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      <title>Middle English vocabulary and word-building by Тетяна Стефанюк</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve</link>
      <description>Сделано в атмосфере таинственности</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2020-10-22 19:56:08 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2020-10-22 20:38:35 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854104485</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The principal means of enriching vocabulary in ME was external. 
As a result, the vocabulary shows many borrowings from Scandinavian, French and Latin. 
About 10,000 French words (administrative, social, military, law terms; religious words, literary terms, words describing clothing and food etc.) came into the English language during the Middle English period.
]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:00:52 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854107924</link>
         <description><![CDATA[1) in some of the cases native words were replaced by French synonyms:
	e.g. OE leod &gt; ME people
	e.g. OE here &gt; ME army
2) English and French words were often preserved but with a difference in meaning and specific stylistic colouring, as French borrowings were often found on higher stylistic levels in English. Native word vs more formal Roman word: 
	ox – beef; sheep – mutton; swine – pork, begin – commence, help – aid; hide – conceal 
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:02:08 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854113302</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Borrowings from Latin were not numerous, though more learned in character: frustrate, genius, incredible, index, solitary, suppress, testimony. 
As a result of Middle English borrowing from French and Latin, Modern English has sometimes synonyms on three levels: popular (English), literary (French), and learned (Latin): 
	rise – mount – ascend; 
	ask – question – interrogate;
	fire – flame – conflagration.
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:04:09 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854116415</link>
         <description><![CDATA[About 650 Scandinavian (Sc) borrowings came into English. 
A new word was added to the vocabulary as there was no synonym in English or the English synonym was replaced by the Scandinavian borrowing:
	e.g., NE clypian was replaced by callen, 
	e.g., NE niman was replaced by taken. 
In some cases both English and the corresponding Sc words were preserved but they became different in meaning: 
	OE steorfan (to die) &gt; ME sterven &gt; NE starve (to 	die from hanger) versus Sc deyia (to die).
Some of the OE words were preserved but changed their meaning in Middle English, e.g. OE clerec (clergyman) acquired a new meaning in ME ‘student’, ‘scholar’ etc]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:05:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854119600</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>•In Middle English the Old English word-forming powers were reduced, </div><div>•Still, the two main <strong>internal</strong> means of developing the vocabulary were affixation and composition.</div><div>•Many of the OE prefixes lost their ability to enter into new combinations. For example, the OE prefix <em>for-</em> was only occasionally used in ME, e.g. <em>forcleave</em> (to cut to pieces). The OE prefix <em>with-</em> gave only a few new words in ME. </div><div>•There existed several productive word-building prefixes, for example, a number of ME verbs were formed with the help of prefixes, such as <em>mis-, un-, be-</em>.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:06:32 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854123920</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Some of the suffixes remained productive: 
	- the noun-suffixes -ness, -ung (ing), -end, -el, -ling, -hede, 
	- the adjective-suffixes -som, -ish, -ful, -less, -ed, -en, -ig (-y), -ly (-lich), -wise. 
Some suffixes mostly lost their importance in ME -dom, -hood, -ship etc. 
The suffix -er(e) was productive to form nouns both from OE words and borrowings. 
The suffix -en was productive to form verbs -en: loosen, blacken. 
A number of Romance suffixes were introduced in the ME period, such as -acy, -age, -al, -aunce, -ite, -ment, -ant, -ard,  -esse, -ist, -our, -able, -al, -ive, -ous as in servant, minister, conquerour, moral etc.
]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:08:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854123920</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>tanyastyles20</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854130925</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Besides, a new way of word-formation based on homonymous forms of nouns and verbs resulting from the reduction of unstressed vowels (conversion) appeared in Middle English as in chance, call, smile.
Finally, compounds remained frequent in Middle English. Many OE compounds had disappeared and many new compound words had been created, 
	e.g., barehead, love-drink, shoulder-bone. 

]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-10-22 20:10:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/tanyastyles20/uyzxpzmnnld5nrve/wish/854130925</guid>
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