https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f Adding a post is easy, just double click on the Padlet. You can comment on posts made by others. en-us 2018-01-28 12:23:32 UTC 2025-10-13 15:55:21 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Xmastree.png aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225372974 2018-01-28 12:36:49 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225372974 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225374500 2018-01-28 12:54:44 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225374500 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225375002 2018-01-28 13:00:52 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225375002 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225375374 2018-01-28 13:05:18 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225375374 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225375978 2018-01-28 13:10:55 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225375978 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376266 what do we learn from the ice minus story?

Researchers were able to cross the line between peer-reviewed basic science and its regulated applications.
They wanted to prevent crops from freezing and destroying the crops during the colder months.
It brought controversy through it being sold and used without any  experimentation of the product.  
Also ecologists believed it could release uncertainties that cannot be resolved with the current knowledge they have.

]]> 2018-01-28 13:14:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376266 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376445 https://www.nature.com/articles/455290a

]]> 2018-01-28 13:16:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376445 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376698 1988 British election - Tory party introduced more environmental concern to their manifesto to compete with social and lib dem turning the environment into a campaign issue
- Experienced managerial scientists: David Bishop. His approaches to reassure the public and secure public trust helped initially Britain avoid public angst.

]]> 2018-01-28 13:19:26 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376698 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376725 -Passing of a new genetic engineering law (p.103)
Green acitivism held GenTG responsible for empirical methodology -  'law required that releases should produce no unjustified harmful effects on humans, animals, plants, or the environment and property.' (p.104)]]> 2018-01-28 13:19:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225376725 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225378003 2018-01-28 13:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225378003 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225545880 2018-01-29 10:18:32 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225545880 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225546203 UK: BSE posed as a "visible threat" to "expert authority"- downfall in support for agricultural biotechnology- BSE turned to CJD and was killing humans- crisis, worldwide ban on imports of British beef worldwide. Breakdown in confidence of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. New departments to help deal with this and prevent it from happening again.]]> 2018-01-29 10:19:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225546203 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225546360 2018-01-29 10:20:13 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225546360 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225547198 2018-01-29 10:23:09 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225547198 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225566644 The main concern of the public was the possible risk that GMOs may cause health and environmental issues. 
In order to ease the public, "scientific" and "risk assessments" (p 107) were created to test the risk of the technology. 

"The results were in full-blown public circulation" therefore allowing for "extended peer review". The awareness and publicity surrounding the subject, to some extent allows for the public to feel in the loop and informed. 

"Abdicating editorial Omnisence... openly admitting the subjectivity of scientific judgment under conditions of uncertainty" Essentially the openness, and truthful statement about the trial and error involved in this process, may allow the public to gain more trust in those promoting the expertise. ]]> 2018-01-29 11:37:42 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225566644 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225566668 Prince Charles, whilst being a public figurehead appealed to conservatism and this in some ways started to polarise public opinion. Whilst it didn’t cause angst, it certainly did not reassure the public. He generally appealed to a conservative sense of distrust of new technology. 
Angst was avoided by not giving the public a choice, however there were no protests so although people were conservative, they didn’t dislike it so much to actually protest in the streets.
However this public distrust was enough to change britains understanding of expertise. Committee structures drew on wider spectrum of opinion in advisory processes. This included academics and practitioners, scientists and ethicists, farmers and industrialists. ]]> 2018-01-29 11:37:49 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225566668 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225566755 -Delay commercialization in favor of continued, supervised scientific experimentation (p.118)]]> 2018-01-29 11:38:02 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225566755 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225567115 How did the naturalization work (p.131)?
No documented health risks.
Idea that GMOs had been 'certified by science as safe' (Pg.130).
Genetic modification seen to be as natural as many other agricultural practices.
Focus in US on risk assessment of products produced by GM rather than GM itself.
 'It was as much a process of making the world safe for the introduction of GM as making GM safe for introduction to the world.' (pg.131)


]]> 2018-01-29 11:39:25 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225567115 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225568286 -No public displays, not much media attention 
-even the shock of the BSE scandal failed to rock the commitment to conducting politics through political parties and the institutions of the state; confidence in statist solutions was reinforced by the long national experience of expert agencies enforcing bright-line regulations by means of technical expertise and attentiveness to the law. (p.143-144)]]> 2018-01-29 11:44:04 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225568286 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225570045 UK: For outsiders, the British monarchy represents the nation and sovereignty. Charles resisted GMOs, identified himself as part of the ordinary public and making their concerns his own. Mixed opinions- but ]]> 2018-01-29 11:51:12 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225570045 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225570364 UK: Prince Charles presenting his views on GMOs as in line with the
 - concerns of the average man, a shared concern for the sanctity of nature
presented as a farmer himself
- mixed public reactions


]]> 2018-01-29 11:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/225570364 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226078395 Normalization came through scientists' support of the products' safety. "Rational risk calculations made by experts" created less controversy about GMOs throughout the public (p 99).

]]> 2018-01-30 14:10:27 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226078395 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226078945 Not normalised and in widespread use, however there is less scaremongering now in media. It wasn’t presented as a choice as such, they just went ahead with it. ]]> 2018-01-30 14:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226078945 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226080485 2018-01-30 14:14:02 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226080485 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226082076 People were concerned about the unknown of genetic engineering. 
When the controversy died down, the public were able to understand that genetic engineering of crops was safe and attainable.
Views on genetic engineering was normalized.
It was seen as a model that science could tame the uncertainties of technological innovation. 
Scientists rationalized the idea and prospects of GM.]]> 2018-01-30 14:16:30 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226082076 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226194831 2018-01-30 16:57:16 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226194831 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226196464 2018-01-30 16:59:53 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226196464 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226201793 2018-01-30 17:08:07 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226201793 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226202860 Participation in technical decision making (p.103); a new procedural forum in which the public could question the goals and premises of genetic engineering (p.106)]]> 2018-01-30 17:09:48 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/226202860 aschrader11 https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/325199039 2019-01-29 00:23:37 UTC https://padlet.com/aschrader11/uzo9qwxzk82f/wish/325199039