1. Permanent 1778 alliance with France:2 treaties commercial and political 

2 Washington: no permanent alliance: sets tone for isolation 

3. Jefferson Inaugural address: “kindly separated by nature and wide ocean from the exterminating havoc. National interest should determine FP 

4.war of 1812: willingness to violate the policy of neutrality when it became advantageous 

5. Monroe doctrine: European powers shouldn't be in America 

6. Manifest destiny: “And that claim is by right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the

whole of the continent which the province has given us for the development of the

great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us… The god

of nature and of nations has marked it for our own'' John L. Sullivan (1845).

Original US northwest territory 1783

Louisiana purchase 1803 

British cession 1817 

Spanish cession 1819 FL from SP

Texas annexation 1845

Oregon country 1846

Mexican cession 1848

Gadsden purchase 1853

Expansionist Project: Implications for Natives

Resist, coexist, migrate

1795 Treaty of Greenville: Concluded hostilities between the United States and an Indian confederation

1830 Trail of Tears: Andrew Jackson ordered the Indian removal

Continuous warfare on Great Plains & West

1870s Movement to reserves

1876: Battle of Little Horn: One of the few Native American victories

1887: Dawes Act/ Severalty Act: Allowed the federal govt. to break up tribal lands

1890: Wounded Knee Massacre: Brutal defeat. Slaughter of hundreds of Indians.

James K. Polk + Manifest Destiny = got strategic points like the San Francisco Port

1853: Gadsden Purchase

1898: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1) USA gained all of Texas to Rio Grande Rivers

2) Mexican cession: Ceded territory in the Southwest

1848- 1854 Offer to purchase Cuba from Spain

1867 Alaska

1878 Pago-Pago

1884 Pearl Harbour

1898 Hawaii

Wins approval of budget that increases tax on wealthy, tries to help lift families out ofpoverty

Tries to end ban on gay men and women in the military

Whitewater affairs shady reals estate deal in 80’s

Fails to pass Healthcare bill

Impeached over Monica Lewinsky Affair

9/11 Terrorist attack on New York and Washington

US war against terrorism Support by the UN and NATO

2001 Bombing of Afghanistan to take Bin Laden

No UN resolution Massive public protests

The excuse to invade Iraq was that they didn't let the UN inspector into Iraq to see if they had weapons of mass destruction

They used the previous UN resolution

US declining hegemon

Yuan is a pegged currency (US dollar)

Cheap exports

It is now pegged to a basket of currencies

They competed on cheap prices

In the future, they'll compete on quality (patents)

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was replaced by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), also known as T-MEC in Mexico, which came into effect on July 1, 2020.

The USMCA introduced changes to various aspects of trade between the three countries, including updated provisions on automobile manufacturing, labor rights, environmental standards, and digital trade.

Trump engaged in a series of diplomatic meetings with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. The first summit took place in Singapore in June 2018, and a second summit occurred in Hanoi in February 2019.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trump administration implemented measures to restrict travel from certain countries with high infection rates. These restrictions evolved over time and included various countries worldwide.

Implemented Title 42, a public health provision, to justify the rapid expulsion of migrants at the border, citing the risk of COVID-19 transmission.

2014 Trump praised Putin

2015 he said: I think I would just get along very well with Vladimir Putin. I just think so. People say what do you mean? I just think we would. Obama and him, he hates Obama. Obama hates him.

2016 Trump said: has very strong control over a country. Now, it's a very different system and I don't happen to like that system. But certainly in that system he's been a leader far more than our president has been a leader

Trump’s position on Mexico was among the most notable features of his campaign

Trump pledged to deport illegal Mexican migrants

Policy of separating families at the U.S.-Mexico border, leading to widespread criticism. The policy aimed to deter illegal immigration by detaining adults and placing children in separate facilities.

The Biden administration’s China policy is based on the accurate assessment that the United States and China are engaged in a long-term strategic competition.

In August 2021, President Biden oversaw the completion of the U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan, ending the 20-year-long military involvement.

The withdrawal was marked by the Taliban's rapid takeover of the country, raising concerns about the security situation and the fate of Afghan civilians.

2021, President Biden met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Geneva for a summit.

President Biden signed an executive order to rejoin the Paris Agreement on climate change, signaling a commitment to international cooperation in addressing climate challenges.

The Biden administration committed to a more active role in global efforts to combat the pandemic.

The Biden administration has consistently expressed strong support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. President Biden has reiterated the United States' commitment to standing by Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression.

1898- 1900

1898 Maine Incident: Explosion that sank the battleship U.S.S Maine in the Havana

1) Yellow journalism

2) War fever

Cuba

US acquires: Phillippines, Puerto Rico and Guam

Mckinley: Open Door policy: Trade with Chine open to all Western nations equally

Taft: Dollar Diplomacy: Private funds to pursue diplomatic funds

Roosevelt: Speak softly & carry a big stick

1896: Philippine Revolution

1903: Platt Amendment: US agreement to protect Cuba´s independence from foreign intervention

Numerous LATAM interventions

US-Japan economic ties: Balancing Jpn´s growing dominance in Asia

Panama Canal

China: getting a toehold in trade

Neutrality to Versailles

Challenges to neutrality

1915 Lusitania sank: U-boats. Americans died

1916 Wilson´s pledge: Keep US out of War

1917: Wilson´s pledge: make world safe for democracy

The US promises to stay out of the war and remain neutral, but will support the allies with supplies

December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. The next day the US declares war on Japan and enters WW2

June 6, 1944: D-Day, allied forces enter Europe through the northern beaches of France

May 8, 1945: Germany surrenders

August 15, 1945: After two nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders

Around 405,000 Americans died

The war had deep impacts for the US both in domestic and foreign affairs

After the war, America's industry is transformed to produce consumer goods after being repurposed for war

Marshall Plan: Provide Europe with massive economic aid to rebuild their economies (and prevent the spread of Communism)

Truman Doctrine: the US would provide political, military, and economic support to countries threatened by communism to contain its spread

US economy is booming

Wages and credit are on the rise

Demographic explosion (baby boomers)

Many technological advancements are made, which will boost the industry

Women are forced to leave the workforce after men came back from WW2

The concept "the American Dream" is popularized, it refers the "ideal family", economic prosperity, homeownership, social mobility as well as the rise of consumerism and materialism

The US targets Communism as its main enemy and looks to prevent its spread

5 main components: ideology, politics, military, economy and technological

After WW2, the US fears the spread of Communism in the destroyed countries of Europe, so it began a speedy plan to rebuild those nations (Marshall Plan)

In 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is formed by the US, western Europe and Canada to defend themselves against communist attacks

In response, the Warsaw Pact is signed in 1955 by communist countries

Berlin is divided in West (US and allies) and East (USSR), in 1961 the Soviets build a wall to separate them

1929-1939

1929:Stock Market Crash

Raise in interest rates to high and too late to lower

Surplus of goods

Consumer spending and investments drop

Decline in production

High unemployment rate

Dust bowl drought and high winds

Shortage of food

Decline in production

Hoover: Hoovervilles and Hooverflags

Roosevelt: New Deal: Federal programs for employment, agricultural adjustment, aid unemployed

Korean War (1950-1953): Korea is divided into North Korea (supported by China and the USSR) and South Korea (supported by the UN and US) by the 38th parallel

Vietnam War (1955-1975): North Vietnam (communist) and South Vietnam (West) fought a very long and bloody war, with the North eventually winning. This changed the American people's perspective on war

Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961): The US (CIA) tries to overthrow Fidel Castro but fails

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): Soviet nuclear missiles are set on Cuba, tensions came to an all-time high with nuclear war becoming a significant threat.