•a forest moss, the ”glaucous leucobryum”, also represented in the Atlantic region where she is not so well off (status U1-) 

•a fern rocks, the “trichomanes radicant”, present only in the continental region. 

•All other species are in unfavorable status, either inadequate, or bad. Four species (or groups of species) are in a really worrying situation: the brilliant hypne, the thick brome, the fluteau swimming and the lycopods. These are species linked to highly endangered environments such as alkaline bogs, parts of trace-mineral waters and dry or wet heaths, or practices traditional crops (thick brome). 

•Our region has an important responsibility in the case of the latter species, since it is almost endemic to Wallonia.
Let us look first at some of our habitats (Part 1). 

•Stationary conditions do not allow tree species to dominate, either because of the shallow soil either due to drought extreme. 

•The xero-thermophilic buxaies develop generally mosaic with other habitats of community interest such as calcicolous grasslands or calcareous-siliceous and rocky vegetation. 

•The boxwood being a relatively plastic species, it can also colonize the undergrowth of oak forests or thermophilic beech forests, or even ravine forests. These boxwood forests may constitute particular facies of forest habitats of community interest.

•Distribution and status: The thermophilic buxaies are limited to the large rocky escarpments of the Mosan basin, especially in the valleys of Viroin, Hermeton, Molignée, Sambre and Meuse.

Typical plant species
•In addition to boxwood, which is locally dense and shady stands that are poor in species, also find thermophilic shrubs such as viburnum, purgative buckthorn, various eglantiers, barberry, male dogwood, St. Lucia wood, common privet. 

•Herbaceous vegetation is the one thermophilous edges and clear forests: hellebore fetid, blood geranium, humble sedge, oregano, seal of odoriferous Solomon, Offical primrose, venom-tamer, violet bristling. 

•It is eventually accompanied by species of lawns and rocks. In the dense thickets, the herbaceous layer is lacking and the undergrowth is made up of bryophytes.

•The Slightly acidic rainwater is charged with calcium bicarbonate in contact with limestone rocks. This bicarbonate, soluble, precipitates in the form of carbonate when the temperature of the water increases (phenomenon which explains the incrustation of the limestone in appliances) or when water evaporates. The carbon dioxide also released by precipitation is taken by aquatic plants for the photosynthesis.

•Distribution and status: In Wallonia, crons and travertines meet in areas with a calcareous substratum, mainly in Condroz, Calestienne and Lorraine, very rarely elsewhere.

Typical plant species
•The vegetation of the encrusting springs consists mainly of bryophytes (Cratoneuron filicinum, Palustriella commutata) and microscopic algae. The Companion species are species of stream, sources or alkaline low-marsh.

In addition, the beech forest occupies a large area, since it is the potential natural vegetation of the majority of continental forest stations. This is the most represented habitat in Wallonia.

2.Add pictures that provide clear illustrations of the leaves, flowers, etc. 

3.Does the scientific name refer to the way they look, smell or taste? 

4.Have they been given common (vernacular) names? 

5.Which medicinal traits have been attributed to these species? 

6.Have these medicinal traits been researched? 

7.Add references to papers/articles that discuss them.

•Common medicinal plants of the nettle, dandelion, lady's mantle, mallow, gentian, club moss, deadly nightshade and plantain. 

•Herbs that can be found are Marjolijn, wild mint, wild thyme, lemon grass and juniper.

>>>  I selected to present the following two medicinal plants:   

1.Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) 

2.Urtica dioica L (the stinging nettle).

We are asked to write a comment (50-70 words) about this important work (its concept, the motivation offered to the scientific community, etc.).

1.Visit the nearest Meteorological Authority, Center of Biodiversity or Museum of Natural History where data for climatic change are recorded. Alternatively, I can search online for recent records showing sign of climatic change, such as lower precipitation rates, longer droughts, uneven storms, etc. 

>>>>>  Upload my findings to my Belgium Plant Area. If possible, add interviews with relevant scientists. Elaborate on my Plant Area by adding characteristic photos, articles, comments, or anything you think that could be interesting for your co-learners.

• An increase in the seasonality of precipitation: a decrease to -25% in 2100 in summer and an increase to + 22% in 2100 in winter

•Intense winter rainfall and severe summer storms more frequent and intense, increasing the risk of floods

•More frequent heat waves in the summer

•Lower river flows in summer (more than 50% decrease by the end of the 21st century) due to lower summer precipitation, combined with greater evaporation, leading to water scarcity

•An increase (by 2100 of 60 to 90 cm) from the sea level to the Belgian coast, or even 200 cm in the most pessimistic scenario.

The Hautes Fagnes natural reserve provides an example of the combined impacts of climate change and other factors. The peat bogs have been deteriorating for a long while for many reasons: drying out, pollution and tourism. If this deterioration continues and climate change increases, the most probable scenario is that the remainders of the peat bogs which are still virtually intact will disappear within the next 20 to 50 years. But climate change alone would cause the peat bogs to disappear in time, as they would lead to the latter drying out considerably.

•Using our everyday knowledge, which of the following sentences do I think is true?

- Option 1.We have practically solved the CO2 emissions problem and in the next decades
fossil fuels will be replaced by green energy including biofuel crops. Partially true.

- Option 2.We are still strongly depended on fossil fuels and only the developed countries of the world have the technology and therefore the luxury of using green energy. NO

- Option 3.Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is highly controversial since it solves one problem but creates new ones.  YES.

