https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms en-us 2020-02-07 23:54:21 UTC 2020-02-08 21:54:29 UTC hello@padlet.com krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442453828

BF Skinner

Children learn their first language through stimulus response and reinforcement - imitation and association are essential processes. (p. 60)

Doesn't explain typical child comments and original phrases. 

Proven least adequate for explaining observed facts in child language development. (p.63) 

]]> 2020-02-07 23:56:46 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442453828 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442454308 "Behaviorists assumed that the child's mind was a tabula rasa, a blank slate awaiting the scripture of experience." (p.60)]]> 2020-02-08 00:00:24 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442454308 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442456009 2020-02-08 00:12:15 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442456009 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442456640

Noam Chomsky 

Children construct grammar through a process of hypothesis testing. (p.61)

All humans are born with a language acquisition device (LAD) that  has an innate grammar template.

]]> 2020-02-08 00:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442456640 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442587985 2020-02-08 20:38:48 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442587985 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442588013 "While the principles of grammar may indeed be acquired with little help from parents or other caretakers, adults are needed to help children build a rich vocabulary, master the rules of discourse, and distinguish between culturally acceptable and unacceptable forms of expression."- Howard Gardner (p.62)]]> 2020-02-08 20:39:02 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442588013 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442588769

Social environment, parents, and other caregivers influence language acquisition

Takes into consideration the importance of both nature and nurture 

Conversation Scaffolding is often used as a method for caregivers to verify understanding and then model adult usage (p.63)

Children are constantly constructing meaning from interacting with the people and environment around them 

]]> 2020-02-08 20:45:27 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442588769 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442589533 2020-02-08 20:51:06 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442589533 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442589778 "With a finite set of rules, people can generate an infinite number of novel utterances." (p.62)]]> 2020-02-08 20:53:08 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442589778 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442590736

Audiolingual method- audio recordings that learners memorize  

Pattern drills for verb forms and sentence structure 

First listen and speak then read and write

Imitation, repetition, and reinforcement 

Errors corrected right away to avoid bad habits (pg.65)

]]> 2020-02-08 21:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442590736 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442591226 2020-02-08 21:04:51 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442591226 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442591429 "How well did his instruction work for you? When we ask our students in classes of 40 or so, only 1 or 2 report successful foreign language competence acquired through the audiolingual approach." (p.65) ]]> 2020-02-08 21:06:39 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442591429 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442591774

Second language acquisition is similar to but not exactly like first language acquisition

Many errors made by the learner were the same made by native English speakers when they were learning

]]> 2020-02-08 21:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442591774 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442592421 2020-02-08 21:16:25 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442592421 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442593208 "...English language learners creatively construct the rules of the second language in a manner similar to that observed in first language acquisition." (p.65) ]]> 2020-02-08 21:23:46 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442593208 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442593590 Acquisition- unconscious and informal process with meaningful and real interactions with other people.
Learning- conscious learning/ formal process leads to "knowing about" a language.]]> 2020-02-08 21:26:43 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442593590 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442593865

Acquisition of second language follows natural order like learning the first language

Natural progression:

• Pre Production period
• Early Production period
• Speech Emergence 
• Intermediate Fluency  

]]> 2020-02-08 21:29:31 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442593865 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442594158

English Language Learners can think about what they are saying and self-correct any errors

Learners need time, correct grammatical form and learned knowledge 

Focus of language acquisition should be on communication, not memorization

]]> 2020-02-08 21:32:14 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442594158 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442594550

Direct result of learners' understanding of target language 

Three constraints

• understandable 
• contain grammatical structures that are next level from current knowledge
• part of natural flowing language and purposeful communication (p.67)

Uses background knowledge, context, and non-linguistic cues such as gestures and pictures

]]> 2020-02-08 21:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442594550 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442595067

Learner must be in an environment they feel accepted and fell able to take risks and make mistakes

Low-anxiety learning environment

]]> 2020-02-08 21:41:28 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442595067 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442595359 Krashen's suggestions for second language acquisition 

• Focus on communication, not grammatical form
• Allow students a silent period to gather thoughts and acquire knowledge instead of forcing immediate speech 
• Create a low-anxiety environment where learner feel comfortable taking risks and making mistakes

]]> 2020-02-08 21:44:02 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442595359 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442595970 2020-02-08 21:50:11 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442595970 krista_hilt https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442596024 "People acquire second languages when they obtain comprehensible input and when their affective filters are low enough to allow the input in[ [to the languge acquisition device.]" Krashen (1981) (p.67) ]]> 2020-02-08 21:50:43 UTC https://padlet.com/krista_hilt/v1ksq0juf2ms/wish/442596024