Unit 4 Test Review by Laura Harris

Politics: Ch.11

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:12:28 UTC

Adams Administration (1825-1829)

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:12:43 UTC

Difficult for Adams to continue Era of Good Feelings agenda because of Panic of 1819 and following economic depression, limited agenda, created the National Road, farmers angered by protective tariff

Election of 1824:

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:13:16 UTC

Candidates: John Quincy Adams(New Eng) William Crawford(south) Henry Clay/ Andrew Jackson(west)

Results: Jackson won by popular vote but not over 51% so House Of Rep had to elect the president. Henry clay picked Adam as president and Jackson was furious. Leading to "corrupt bargain"

Election of 1828:

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:13:49 UTC

Candidates: Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun (Democrats) vs. John Quincy Adams, Richard Rush (Natl. Repub.)

Results: Jackson won by popular vote over Adams

nature of campaign: overt propaganda and mudslinging, Jackson to power as a "common man" politician

Democratic Party:

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:15:02 UTC

emergence of: opposition to Adams, 2 party system, active campaigning with propaganda and mudslinging, the effectiveness of political parties

ideas of and supporters of: states rights and limited government

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:19:11 UTC

By John C. Calhoun during vice presidency under John Quincy Adams; protest against the tariff of 1828; the exposition stated that if the tariff wasn't repealed then South Carolina would secede. Also stated Calhoun's doctrine of nullification

1816-1832 protective tariffs

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:19:22 UTC

Protective Tariffs were used from 1816-1832 to protect America's young domestic industries from an influx of cheap foreign goods from Britain that would bankrupt new domestic industry because consumers in America are more likely to buy the cheaper goods

Tariff of 1828 (tariff of abominations)

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:19:47 UTC

-Protective tariff passed to protect industry in the north that was being driven out of business because of low priced imports by putting tax on them

What were some unintended results?

The Nullification Crisis, in which South Carolina attempted to nullify federal law

1830 Webster-Hayne Debate

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:20:14 UTC

an 1830 debate regarding nullification between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of SC. the debate focused mainly on sectionalism and the southern ambition to nullify federal laws and secede from the US. Hayne supported nullifying and seceding.

Tariff of 1832

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:20:28 UTC

In an attempt to lower the tariff of 1828, known as the tariff of abomination, the Tariff of 1832 was passed. South Carolina refused to pay the tariff and threatened nullification. In response, Jackson proposed the Force Bill, which would effectively force South Carolina to pay the tariff. Resolved by Clay's compromise which lower the rate of the previous tariffs

Force Bill

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:20:49 UTC

The Force Bill was in response to the Nullification Crisis and allowed Jackson to enforce the laws of congress, especially the tariffs opposed by South Carolina. The proposal of the Force Bill by Jackson was important because it demonstrated that Jackson would be willing to take extreme measures to attain his goals.

Indian Removal Act

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:20:57 UTC

The act under the administration of Jackson that allowed state officials to override federal protection of the Native Americans and allocated funds for the removal of Native Americans, forcibly if needed. Moved along the "trail of tears" (forced march of Cherokees from Ga to Indian Territory in 1838) where roughly 1/4 of the 16,000 Cherokees died.

Webster

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:21:09 UTC

Daniel Webster (MA) was the supporter of unifying the United States and was opposed to nullification. Against Hayne (SC) in the Webster-Hayne debate and argued that the United States was created by the Constitution for the people

Clay's Compromise (Tariff of 1832)

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:21:18 UTC

Following SC's threat of nullification and Jackson's response of the Force Bill, Henry Clay proposed another compromise that lowered the tariffs, withdrew SC's nullification, and repealed the Force Act

South did not like tariffs, because they did not benefit them like it did for the North

Bank War

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:21:42 UTC

The political dispute between Andrew Jackson and the supporters of the Second Bank of the United States when Jackson decided to kill the national bank and transfer its $10 million into govt accounts to favored state banks (called pet banks). Objections by the Senate and the cabinet members, but Jackson said his election gave him the power to kill the bank. led to the end of the American System.

Who did Jackson fight with over the Bank?

