprisingly, drug overdoses (7-fold). Stroke and diabetes are the two causes most accurately represented.
    ]]>     2020-01-30 06:10:07 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437996967     Socioeconomic inequality or sociodemographic 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437997818 2020-01-30 06:17:10 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437997818 Lone offenders influencing on terrorism 19008808 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437998712 2020-01-30 06:25:52 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/437998712 White Supremacy: The modern KKK 19021209 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/439101645 - Targets African-American and Catholics

    - In 2017, a clash with protesters at the Unite The Right rally in Charlottesville, Va., left one woman dead. In 2015, the shooting at the Mother Emanuel AME church in Charleston, S.C., killed nine black churchgoers. And in 2012, a rampage at the Sikh Temple of Wisconsin in Oak Creek, Wisc., killed six people.

    - In every era there were multiple Klans, they all have different names, they all have different leaders — they are trying to extract money from their groups, and they are all fighting about money .... and then over power, and who controls the power, because white supremacy groups don't elect their leaders right away. To be a leader just means to grab power and control. So there's a lot of contention in these groups of control.

    - The 1920s Klan [was] very anti-Catholic, as well as racist and anti-Semitic. Part of this anti-Catholicism [was] based on the idea that Catholics were going to start controlling politics as well as the police. ]]>     2020-02-01 06:33:38 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/439101645     Bias in the News: Reporting Terrorism 190414571 https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/440706395
    The disparities in news coverage of attacks based on the perpetrator’s religion may explain why members of the public tend to fear the “Muslim terrorist” while ignoring other threats. More representative coverage could help to bring public perception in line with reality.



    ]]>     2020-02-05 02:29:23 UTC https://padlet.com/19021209/v5ok4hw4iorj/wish/440706395