Why do I choose Option 3?
Because of the following facts:
1. Soil erosion and deforestation: The large-scale deforestation of mature trees (which help remove CO2 through photosynthesis — much better than sugar cane or most other biofuel feedstock crops do) contributes to soil erosion, un-sustainable global warming atmospheric greenhouse gas levels, loss of habitat, and a reduction of valuable biodiversity (both on land as in oceans). Demand for biofuel has led to clearing land for palm oil plantations. In Indonesia alone, over 9,400,000 acres (38,000 km2) of forest have been converted to plantations since 1996.
2. Effect on water resources: One example is that increased use of biofuels puts increasing pressure on water resources in at least two ways: water use for the irrigation of crops used as feedstocks for biodiesel production; and water use in the production of biofuels in refineries, mostly for boiling and cooling. In many parts of the world supplemental or full irrigation is needed to grow feedstocks. For example, if in the production of corn (maize) half the water needs of crops are met through irrigation and the other half through rainfall, about 860 liters of water are needed to produce one liter of ethanol. However, in the United States only 5-15% of the water required for corn comes from irrigation while the other 85-95% comes from natural rainfall.
3. Pollution: For example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and other aldehydes are produced when alcohols are oxidized. When only a 10% mixture of ethanol is added to gasoline (as is common in American E10 gasohol and elsewhere), aldehyde emissions increase 40%. Some study results are conflicting on this fact however, and lowering the sulfur content of biofuel mixes lowers the acetaldehyde levels. Burning biodiesel also emits aldehydes and other potentially hazardous aromatic compounds which are not regulated in emissions laws.

•Many aldehydes are toxic to living cells. Formaldehyde irreversibly cross-links protein amino acids, which produces the hard flesh of embalmed bodies. At high concentrations in an enclosed space, formaldehyde can be a significant respiratory irritant causing nose bleeds, respiratory distress, lung disease, and persistent headaches.  Acetaldehyde, which is produced in the body by alcohol drinkers and found in the mouths of smokers and those with poor oral hygiene, is carcinogenic and mutagenic.

Here are a few readings I used to make my decision:
•https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/biofuels

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issues_relating_to_biofuels

•two alcoholic drinks consumed in your Plant Area together with their plant source material;

•the main tree species decorated during Christmas;

•two groups of food plants;

•two common spices together with their origin.

2.Theophrastus has been hailed as the 'father of Botany' by many, thereby often referring to these two large botanical treaties: 'Enquiry into Plants' , and 'On the Causes of Plants'. 
Action: Write down your comment (50-70 words)  on the content of these works.

2.Alcoholic drink 2: GENEVER

3.CHRISTMAS TREE 

4.GROUP OF FOOD PLANTS 1: VEGETABLE WITH EDIBLE FLOWERS

5.GROUP OF FOOD PLANTS 1: SPECIAL HERBS

6.COMMON SPICES: Cinnamon & Nutmeg

7.THEOPHRASTUS

8. MY GARDEN IN BRUSSELS

During the coming years, restoration of buildings at the Open-Air Museum will use existing techniques, including the timber framing method.

2.Record possible reasons threatening the above species.
 

3.Design a business plan of a local volunteer organization that aims to protect them. 

•French: Joubarbe d'Aywaille ou Heid des Gattes

•Classification

•Class: Spermatopsida

•Order: Saxifragales

•Family: Crassulaceae (Succulents family)

•Sex: Sempervivum (Home look)

•Sort: Sempervivum funckii var. aqualiense

•Where in Belgium? Only in Wallonia although also very rare there. 

•Red list. Seriously threatened. Protected.
file:///C:/Users/Lucas/Downloads/VanRossum_2017_Joubarde_Plecevo.pdf

•The Aywaille houseleek (Sempervivum funckii var aqualiense) is an endemic taxon whose population of Heid des Gattes is the only known in the world! It lines some outcrops of rosettes tightly tight against each other. Its purplish bloom erupts in the summer when the viscous lychnis (Lychnis viscaria) blossoms on the rock wall and scree. 

•The sagebrush (Artemisia campestris) is another extremely rare plant, of steppe origin, of which Heid des Gattes is practically the only native Belgian locality. It is as abundant on the steepest natural rocks as on the exploitation plateaux of the old quarries that enclose the reserve. 

•Many other remarkable plants populate the site, such as bellflower (Campanula patula), northern doradilla (northern Asplenium), ceterach (Ceterach offïcinarum), etc. 

•Currently, there are serious threats to Heid des Gattes. Indeed, rockslides occur from time to time, because of the unstable nature of some portions of the cliff. These represent a danger for users of the communal road below the site, which is closed to traffic today. This situation has led local authorities to propose the felling of risk areas, which would inevitably destroy most of the reserve. Alternative solutions have been proposed, including the construction of a road on the left bank of the Amblève, but none has yet been retained. Will we disappear one of the natural jewels of Wallonia, the one that was thought best protected, after half a century of hard work on the part of naturalists and inhabitants of the region to safeguard it?

http://biodiversite.wallonie.be/fr/6602-heid-des-gattes.html?IDD=335545445&IDC=2831
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ5BpSc2Heg&feature=youtu.be

•These studies focus on endangered species of the Belgian flora but also other territories in which our botanic garden is specialized (Europe and Central Africa). Such research enhances the development strategy of the seed bank and develops the link between ex situ and in situ conservation (Sandrine Godefroid).

•Meise Botanic Garden has a seed bank of wild plants specific for the phytogeographical districts of Belgium. The seed samples of representative rare or endangered species of the different phytogeographical regions of Belgium are stored at -20° C. This ex-situ conservation is considered to contribute to the global strategy of nature conservation.
https://www.plantentuinmeise.be/en/home/

2.Present the result of your comparisons in a clear text (50-70 words).