Nicholas Biddle, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster

Van Buren Administration (1837-1841

jl2110 — 2015-10-27 18:21:51 UTC

Jackson's VP (replacing Calhoun after the Peggy Eaton Affair), entered office during the Panic of 1837 (banks closing and failing, 10% unemployment), nicknamed "Van Ruin", unsuccessful, 1 term presidency

Cherokee Nation vs. Ga, Worchester vs. Ga

mlysaught — 2015-10-29 14:49:50 UTC

The cases ruled over by Chief Justice John Marshall that stated that while the Cherokees were not a state or foreign nation, they were a "domestic dependent nation" and couldn't be forced out of Ga without their consent to leave. Ignored by Jackson, resulting in the Trail of Tears

What were the Pet Banks?

2015-11-02 12:26:21 UTC

State banks favored by AJ. He took money from the BUS and put it in these 23 banks.

Why did the Whig Party Form

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In opposition to Andrew Jackson, the Whig party formed. They Considered themselves heir to Federalist beliefs and supported a strong national govt., Clay's American System, evangelical reforms, social and economic intervention from the govt, and education and social reforms. Mostly consistent of rich and some farmers, most support in NE and W

Jackson's Admnistration

jl2110 — 2015-11-02 18:47:39 UTC

Overused the power of veto, defied Congressional ruling that Cherokees could stay in Georgia, forced Indian Removal (Trail of Tears), killed the 2^nd BUS, sectional tensions and the nullification crisis, new forms of politics (democratic suffrage), active campaigning, the Spoils System, common man image (“Old Hickory”, war hero, great general), strong use of presidential position.

Nullification Crisis

jl2110 — 2015-11-02 18:51:35 UTC

The sectional crisis in the 1830's when a states' rights party from South Carolina attempted to nullify federal law. Questioned national unity in the federal system and the balance between states rights and the power of the central govt.

What ended the Crisis?

The Crisis was ended by Henry Clay's Tariff Act of 1833 (Compromise Tariff of 1833), which reduced the rates of the Tariffs of 28 and 32, no more Force Bill, SC revokes nullification

Henry Clay

jl2110 — 2015-11-02 18:52:38 UTC

Represented West with Jackson, Jackson's greatest rival

Speaker of House where he supported Adams to win, creating conflict & beginning of "Corrupt Bargain", the belief that Adams had bought the presidency

worked to incorporate west's desire for cheap and good transport into natl. politics.

The American System: National Bank, protective tariff, and federal funds for internal improvement (roads, canals, railroads)

John C. Calhoun

jl2110 — 2015-11-02 18:53:10 UTC

Monroe's secretary of war, ran in the election of 1824, supported by the south, dropped out before the election. Nicknamed the "Cast Iron man for role in opposing Jackson despite being minority group in Congress.

There is so much more to Calhoun...What did he support?

Calhoun was strongly sensationalist, opposing Jackson in Congress alongside Clay and Webster. Nationalist and expansionist, War Hawk during War of 1812, expansion and preservation of slavery, defended the south.

VP to Jackson, wrote Exposition and Protest (Nullification Crisis, pro-sectional), anonymous

Period 4: 1800-1848

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King Andrew the First

mlysaught — 2015-11-02 21:58:34 UTC

A political cartoon drawn during Jackson's presidency, in response to his perceived abuse of presidential powers due to excessive use of vetoes. depicted as tyrannical king, trampling constitution, ruling through the use of the power of veto

The Peggy Eaton Affair

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Secretary of War John Eaton's wife was being criticized (married previously, suspicions, similar to Jackson's wife's problems), Jackson defended her, his cabinet resigned

The Spoils System

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Jackson's system of giving govt. jobs to those who were loyal to him, allowed for rotation in office and reduced corruption of life-long positions, first massive govt. job turnover

The Kitchen Cabinet

2015-11-02 23:28:48 UTC

formed after the Peggy Eaton Affair (Jackson's cabinet members resigned), Jackson chooses his closest friends and loyal supporters to serve on his new cabinet of unofficial advisers.

Maysville Road Project

2015-11-02 23:31:53 UTC

Proposed by Republicans under Clay and Adams, road entirely in Kentucky, Jackson was fine with national project funding but not state project funding, vetoed Maysville Road project (still hated Clay too)

Specie Circular

2015-11-02 23:39:01 UTC

Money backed by silver and gold, required land to be bought with only silver or gold

6 year recession brought about by price inflation, inconsistent credit extension of Pet Banks, worldwide drop in cotton prices.